Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
Online ISSN : 1347-7439
Print ISSN : 0916-7250
ISSN-L : 0916-7250
73 巻, 7 号
July
選択された号の論文の20件中1~20を表示しています
Anatomy
  • Toshifumi YOKOYAMA, Takahiko ETOH, Kankanam Gamage Sanath UDAYANGA, Ei ...
    原稿種別: NOTE
    2011 年 73 巻 7 号 p. 949-952
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/07/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/03/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    The hypothesis that apoptotic factors play some roles in the denucleation of erythroblasts has been confirmed by the immunohistological detection of both phosphatidylserine and thrombospondin as phagocytosis-inducing factors in general apoptotic events. Both phosphatidylserine and thrombospondin were detected on the surface of cell membrane of mature erythroblasts, while thrombospondin was also detected in more immature erythroblasts. The intensities of their immune reactions increased as the erythroids matured. During denucleation, the positivities of both phosphatidylserine and thrombospondin were restricted on the surface of the cell membrane surrounding the protruding nuclei. Thus, the apoptotic process involves denucleation of erythroblasts and phosphatidylserine, and thrombospondin acts as phagocytosis-inducing factors in the denucleation event.
Bacteriology
  • Norihiko SUGIMOTO, Kensuke SHIMA, Atsushi HINENOYA, Masahiro ASAKURA, ...
    原稿種別: FULL PAPER
    2011 年 73 巻 7 号 p. 859-867
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/07/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/02/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this study, we have evaluated our recently developed polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay for the molecular subtyping of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). A total of 200 STEC strains including O157 (n=100), O26 (n=50), O111 (n=10), and non-O26/O111/O157 (n=40) serogroups isolated during 2005-2006 in Japan, which were identified to be clonally different by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were further analyzed by the PCR-RFLP assay in comparison to PFGE. Ninety-five of O157, 48 of O26, five of O111 and 19 of non-O26/O111/O157 STEC strains yielded one to three amplicons ranging from 6.0 to 15.5 kb in size by the specific primer set targeting region V which is located in the upstream of stx genes. These strains were classified into 41 (O157), 8 (O26), 4 (O111) and 17 (non-O26/O111/O157) groups based on the RFLP patterns obtained by subsequent restriction digestion, respectively. Although the discriminatory power of PCR-RFLP assay was somewhat less than that of PFGE, it is more convenient for molecular subtyping of STEC strains especially for O157, the most important serogroup implicated in human diseases, as well as to identify the outbreak-associated isolates because of its simplicity, rapidity, ease and good reproducibility.
Biochemistry
  • Mieko OGURO-OKANO, Mioko HONDA, Kaoru YAMAZAKI, Keiju OKANO
    原稿種別: FULL PAPER
    2011 年 73 巻 7 号 p. 853-858
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/07/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/02/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    To identify factors that control coat color in Akita-inu dogs, we sequenced all the exons of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), β-defensin103 (CBD103) and agouti signaling protein (ASIP) genes of dogs with four distinct coat colors, namely, brindle, sesame, red and white. Then we examined correlations among specific alleles and coat color. In the case of the MC1R gene, all white dogs were homozygous for a nonsense mutation, R306ter, while brindle, sesame, and red dogs had at least one R306 allele. In the case of the CBD103 gene, all brindle dogs were heterozygous for the G23del mutation (deletion of codon 23, encoding glycine), while all sesame and red dogs were homozygous for G23. In the case of the ASIP gene, all dogs, regardless of coat color, had at least one S82 H83 allele. A missense mutation in the ASIP gene, P87L, was identified for the first time in some Akita-inu dogs but was not associated with any specific coloration. Our results indicate that the 2 key mutations, R306ter in the MC1R gene and G23del in the CBD103 gene, are associated with the phenotypic discriminations among brindle, red/sesame, and white coats, while no mutation that might potentially be associated with the discrimination of a sesame coat from a red coat is present in the coding sequences of these three genes.
Clinical Pathology
Ethology
  • Miho NAGASAWA, Ai TSUJIMURA, Kanako TATEISHI, Kazutaka MOGI, Mitsuaki ...
