Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
Online ISSN : 1347-7439
Print ISSN : 0916-7250
ISSN-L : 0916-7250
68 巻, 3 号
March
選択された号の論文の20件中1~20を表示しています
Anatomy
FULL PAPER
  • Nobutsune ICHIHARA, Nobutaka KIKUCHI, Tsutomu SAWADA, Misato KASEDA, N ...
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 201-204
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    This macroscopic study firstly examined the precise locational information of the canine ciliary body, i.e., the ciliary crown and the ciliary ring in the beagle. The safe and effective transscleral laser photocoagulation technique requires the accurate location of the ciliary body. In both sides of the eyeball in 10 beagle dogs, the width of the ciliary ring and the distance from the limbus to the ciliary ring were measured with calipers using a stereomicroscope at the 8 points. The widest portion of ciliary body was found at the dorsal to ventro-temporal area of the lateral canthus (lateral portion of the eyelid; ear side). In contrast, the narrowest portion was seen at the ventro-nasal to nasal area of the medial canthus (medial portion of the eyelid; nasal quadrants). Use of transscleral photocoagulation at the present narrowest area of ciliary body may carry a high risk of destruction of the optic portion of retina.
NOTE
  • Chung-Kil WON, Myeong -Ok KIM, Phil-Ok KOH
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 277-280
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    Estradiol acts as a neuroprotective factor against brain injury. This study investigated whether estradiol modulates the Bcl-2 family proteins in ischemic brain injury. Adult female rats were ovariectomized and treated with estradiol prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Brains were collected 24 hr after MCAO, and infarct volumes were analyzed. Estradiol significantly reduces the infarct volume and decreases the positive cells of TUNEL staining in cerebral cortex. In ischemic cerebral cortex, the level of Bcl-2 was decreased, and the level of Bax was significantly increased. Estradiol prevents the injury-induced decrease of Bcl-2 and increase of Bax. In conclusion, our findings suggest that estradiol plays a potent protective role in brain injury through the regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins.
Avian Pathology
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  • Norihiko MUROGA, Satoshi TAHARAGUCHI, Hideyuki OHTA, Ken-ichi YAMAZAKI ...
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 289-291
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    Pathogenicity of a fowl adenovirus (FAV), JM1/1 strain of serotype 1 derived from gizzard erosions of a broiler chicken, was examined to specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens pre-treated with infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDVs) or cyclophosphamide (CY). Virulent IBDVs, classical type, were inoculated orally at 3 days of age of SPF chickens. CY was treated subcutaniously for 3 days after hatch. FAV was given orally at 30 days of age. At 40 days of age, all chickens were bled and autopsied for serology and gross observation. Gizzard lesions were ranked by the scores depending on their severities. IBDV- or CY-treated chickens showed significantly higher gizzard lesion scores than non treated birds. There were no gross lesions in any other organs except for bursal atrophy. Serologically, antibody production against FAV was highly suppressed by IBDV infection or CY treatment.
Bacteriology
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  • Won-Geun SON, Du-Sik LEE, Noriko YAMATODA, Fumiko HATORI, Nanako SHIMI ...
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 249-253
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    We recently demonstrated the presence of virulence-associated protein antigen (VapA)-positive Rhodococcus equi in Jeju Island, Korea. These bacteria contained one of two distinct plasmid types, a 90-kb type II plasmid, which has been found in isolates from the native Kiso horses of Japan, and a new variant, a 90-kb type V plasmid. However, the genotypic characters of the VapA-positive R. equi from Jeju native horses and their environments are poorly understood. Ninety-eight isolates from soil samples and 89 isolates from fecal samples were collected from five farms that breed or have bred Jeju native horses, and were tested for the presence of VapA by immunoblotting and PCR. Of the 98 soil isolates and 89 fecal isolates, seven and 13 were VapA-positive R. equi, respectively. In 2003, two Jeju foals died suddenly and were brought to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cheju National University, for postmortem examination. Pure cultures of R. equi were isolated from the lung lesions of both foals. Of the 16 clinical isolates, 14 were VapA-positive R. equi. Of the 34 VapA-positive clinical and environmental isolates, 16 contained the 90-kb type II plasmid and 18 contained a 90-kb type V plasmid. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of the VapA-positive isolates from Jeju horses and Kiso horses, containing the 90-kb type II plasmid, were compared and formed two distinct groups. Furthermore, 18 virulent isolates containing the 90-kb type V plasmid formed two distinct PFGE groups (of 16 and two isolates). These results demonstrate that two virulence plasmid types are widespread in R. equi in Jeju native horses. However, there is little diversity in the PFGE patterns of virulent isolates, suggesting the clonal spread of virulent R. equi. The PFGE pattern of the virulent R. equi isolates from Jeju native horses in Korea is not identical to those of Kiso native horses in Japan.
