It is commonly recognized that group A streptococci are one of the important human pathogens causing serious disease. Only a few epidemiological studies have been performed in the Taiwan area. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether there is any change regarding the carrier rate of the β-hemolytic streptococci among Taipei, Nantou, and Peimen schoolchildren currently, and to study the difference in group and type distribution and durg susceptibility by MIC.
Throat swabs were taken from healthy schoolchildren in various districts of Taiwan during June 1974 to December 1976. Specimens were collected from Taipei (urban district), Nantou (rural district), and Peimen (fishing village).
Seven hundret twenty seven strains of β-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from a total of 2701 healthy schoolchildren. Seasonsl changes of isolation rate were as follows: June 1974, 25.4%; June 1975, 6.5%; June 1976, 15.8%; December 1974, 41.3%; and December 1975, 44.7%. Among the β-hemolytic strepcocci isolated from healthy schoolchildren more then 30% was identified as group A. Of the strains from the pediatric clinic in Taipei, 27% were identified as group A, But of the clinical laboratory specimens of Juntendo University Hospital in Tokyo, more than half (53.3%) were identified as group A. Next to group A, groups G and B were predominant in all other groups.
The results of cell wall T protein agglutination of group A streptococci are as follows. In December 1974, type 28 and 3 were predominant in Taipei (urban area), and type 28 and 14 were predominant in peimen (fishing village) at the southern part of Taiwan. In December 1975, type 1 and 12 were predominant in Taipei, and type 1 and 5 were predominant in Peimen. Also, in December 1974, the predominant types of β-streptococci isolated from a patient of the Taipei pediatric clinic were types 12 and 4. Determination of theMIC values of group A streptococci to six kinds of antibiotics was made. This indicates the diversity in susceptibility of group A streptococci to various kinds of antibiotics. The MIC range for PC-G, CER, LCM, and CP was relatively narrow, whereas the MIC range for EM and TC showed a relatively wide distribution. The strains isolated from healthy schoolchildren showed extreme susceptibility to CP, EM, and LCM. However, in June and December 1975, 8.7 and 6.7% of group A streptococci showed resistance to CP, 8.7 and 4.4% of the strains were resistant to EM, and 8.7 and 6.8% showed resistance to LCM, respectively. More than 90% of the group A streptococci were resistant to TC.

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Pertussis cases treated in our clinic from January 1975 to December 1977 included: 98 cases in 1975, 179 cases in 1976, and 328 cases in 1977. Among 605 cases, 18 cases were diagnosed by isolation of Bordetella pertussis organisms, and 20 cases by four-fold rise in antibody titer. The diagnosis of the remainder of 567 cases was made from clinical symptoms and peripheral blood findings.
A monthly variation was found in the incidence of the disease. The high incidences were seen in April and August. It was of interest that a number of patients in spring has increased year by year. All patients were in under 8 years of age. The proportion of patients above 3 years of age has become higher year after year: 18.4% in 1975, 37.3% in 1976, and 43.7% in 1977. The reason for this age difference may be attributed to advancing in ages of unvaccinated children after the discontinuation of pertussis immunization in this area since 1973.
Of 87 unvaccinated siblings in 81 homes, 61 were infected in home exposures to pertussis. The average infection-rate was 70%. Between 0 and 4 years, the infection-rates did not vary with ages. On the contrary, of 118 vaccinated siblings in 98 homes, only 10 were infccted, giving the average infection-rate of 8.5%. In this case, the higher infection-rates were obtained in the younger siblings. Based on the results, it is evident that vaccination has contributed to striking reduction in infectionrate.
An analysis on symptoms and laboratory findings was made for 38 cases confirmed bacteriologically and 66 symptomatic cases who had infeted to siblings. The incidence of inspiratory whoop was 70-74%, and that of peripheral white blood cell count over 15, 000/mm³ and of lymphocyte count over 70% at the 2nd week of illness was 50-55% and 45-52% respectively.

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The clinical efficacy of the new aminoglycoside antibiotic, KW-1062, was studied in patients suffering from respiratory tract infections which comprised pneumonia in 67 cases and flare-up of chronic bronchitis in 46 cases.
The favorable response rate was found to be 85 percent in pneumonia (100 percent in mild, 89 percent in moderate and 75 percent in severe cases) and 67 percent in flare-up of chronic bronchitis (100 percent in mild, 67 percent in moderate and 47 percent in severe cases).
Tinnitus occurred in one patient, and one experienced dull headache. In one patient, renal toxicity developed. In five patients, slight increase in serum transaminases was observed. In all patients, these reactions were of transient nature. No allergic reactions such as eruption and drug fever were encountered during the study.
Taking into consideration that half the patients had the underlying respiratory disorders and infections in patients of this type were regarded as “intractable”, it is judged from the clinical data that KW-1062 is useful for the treatment of respiratory tract infections at the dosages studied (2.5 to 3.5mg/kg administered twice or three times a day).

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A Multi-clinical double blind study was conducted to examine therapeutic effects, safety and utility upper respiratory infection.
Patients were assigned at random into two groups, one with NAPROXEN 600mg/day and another with ASPIRIN 1, 500mg/day. The both groups were treated for 4 days.
Clinical observations and evaluations obtained from 224 patients in total, 112 with NAPROXEN and 112 with ASPIRIN, were statistically analyzed. The results were as follows:
1) No significant difference was observed between the two groups in Final Global Improvement Rating.
2) Comparison was carried out on the improvent in 3 symptom groups, systemic and respiratory, local inflammatory and pains, which were consisted of 18 individual signs.
Among them, the following symptoms were improved significantly with NAPROXEN group better than ASPIRIN group:
3rd day: rhinorrhea, redness of pharynx and tonsil
Final (5th day): local inflammatory symptoms, rhinorrhea, redness of pharynx
3) Side effects were observed in 3 cases (2.7%) in NAPROXEN group and 19 (17.0%) in ASPIRIN group and a difference in incidence between the two groups was statistically significant.
Concerning Overall Safety Rating, NAPROXEN was also superior to ASPIRIN significantly.
4) No significant difference was observed in Global Utility Rating (GUR). In stratified analysis in terms of sex, age and disease day, GUR of NAPROXEN was superior to that of ASPIRIN in female, thirties in age, and 2-day groups.

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