    原稿種別: FULL PAPER
    2011 年 73 巻 7 号 p. 869-875
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/07/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/02/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to introduce the Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ), which is a standardized system for evaluating the behavioral traits of dogs, to Japan, where the environment with respect to dog ownership is thought to differ from those of the United States and Europe, we compared demographic information on dogs in the United States and Japan and examined whether similar factors could be extracted from both countries using questionnaire items of the C-BARQ. The C-BARQ was completed by 11,410, and 734 dog owners respectively in the United States and Japan, and some demographic differences were found, such as breed and neuter status. Data from completed questionnaires were subjected to factor analysis, and the resulting factors were tested for reliability. In the United States, factor analysis yielded 11 factors from 63 items that accounted for 52.9% of the common variance. In Japan, 15 factors were extracted, and these accounted for 57.0% of the common variance. The present factors for the United States were almost identical to the factors identified in a previous study, and similar factors were extracted in both countries. Therefore, the C-BARQ can function effectively as a fundamental behavioral evaluation system for dogs in Japan.
Internal Medicine
  • Noriko KANAYA, Mitsuhiro YAZAWA, Yuko GOTO-KOSHINO, Manabu MOCHIZUKI, ...
    原稿種別: FULL PAPER
    2011 年 73 巻 7 号 p. 877-883
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/07/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    We evaluated the anti-tumor effect of adenoviral vector-mediated p53 gene therapy on the growth of canine osteosarcoma xenografts formed in nude mice. Nude mice were subcutaneously transplanted with cells of 2 P53 mutant canine osteosarcoma cell lines, POS and CHOS. The osteosarcoma xenografts were injected with either an adenoviral vector that expresses canine wild-type P53 (AxCA-cp53) or LacZ (AxCA-LacZ). Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the xenografts injected with AxCA-cp53 in comparison to those injected with AxCA-LacZ or PBS during the observation period of 27 days. An increase of the amount of p21WAF1/CDKN1A mRNA, and the number of apoptotic cells was shown in the tumors injected with AxCA-cp53 in comparison to those injected with AxCA-LacZ or PBS. The present study revealed that the adenoviral vector-mediated p53 gene transfer had an anti-tumor effect in canine osteosarcoma xenografts formed in nude mice.
  • Hajime NAGAHATA, Hiroatsu KAWAI, Hidetoshi HIGUCHI, Kazuhiro KAWAI, Ke ...
    原稿種別: FULL PAPER
    2011 年 73 巻 7 号 p. 885-894
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/07/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/03/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Changes in inflammatory parameters, leukocyte surface markers, functional responses and cytokine mRNA expression of leukocytes of dairy cows with naturally occurring chronic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) mastitis and healthy cows were determined to elucidate the leukocyte responses to S. aureus infection of the mammary gland. Increased values in inflammatory parameters and matrix metalloproteinase activities in milk revealed the characteristics of cows with chronic mastitis. Expression of L-selectin and CD18 molecules on neutrophils and proportion of CD8 cells in milk from cows with S. aureus mastitis were significantly (P<0.05) increased compared with those found in healthy cows. The FcR-stimulated CL response of blood neutrophils was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in cows with S. aureus mastitis. Significantly (P<0.05) decreased mitogenic responses of lymphocytes were found in cows with S. aureus mastitis; however, the values were not restored to those of healthy cows when stimulated with both mitogens and the cytokine IL-1β. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 on milk leukocytes from cows with S. aureus was found to be increased compared with that of healthy cows. The changes of immune responses found in cows with S. aureus mastitis appear to be influenced by the severity and duration of inflammation in infected quarters. The down-regulation of the leukocyte functions found in cows with S. aureus mastitis appears to be associated with the progress of the chronic stage of S. aureus mastitis.
  • Taku MIYASHO, Kozo NAKAMURA, Sachiko NOMURA, Kazufumi KAWASAKO, Tetsuy ...