Immunology
FULL PAPER
  • Dan-Yuan LO, Maw-Sheng CHIEN, Kuang-Sheng YEH, Kenji KOGE, Cheng-Chung ...
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 219-225
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    This experiment aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sugar cane extract (SCE) on the modulation of porcine immunity against pseudorabies virus (PrV) infection. Twelve-week-old experimental pigs were fed with SCE (500 mg/kg of body weight per day) for 3 days and challenged with PrV (2 × 105 TCID50) on the second day. Pigs that were only challenged with PrV and without SCE-treatment served as controls. The leukocyte functional assays were performed on the 7th and 14th day post-PrV challenge. Our results showed a significant enhancement (P<0.05) of natural killer cytotoxicity, lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytic function of monocytes, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production of CD4+ and γδ T cells in the SCE-treated pigs compared with the controls. In addition, SCE administration reduced the severity of clinical signs and brain lesion in the course of disease in PrV-challenged pigs. SCE-treated pigs showed a 12% growth enhancement compared with untreated controls. SCE administration had an immunostimulating effect on porcine immunity that may subsequently enhance protective activities against PrV infection which may be extensively applied in field for the prevention of infections.
Internal Medicine
FULL PAPER
  • Yumiko KOMINE, Ken-ichi KOMINE, Kenzou KAI, Masashi ITAGAKI, Toshinobu ...
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 205-211
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    We examined combination therapy with both lactoferrin (Lf) and antibiotics on clinical mastitis due to Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) on drying cows. The clinical symptoms of mastitic quarters were cured 81% of combination therapeutic quarters at 7 days post injection (dpi). Moreover, most of mammary gland secretions (MGSs) in combination therapeutic quarters were normal at 7 days after parturition. In the quarters with combination therapy, S.aureus counts, Lf concentrations and content rate of concanavalin A (Con A) low-affinity Lf decreased and were lower than in the quarters treated with Lf or antibiotics alone. The mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) of the quarters with combination therapy also decreased and was lower than that of the Lf or antibiotics treated. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in bovine mammary gland epithelial lined cells (BMEC) stimulated with Lf were lower than those of Con A low-affinity Lf stimulated BMEC. Moreover, Lf showed an inhibitory effect to the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression when co-stimulated with Lf and Con A low-affinity Lf. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation was also induced with Con A low-affinity Lf, and the inhibitory effects of Lf were also confirmed on BMEC co-stimulated with Lf and Con A low-affinity Lf. These results indicated that the efficacy of combination therapy with antibiotics and Lf caused antibacterial effect of antibiotics and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production with Lf via the inhibition of NFκB activation.
  • Shunsuke SHIMAMURA, Hayato ENDO, Hiromi KUTSUNA, Masayuki KOBAYASHI, H ...
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 213-217
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recent studies have demonstrated the benefits of nitric oxide (NO) on myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. It was suggested that NO has a protective effect on myocardial cell through the neurohormonal system. This effect serves to highlight the important role of NO in maintaining the function and form of heart with chronic heart failure. However, there are no known reports about on the effect of prolonged administration of nitrate on pressure over-load heart. This study was conducted to examine the long-term effect of oral nitrate therapy in rats with pressure-overloaded heart. An abdominal aorta constricted (AC) model of pressure-overloaded heart was created in male Wistar rats. Sustained release isosorbide dinitrate (sr-ISDN) (5 mg/kg once a daily) was administered to the rats once a daily for 12 weeks. The animals were euthanized during the study period, and the heart was collected and weighed. Histopathological examination was performed to evaluate the effect of sr-ISDN on myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. The ratio of heart to body weight increased significantly in AC rat and this increase was significantly prevented by sr-ISDN treatment. Histopathological examination showed significant increase in fibrotic area of AC rat compared to sham rat, this increase was inhibited by sr-ISDN treatment. Cardiomyocyte transverse diameter was significantly increased in AC rat compared with sham rat, but this increase tended to decrease by sr-ISDN treatment. In conclusion, intermittent administration with sr-ISDN has mild effect in inhibiting cardiac hypertrophy and marked effect in inhibiting fibrosis due to pressure-overload.
