Measuring principle of Bekk's smoothness is analysed and it is clarified that there exists in measuring Bekk's smoothness excessive leakage of air which depends on permeability of paper and the roughness of paper of the opposite side of the tested surface. And so the excessive leakage is measured experimentally to be found out that it can not neglected for determining surface roughness of paper by Bekk's method.
A direct reading instrument of smoothness of paper are designed applying a similar principle of air micrometer. Theoretical and experimental analyses show that a flow of air through spaces between a test surface and a flatly finished surface obeys Hagen-Poiseuille's law. From this respect the relation between a value of Bekk's smoothness and pressure drop of the new instrument can be given theoretically.
Experimental researches show that the observations of smoothness of paper, which is obtained by the new instrument, coincide with those of Bekk's instrument when they are corrected by estimating the excessive leakage.

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In previous paper the reaction between glucose and ammonia in ammonium sulfite process was reported. Now, it is studied the reaction between wood, which contains hexose, pentose and lignin etc., and ammonia.
In case of cooking of pine with ammonium monosulfite, a appreciable amounts of nitrogen are measured in amphoteric, acidic and alkaline parts as like as in case of cooking of glucose. But, also in a part not absorbable to both cation and anion exchange resins a remarkable amount of nitrogen is observed. It is found that, in the part, there is no neutral substance containing nitrogen, but acids such like that formed in the reactance between glucose and ammonium monosulfite, and ligninsulfonic acid, which is derived from wood and free from nitrogen, are contained there.
The alkaline substances are divided in two parts. The strong alkali is found 4 (5)-methylimidazol which is formed from ammonia and the decomposed substances of glucose. It is presumed, weak alkali and weak acid are also formed by the reaction of decomposed substances of glucose with ammonia and sulfur dioxide etc.
Levoglucosan-6-sulfonic acid, which does not contain nitrogen atom, is extracted from the strong acidic part. From this fact, it seems many sulfonic acids containing nitrogen are formed, keeping the form of carbon of the original sugar.

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