    原稿種別: FULL PAPER
    2011 年 73 巻 7 号 p. 917-922
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/07/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/03/25
    ジャーナル フリー
    Many cases of encephalitic disease with unknown etiologies have been reported in specific breeds of small dogs. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in neuronal cells was recently found to be a novel cytokine-like mediator that is a marker of neuronal necrosis and inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine whether HMGB1 levels are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of dogs suspected of having encephalitis. CSF was obtained from 31 dogs that were diagnosed with an encephalitic disease by clinical examinations and magnetic resonance image (MRI) scanning. The CSF samples were analyzed via western blotting (WB) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a polyclonal antibody against HMGB1. The mean HMGB1 concentration was significantly higher in the encephalitic dogs than that in the healthy controls. The concentrations of HMGB1 were correlated with the cell counts and total protein concentrations, which are known CSF indicators of the neuronal inflammation associated with encephalitis. These results suggest that HMGB1 protein in CSF confirms the presence of necrosis and inflammation in most cases of canine encephalitis and that HMGB1 will be a new indicator of encephalitis.
  • Seiya MAEHARA, Yoshiki ITOH, Kouki HIGASHINOZONO, Yasuharu IZUMISAWA
    原稿種別: NOTE
    2011 年 73 巻 7 号 p. 927-929
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/07/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/02/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    We examined the refractive value in healthy Beagles by skiascopy. The mean refractive value of 54 eyes of 27 Beagles was 0.08 ± 0.87 (mean ± SD) diopters (D). The numbers of eyes defined as having emmetropia, myopia and hyperopia were 34, 8 and 12, respectively. Anisometropia was detected in 4 dogs. The mean refractive values in the 3-6-year-old and 8-9-year-old groups were 0.26 ± 0.84 and -0.29 ± 0.82 D, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).
  • Takafumi OSUMI, Koichi OHNO, Hideyuki KANEMOTO, Ko NAKASHIMA, Kazuyuki ...
    原稿種別: NOTE
    2011 年 73 巻 7 号 p. 937-939
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/07/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    A 7-year-old Miniature Dachshund presented with severe chronic jaundice and elevated liver enzymes. Destructive cholangitis was diagnosed according to histopathological findings of remarkable ductopenia with inflammatory infiltrates and fibrosis in the portal areas. Supportive therapy with prednisolone, high-dose ursodeoxycholic acid, human placental extract and antibiotics was tried, and the patient showed recovery of clinical signs 3 months after diagnosis. A second liver biopsy was performed about 1 year after initial diagnosis, and bile duct restoration was confirmed with continuous inflammation around portal areas and inside the lobules. Although we could not determine which treatment was effective in this case, destructive cholangitis in dogs may be recoverable with long-term supportive therapies.
  • Yousuke MAEDA, Rie TANAKA, Hiromichi OHTSUKA, Keiici MATSUDA, Taishi T ...
    原稿種別: NOTE
    2011 年 73 巻 7 号 p. 957-960
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/07/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/03/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study compared the immunosuppressive effects of dexamethasone (DEX), flunixin meglumine (FLU) and meloxicam (MEL) on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of seven healthy Holstein calves in vitro. DEX significantly inhibited lymphocyte proliferation and expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 messenger RNA (mRNA) in comparison with FLU and MEL. FLU and MEL dose-dependently inhibited lymphocyte proliferation, but did not significantly reduce mRNA expression. Our in vitro study indicates that steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAIDs) as well as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have immunosuppressive effects on calf PBMCs. These findings are important for assessing the indications and complications of NSAIDs in calves.
  • Kazuko NAMITOME, Rui KANO, Maiko SEKIGUCHI, Toshiroh IWASAKI, Takashi ...
    原稿種別: NOTE
    2011 年 73 巻 7 号 p. 965-969
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/07/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    An 8-year-old male Golden Retriever had lameness and claw abnormality in the second digit of the left forelimb. Radiography revealed osteomyelitis in the distal phalanx bone of the affected limb. Microscopic examination of the claw revealed numerous hyphae in the claw matrix. Fungal DNA fragments coding the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) were detected from the claw matrix as well as fungal colonies of the clinical isolates by PCR. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that the amplicons shared > 99% homology with Fusarium sp. Therapy including oral itraconazole resulted in regrowth of a new claw, in which no hyphae were detected. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of canine onychomycosis in which Fusarium sp. was isolated from the affected claw.