  • Miki SHIMIZU, Ryou TANAKA, Mizuho UCHIDA, Kensuke ORITO, Shunsuke SHIM ...
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 227-233
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    It has been reported that cardiac chymase has an effect on cardiac fibrosis through the Angiotensin (Ang) II formation and an Ang II-independent mechanism. In the present study, Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker (candesartan cilexetil) was administered to dilated cardiomyopathic (DCM; Bio TO2) hamsters for 4 weeks to study the effect of AT1 receptor blocker on cardiac chymase-like activity and cardiac fibrosis. Echocardiography, histological examination, and assessment of cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/chymase-like activities were conducted. Hamsters showed cardiac dysfunction due to increased left ventricular dimensions and decreased ventricular wall thickness, significant increase in cardiac chymase-like activity, and fibrosis. This result indicates that the cardiac chymase-like activity is responsible for cardiac fibrosis. When candesartan cilexetil was administered to Bio TO2 hamsters, cardiac chymase-like activity increased significantly, whereas cardiac fibrosis decreased significantly. Cardiac ACE and chymase-like activities were unchanged in non-DCM hamsters with candesartan cilexetil. This suggests that the cardiac Ang II formation mechanism was stimulated by suppressing the effect of cardiac Ang II, and cardiac chymase-like activity could be increased. Moreover, this mechanism may be more highly activated if cardiac Ang II is activated in the heart. In conclusion, we demonstrated that AT1 receptor blocker reduced cardiac fibrosis, although cardiac chymase-like activity increased. Because the Ang II-forming pathway and the effect of chymase in hamsters is similar to that in dogs, the results of the present study may supplement the available information for dogs.
  • Mika MISHINA, Nobuyoshi WATANABE, Toshifumi WATANABE
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 243-248
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    Blood pressure (BP) was analyzed invasively using the telemetry system in unanesthetized, unrestrained healthy adult mongrel cats. After surgical implantation of a telemetry transmitter, BP was transiently elevated due to the invasive nature of the surgery, but it was gradually decreased. BP was largely stabilized seven to ten days postsurgery. Once BP was settled, systolic, diastolic and mean BPs2 were obtained at 5-min intervals in individual cats. Hourly averages of these BP values revealed a diurnal variation with two peaks at 8:00 and 19:00. We also found that BP was significantly higher when cats were active compared to when they were sleeping or at rest (p<0.05). The average 24-hr BP in 20 healthy cats was 118.4 ± 11.0 (systolic), 78.0 ± 8.7 (diastolic) and 94.8 ± 9.5 mmHg (mean) by the telemetry system.
  • Kazuhiro NISHIMORI, Keiji OKADA, Kentarou IKUTA, Osamu AOKI, Takeo SAK ...
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 267-270
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    Although not scientifically proven, hoof trimming has been empirically shown to increase milk yields in healthy dairy cows. In this study, we examined the effect of one-time hoof trimming on blood biochemical composition, milk yield, and milk composition in healthy dairy cows. Eleven cows in the mid to late lactation period that were clinically fit and without hoof disease were subjected to hoof trimming, and metabolic profile tests and dairy herd improving tests were performed before and three weeks after the hoof trimming. The metabolic profiles showed changes in albumin, blood urea nitrogen, ammonia, glucose, and β-hydroxybutyric acid as a result of the hoof trimming. This was indicated by the fact that the cows began to intake more roughage after hoof trimming than prior to hoof trimming, and rumen fermentation became stable. There was no change in milk yield after trimming. However, the milk fat and milk protein compositions were significantly increased after trimming.
  • Miki SHIMIZU, Ryou TANAKA, Tomoki FUKUYAMA, Ryoko AOKI, Kensuke ORITO, ...
