COVID-19のmRNAワクチンは主に接種抗原株と流行株のミスマッチにより感染予防効果が著しく低減するが,一定の入院および重症化予防効果は維持されることが報告されている.一方でワクチン接種回数が軽症COVID-19患者の発熱や症状遷延に与える影響について検討した報告は限られている.今回我々は石川県の3医療機関においてオミクロン株流行期に外来でCOVID-19と診断された患者およびその家族に質問票を配布し,背景情報や診断後の症状経過について後方視的に解析を行った.軽症で経過した成人501例を解析対象として,経過中の最高体温,有熱期間,7,14,30日を超える症状遷延率について,それぞれ患者の背景因子やワクチン接種歴を説明変数として多変量解析を行った.ワクチンを3回以上接種後に感染した患者は2回以下で感染した患者と比較して経過中の最高体温が有意に低く,接種回数が多いほど低い傾向にあり,有熱期間も同様に短縮する傾向を認めた.発熱以外の症状遷延率は追加免疫接種者ではワクチン接種回数が多いほど遷延率が低い傾向は見られたものの,回数による有意差は認められなかった.ワクチンの追加接種は成人軽症患者においても発熱の程度や期間を低減させるのに有用であり,回数を重ねるほど高い効果を示す可能性が示唆された.
【背景】本研究は新型コロナウイルスオミクロン株流行期に濃厚接触者となった病院職員の二次感染の実態と,それに関連する因子の評価を目的とした.
【対象と方法】2022年に濃厚接触者となった職員を対象に,二次感染率,曝露源,発症間隔を後方視的に調査した.子どもからの二次感染について,子どもの性別と年齢(または小学生以下vs中学生以上),職員の性別とワクチン回数と最終ワクチン接種日から曝露までの間隔を説明変数にした多変量解析を行った.
【結果】濃厚接触職員は524人であった.曝露源は,同居者では子ども283人,配偶者・同棲者92人,その他53人で,非同居者では家族・友人・同僚83人,陽性患者13人であった.子どもの年齢は275人で判明し,中央値は11歳(範囲:0~40歳)であった.二次感染は122人(23.3%)で認めた.曝露源別の二次感染源(感染率)は,子ども77人(小学生以下56人[37.8%],中学生以上19人[15.0%],不明2人)が最多で,配偶者・同棲者32人(34.8%),その他9人(17.3%),非同居の家族,友人・同僚は4人(4.8%)が次いだ.発症間隔の中央値は4日であった.多変量解析で子どもの年齢または小学生以下の子どもが二次感染成立と有意な関連性があった.
【結論】オミクロン株流行期の病院職員の二次感染は家庭内感染が多く,特に小学生以下の感染小児からの曝露と有意に関連していた.
A 43-year-old man visited our hospital with a history of fever, rashes, and a mass in the right inguinal region. Tests for syphilis, namely, the rapid plasma regain test and a Treponema pallidum antibody test, ordered by his primary physician returned positive results. The patient was referred to the Division of Infectious Diseases for an expert review following the diagnosis of syphilis. The infectious diseases physician noticed an additional important symptom, namely, tinnitus during his [or 'her' ] medical chart review. Therefore, we suspected concomitant otosyphilis and performed lumbar puncture to check the cerebrospinal fluid for evidence of neurosyphilis. Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed evidence of meningeal inflammation. A consult was sent to the otolaryngologist, who made the diagnosis of endolymphatic hydrops due to syphilis. We treated the patient with a 2-week course of intravenous antibiotics (ceftriaxone followed by benzylpenicillin), in addition to systemic corticosteroids. With this treatment, all the symptoms improved and the rapid plasma reagin titer decreased. In Japan, the standard treatment for syphilis is intramuscular benzylpenicillin or oral amoxicillin. However, intravenous benzylpenicillin is recommended for the treatment of neurosyphilis, ocular syphilis, and otosyphilis. It is crucial for clinicians to consult experts when encountering patients with positive test results for syphilis who present with inner ear symptoms, for prompt and accurate diagnosis and selection of the appropriate treatment.
The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of development of secondary COVID-19 infection in healthcare workers during vaginal delivery versus during cesarean section. The study was conducted at two medical institutions, Hospital A and B, which attended to both types of deliveries in pregnant women with COVID-19. The COVID-19 incidence rates among the healthcare workers attending to the deliveries were compared retrospectively. The results showed that out of 27 healthcare workers in Hospital A, 9 tested positive for COVID-19, while in Hospital B, out of 62 workers, 7 tested positive for COVID-19. The incidence rate was higher in Hospital A, with a 3.86-fold higher odds ratio (95%CI: 1.10-14.2, p = 0.0181). However, after adjusting for the vaccination rate and age, no statistically significant difference in the rates was observed. Therefore, we concluded that vaginal delivery does not pose a higher risk of secondary COVID-19 infection in healthcare workers as compared with cesarean section.