Laboratory Animal Science
  • Atsushi TOHEI, Shu-ichi KOJIMA, Masashi IKEDA, Ryoji HOKAO, Motoo SHIN ...
    原稿種別: FULL PAPER
    2011 年 73 巻 7 号 p. 901-906
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/07/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/03/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    It is known that pica, the consumption of non-nutritive substances such as kaolin, can be induced by administration of toxins or emetic agents in rats. In the present study, we examined the effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of cyclophosphamide on pica behavior and on the concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acids (5HIAA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the following five strains of adult male rats: Sprague Dawley (SD), Wistar, Fischer 344 (F344), Wistar-Imamichi (WI) and Long Evans (LE). Cyclophosphamide (25 mg or 50 mg/kg) was injected (i.p.) into the rats and kaolin and food intake were measured at 24 hr after injection. The animals were anesthetized with urethane (1 g/kg) at 3 hr after injection of cyclophosphamide, and CSF was collected from the cisterna magna. WI and LE rats clearly showed pica behavior as compared with the other strains. In LE rats, the concentration of 5HIAA in CSF also increased in a dose-dependent manner of cyclophosphamide. The pretreatment with ondansetron (5-HT3 antagonist) restored both changes (kaolin consumption and 5HIAA levels) induced by cyclophosphamide. These results suggest that the LE rat is sensitive to cyclophosphamide, that pica induced by cyclophosphamide mimics many aspects of emesis including the serotonergic response in the central nervous system and that use of the pica model would be a practical method for evaluating the effects of antiemetic drugs in addition to the mechanism of emesis.
  • Jun-ichi SUTO
    原稿種別: FULL PAPER
    2011 年 73 巻 7 号 p. 907-915
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/07/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/03/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    I have developed a congenic mouse strain for the Ay allele at the agouti locus in an inbred DDD/Sgn strain, DDD.Cg-Ay. DDD.Cg-Ay females are extremely obese and significantly heavier than B6.Cg-Ay females. The objectives of this study were to determine the genetic basis of obesity in DDD.Cg-Ay mice, and to determine whether or not their high body weight was due to the presence of DDD background-specific modifiers. I performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses for body weight and body mass index in two types of F2 mice [F2 Ay (F2 mice carrying the Ay allele) and F2 non-Ay (F2 mice without the Ay allele)] produced by crossing C57BL/6J females and DDD.Cg-Ay males. The results of the QTL analysis of F2 Ay mice were very similar to those obtained for F2 non-Ay mice. It was unlikely that the high body weight of DDD.Cg-Ay mice was due to the presence of specific modifiers. When both F2 datasets were merged and analyzed, four significant body weight QTLs were identified on chromosomes 6, 9, and 17 (2 loci) and four significant obesity QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1, 6, 9, and 17. Although the presence of DDD background-specific modifiers was not confirmed, a multifactorial basis of obesity in DDD.Cg-Ay females was thus revealed.
Pharmacology
  • Saya TAKAHASHI, Norihiko HIRAI, Mitsuyuki SHIRAI, Katsuaki ITO, Fumito ...
    原稿種別: NOTE
    2011 年 73 巻 7 号 p. 953-956
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/07/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/03/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    The aim of this study was to examine the blood coagulation profiles of ferrets and compare them with those of rats. The ferret activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was slightly longer than the rat aPTT. In contrast, the ferret prothrombin time and thrombin time were profoundly shorter than the corresponding rat values. The fibrinogen level in ferret plasma was 2 times higher than that in rats. Heparin prolonged all blood coagulation times in a concentration-dependent manner in both ferret and rat plasma. A significantly (P<0.01) higher concentration of heparin was required to double the aPTT in ferrets than rats. These blood coagulation data for ferrets will be useful in experimental animal studies.