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 271-276
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    Cardiac remodeling and angiotensin II-forming enzyme activity of the left ventricle on chronic pressure overload were studied in male Syrian hamsters, whose chymase activity is similar to that of dogs. Pressure overload was achieved by banding at the ascending aorta (aortic stenosis). Echocardiography, histological analysis, and analysis of cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme and chymase-like activities were performed. At 10 weeks after banding, concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle was evident. At 20 weeks after banding, the ventricular weight-to-body ratio, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiac chymase-like activity were significantly increased, while cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was significantly decreased. This suggests that cardiac chymase, compared with cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme, was activated against the chronic pressure overload and was responsible for the cardiac remodeling through the formation of angiotensin II. Considering the utility of the rodents, the interspecies similarity of the Ang II-forming pathway, and the effect of chymase in the hamsters, the present model is considered useful for studies evaluating the effect of Ang II and chymase in the canine heart with chronic pressure overload.
NOTE
  • Tatsuo OIKAWA, Masaru OKUDA, Naoki KANEKO, Malaika WATANABE, Hiroko HI ...
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 297-301
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 45 (GADD45) plays an important role in suppressing multistep carcinogenesis. In this report, we describe the isolation of the complete wild-type feline GADD45 cDNA from feline tissues. Expression of feline GADD45 mRNA was detected in the liver, spleen, kidney, lung, and testis. The predicted amino acid sequences encoded by the full-length feline GADD45 cDNA display sequence homology with those from other vertebrates, and as in the case of human GADD45, cell growth suppression was observed by ectopic expression of feline GADD45. However, no mutations were detected by sequence analysis of feline GADD45 in several feline lymphoma cell lines, indicating that the GADD45 mutation might be uncommon in feline oncogenesis.
Parasitology
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  • Takashi SHIIBASHI, Takayuki IMAI, Yukita SATO, Niichiro ABE, Masayoshi ...
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 281-282
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    Cryptosporidium infection was confirmed by fecal examination for the first time in pet rabbits in a wholesale store located in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Fecal samples were obtained postmortem from juvenile rabbits (n=66), which had died after developing diarrhea. Feces from healthy rabbits (n=30) were also collected and examined as controls. Two types of Cryptosporidium oocysts distinctive in size and shape were found (Type A and B). Types A and B oocysts were detected from 16.7% and 13.6% of the diarrheic, and 3.3% and 0% of the normal feces, respectively. Since Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected at a higher rate in the diarrheic rabbits than in the healthy rabbits, special caution should be taken when handling a pet rabbit presenting with diarrhea.
Pathology
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  • Koji UETSUKA, Satomi NISHIKAWA, Akira YASOSHIMA, Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA, Ku ...
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 235-242
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    The histopathological characteristics of Ito cells and Kupffer cells were investigated in the liver of 21 cats (age range: 6 months -18 years) autopsied in our laboratory during 2003. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed using antibodies against lysozyme, desmin and α-smooth muscle actin. No Kupffer cells reacted with the antibody against lysozyme. However, macrophages in the lung and spleen showed a positive reaction with the antibody. This finding suggests a possibility that the amount of lysozyme in the Kupffer cells of feline liver is comparatively small. On the other hand, large vacuole-laden cells were observed in the hepatic perisinusoid of some feline cases, and these cells showed a positive reaction with antibodies against desmin and α-smooth muscle actin. These cells could be Ito cells with large lipid vacuoles. This conclusion was supported by electron microscopic observation and oil red O staining. However, no such large vacuole-laden perisinusoidal cells were detected in the liver of young cats less than 2 years old. The present study revealed the histopathological features of Kupffer cells and Ito cells in the feline liver.
Public Health
FULL PAPER
  • Eiko KOUJITANI, Tomoko HORISAKA, Yoshihiro NOMURA, Yukiko HARA-KUDO, A ...
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 195-199
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    To develop an effective method to isolate an injured pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 organism from environmental samples, we compared the isolation of freeze-injured and non-injured Y. enterocolitica O:8 and found that the isolation was more successful when immuno-magnetic separation (IMS) with anti-Y. enterocolitica O:8 antibody was used. Plating onto cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) agar and Virulent Yersinia enterocolitica (VYE) agar by means of the agar layer method was found to be effective in isolating the injured cells. The alkali treatment which is generally used for selective detection of Yersinia organism failed to isolate freeze-injured pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O:8 cells. Recovery methods without using the alkali treatment were superior for detecting freeze-injured Y. enterocolitica O:8. Our results demonstrate that the IMS and the agar layer methods should be used to isolate injured pathogenic Yersinia organisms from environmental samples such as water.
Surgery
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  • Miki HIRANO, Kazuhiro WATANABE, Mami MURAKAMI, Rui KANO, Tokuma YANAI, ...
