The swellability of fibers were determined quantitatively by the method proposed by the authors on the following nine kinds of sample:
1. Chlorite holocellulose treated with 0.08% NaOH solution [1 (H)]
2. 1 (H) frozen by alcohol-dry ice freezing mixture [2 (F)]
3. 1 (H) treated with ultra violet radiation [3 (UV)]
4. 1 (H) extracted with 6% NaOH solution [4 (NaOH)]
5. 2 (F) treated with ultra violet radiation [5 (F-UV)]
6. 2 (F) extracted with 6% NaOH solution [6 (F-NaOH)]
7. 4 (NaOH) treated with ultra violet radiation [7 (NaOH-UV)]
8. 4 (NaOH) frozen by alcohol-dry ice freezing mixture [8 (NaOH-F)]
9. 5 (F-UV) extracted with 6% NaOH solution [9 (F-UV-NaOH)]
The results showed that the conditions of outer layer of fibers, the amount of hemicellulose and the degree of polymerization of cellulose are very effective for the swellability of fibers.

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In this series of the investigations on the residual lignin in unbleached sulfite pulp only that in soft wood unbleached sulfite pulp was investigated until now.
In the previous paper (Part II), it was shown that the residual lignosulfonic acid in unbleached sulfite pulp (RLS) was dissolved by intensive beating, although more than half of the total amount of the residual lignosulfonic acid in the pulp remained undissolved by this treatment. This isolated RLS has almost half as much sulfonic acid group as the ordinary lignosulfonic acid (LSA) and has no chemical bond with carbohydrate.
In part IV, it was shown that this residual lignosulfonic acid remaining in the beaten pulp could be dissolved further by dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and the non-existence of chemical bond between this lignin and carbohydrate was also confirmed.
The RLS obtained by the above mentioned process has a smaller diffusion coefficient i. e. higher molecular weight than LSA.
It was thus concluded that the reasons for the difficulty of the dissolution of RLS from the unbleached sulfite pulp lie in too high molecular weight of the RLS to diffuse out from the fiber cell wall.
It is the problem of the present paper to investigate the residual lignosulfonic acid in “ deciduous ”unbleached sulfite pulp.
Birch unbleached sulfite pulp was beaten in water, and the residual lignosulfonic acid (BRLS) dissolved was isolated pure in a form of barium salt, yield of the BRLS being 24% of the total amount in birch unbleached sulfite pulp.
The BRLS thus obtained has sulfonic acid group only 0.18 per C₉unit, and the content of the phenolic hydroxyl group was low, being 0.10.08 per C₉unit. The amount of phenolic hydroxyl group of BRLS was nearly half of the ordinary birch lignosulfonic acid obtained from sulfite waste liquor, and has very large amount of type II phenolic hydroxyl group, the ratio of type I and type II phenolic hydroxyl groups being 1 : 1 in BLSA and 1 : 3 in RLS.
When beaten pulp was extracted with absolute dimethyl-sulfoxide, a DMSO extract consisting 11% of lignin and 50% of carbohydrate was obtained. From the results of the paper electrophoresis of DMSO extract, it was concluded that almost no chemical bond exists between these two components.
The diffusion coefficients of BRLS and BLSA measured by McCarthy's method are 12.8 and 16.2mm²/day respectively. It was thus confirmed that the molecular weight of BRLS is higher than that of BLSA.
The amount of BRLS dissolved by beating is 2530%and the same extracted with DMSO is 811%, showing that about 40% of BRLS is isolatable by beating and by DMSO extraction.
Thus, we may say, just as in the case of softwood, the BRLS thus obtained has smaller amount of sulfonic acid group, higher molecular weight, no chemical bond with carbohydrate and about a half of the total amount of BRLS could be dissolved from the fibrillated fiber by intensive beating in water followed by DAISO extraction.
It has thus fully confirmed again in the case of deciduous sulfite unbleached pulp that the residual ligno-sulfonic acid remained undissolved because of the too high molecular size of the acid to diffuse out from the fiber cell wall structure.

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メタアクリル酸メチル・アクリル酸ブチル共重合体の比率の異なったニマルジョンをビータ添加することにより紙の機械的性質が如何に変化するかを調べた。アクリル系重合体を繊維に定着させるには3つの方法で行なった。即ち硫酸パソドによる定着,メラミンフォルムアルデヒド樹脂による定着及びヵチオン性尿素フォルマリン樹脂による定着である。この定着法により重合体の硬度と紙の性質との問にかなり典味ある結果を示した。

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In a previous paper, it was assumed that the Sivola process gave a higher yield of pulp, because of the second stage alkaline digestion performed in the weakly alkaline region. So in this paper, various alkaline solutions were selected and used for alkaline digestion chemicals of unbleached sulfite pulp at high temperature. Yield, degree of polymerisation and other properties of digested pulps werecompared one another, and the results are as follows ;
1. The yield of pulp at a given alpha-cellulose level becomes lower according to the following order ; sodium borate or sodium borate+sodium sulfite, sodium carbonate+sodium sulfite, and sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide (Fig.2-14, and Table. 3).
2. Pulp digested with a caustic solution is the lowest in the degree of polymerization and others are higher at all levels of alpha-cellulose content (Fig-3).
3. Sodium sulfite solution helps the dissolution of the degradation products from the carbohydrates of short chain length at the alkaline digestion and increases refining effect on cellulose (Table 2) as well as accelerates delignification on pulp.
4. It seems that the differences of pulp yields shown in item 1 are based on pH value of alkaline solutions and some actions of sodium sulfite above mentioned.

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In connection with the studies on the synthetic high polymers giving wet strength to starch adhesives of corrugated board, a convenient method for estimating the adhesiveness was devised. The method is based upon the determination of resistibility of sample piece of pasted paper against stripping in a definite condition. The sample pieces of pasted paper are prepared by a definite means. The manipulations of the method was described. If the determination tests are repeated in the constant conditions, the results obtained are accurate and reproducible.<·>For a comparison, similar estimation tests were made by use of the tensile tester of Schopper type, and the like results were obtained. The method devised by the authors, however, has rather advantage in simplicity.<·>Using the new method, the effects of the wet strength of water-soluble synthetic polymers upon starch adhesives were studied.

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