Surgery
  • Hiroko FUJINO, Soojung LEE, Shigeki SUZUKI, Ung-il CHUNG, Manabu MOCHI ...
    原稿種別: NOTE
    2011 年 73 巻 7 号 p. 931-935
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/07/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/02/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The adhesion-preventing effect of trehalose in visceral organs was evaluated in a rabbit model. All rabbits underwent a hysterotomy, during which mild abrasion and desiccation was induced on the surfaces of visceral organs. In the control group, the intestines were kept dry during hysterotomy. In the saline and trehalose groups, saline solution and 7% trehalose solution, respectively, were sprayed on the organ surfaces. Adhesion formation on organ surfaces on which abrasion and desiccation were induced declined significantly in the trehalose group compared with the other groups. In contrast, at the hysterotomy site, there was no significant difference in adhesions between groups, suggesting that trehalose prevents adhesions in organs that have developed minor inflammation by abrasion and desiccation.
Theriogenology
  • Yu SAHASHI, Tsubasa OTSUKI, Shogo HIGAKI, Masashi NAGANO, Yasuhisa YAM ...
    原稿種別: FULL PAPER
    2011 年 73 巻 7 号 p. 895-899
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/07/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/03/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study evaluated the effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a lipid-soluble antioxidant, on dog sperm in chilling storage and cryopreservation. In Experiment 1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mM BHT were added to egg yolk Tris extender (EYT), and sperm were stored at 4°C for 96 hr. Sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity and morphological abnormality in the BHT treatment groups were not different from those of the control (0 mM BHT). In Experiment 2, the effect of BHT in EYT containing 0.75% Equex STM paste and 5% glycerol on survivability of cryopreserved sperm was examined after culture at 39°C for 3 hr. Sperm motility, viability and acrosomal integrity in the 0.2 to 0.8 mM BHT treatment groups were not different from those of the control. However, sperm motility, viability and acrosomal integrity decreased when 1.6 mM BHT was added to the extender (P<0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of the extender with 0.2 to 0.8 mM BHT did not affect characteristics of dog sperm in chilling storage and cryopreservation. Supplementation of 1.6 mM BHT did not affect characteristics of chilled sperm but impaired longevity of cryopreserved sperm in the dog.
  • Suhee KIM, Young-Jun LEE, Dong-Beom JI, Yong-Jun KIM
    原稿種別: NOTE
    2011 年 73 巻 7 号 p. 961-963
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/07/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study was performed to evaluate the use of dimethylacetamide (DMA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in boar sperm cryopreservation. Semen from eight boars was cryopreserved following treatment with 3, 5, and 7% DMA and DMSO, and 3% glycerol (control). After thawing, sperm conventional parameters and membrane integrities were evaluated. There were no significant differences among different DMA concentrations in all evaluations. Membrane intactness were higher in 5% and 7% DMSO than 3% DMSO (P<0.05). Sperm motility of 5% DMSO was lower than that of 3% glycerol (P<0.005), and membrane intactness were lower in 5% DMA and DMSO than 3% glycerol (P<0.05). DMA and DMSO didn't improve sperm quality and glycerol remains the most useful for boar sperm cryopreservation.
Toxicology
  • Yosuke SAKURADA, Masayoshi SAWAI, Kaoru INOUE, Mariko SHIROTA, Kinji S ...
    原稿種別: NOTE
    2011 年 73 巻 7 号 p. 923-926
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/07/30
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/02/08
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to understand ovarian toxicity of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists, in situ gene expression of the AhR was examined during follicle development in immature rats. In situ hybridization on frozen sections of ovaries from 24-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats showed that the AhR mRNA was localized in the granulosa cells and occasionally in the theca cells of the follicles irrespective of the developmental stage. In situ gene quantification on granulosa cell layers collected by laser microdissection further revealed that the granulosa cells expressed less AhR mRNA according to development of belonging follicles, but more β-subunit of inhibin A mRNA, a quality control gene. These results may help to elucidate vulnerable developmental stages of follicles to toxicities of the AhR agonists.
Virology
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