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 283-284
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    We excised surgically a feline granulomatous lesion and performed histopathological, mycological and molecular examinations. As a result, it was diagnosed as sporotrichosis, which was the second recorded case of a cat so afflicted in Japan. After the operation, we recognized another nodule on the lymph node. Histopathological examination was therefore performed, but no fungi were detected. To prevent recurrence, the cat was administered a antimycotic drug, itraconazole. As a result, no recurrence was found. Excision of the lesion is the treatment of choice for feline sporotrichosis.
  • Hiroaki KAMISHINA, Takayoshi MIYABAYASHI, Roger M. CLEMMONS, James P. ...
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 285-288
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive technique widely used to investigate degenerative joint disease (DJD). In this study, we obtained magnetic resonance images of feline hip joints, using a high magnetic field MRI unit (4.7 tesla) with proton density (PD)-weighted and T2-weighted fast spin-echo (FSE). PD-weighted FSE provided detailed anatomical images of feline hip joints with superb depiction of subchondral bones of the femoral head and acetabulum. Articular cartilage (AC) was also visualized with PD-weighted and T2-weighted FSE; however, mild AC lesions noted on gross examination were not detectable with these sequences.
Virology
FULL PAPER
  • Yoshihisa SEKI, Yukio M. SEIMIYA, Gakuji YAEGASHI, Chihiro SATO
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 255-258
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    For the identification of herds with cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus, 1,272 animals from 20 herds were subjected to serum neutralizing (SN) test using the Nose strain and virus isolation. Eighteen PI cattle were detected from 5 herds. On the phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide sequences of the 5' untranslated region, the isolates from the PI cattle were classified into genotypes-1a or -1b. Of 3 unvaccinated calves aged 6 to 12 months selected from each herd, the probabilities of obtaining 2 or more non-PI cattle with SN antibody titers of 64 or more (PSN), one or more PI cattle (PVI), and either of the conditions (PTotal) were calculated using the hypergeometric probability model. PTotal for the 5 herds with PI cattle was 1.000. PSN for 3 herds with many PI cattle within the selected age group was as low as 0.500 or less, and PVI was as high as 0.886 or more. PSN in the 2 other herds with few PI cattle was 1.000, and PVI was as low as 0.375 or less. PTotal in 13 of 15 herds without PI cattle was 0.000, and was 0.714 or 0.774 for the 2 other herds. These results suggest that herds with PI cattle can be predicted with high accuracy when both SN test and virus isolation are performed on only 3 unvaccinated calves aged 6 to 12 months selected from a herd.
  • Tomoyuki KANAMATSU, Rihito WATANABE, Sayaka TAKASE-YODEN
    2006 年 68 巻 3 号 p. 259-265
    発行日: 2006年
    公開日: 2006/04/06
    ジャーナル フリー
    Friend murine leukemia virus A8 and PVC211 cause spongiform neurodegeneration in rat brains. Glutamate is an important neurotransmitter synthesized from α-ketoglutaric acid, an intermediate product of the citric acid cycle, and glutamine is synthesized from glutamate. To examine the brain metabolism of rats infected with neuropathogenic viruses, the amount of glutamate and glutamine in the brains of rats infected with A8, PVC211, and non-neuropathogenic 57 was measured using high performance liquid chromatography, and the 13C-label incorporation into the C4 position of glutamate and glutamine from [1-13C] glucose was measured with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. In the cerebral hemisphere and region containing the brain stem and basal ganglia of rats infected with A8 and PVC211 at 8-9 weeks post-infection (wpi), the amount of glutamine was decreased compared with the 57-infected rats. The amount of glutamate was decreased in the cerebral hemisphere of the A8-infected rats and the region containing the brain stem and basal ganglia of PVC211-infected rats at 8-9 wpi. The amount of [4-13C] glutamine and [4-13C] glutamate in the cerebral hemisphere and region containing the brain stem and basal ganglia of rats infected with A8 and PVC211 at 8-9 wpi was equivalent to that of the 57-infected rats. These results suggest that in the brains of rats infected with neuropathogenic viruses, de novo synthesis of glutamate and glutamine is not decreased, but the ability to maintain quantitative levels of glutamate and glutamine is decreased compared with the brains of rats infected with non-neuropathogenic virus.
NOTE
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