To obtain some fundamental knowledges of pitch deposition on multistage bleaching process of hardwood braft pulp, chemical composition of pitch was investigated.
From the neutral fraction, squalene, β-sitosterol, and an unknown steroidal substance was isolated and identified.
The existence of myristic-, palmitic-acids, a new fatty acid C₃₀H₆₀0₃m.p 7272.5°, and linoleic acid was shown by paper chromatography and preparation of those characteristic derivath cs. The conversion of pitch from fresh resin to trouble deposits was discussed in terms of its composition.

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The measurement methods of paper by the porosity testers of six kinds, Gurley densometer, Emiel Greiner porositymeter, Schopper air permeability meter, Emanueli porositymeter, Oken type denso-aspero meter and smoother, were examined, and further the relationships between these testers were theoretically and experimentally obtained.
(1) In the relation between the Gurley densometer (G) and the Emiel Greiner porositymeter (E), the theoretical formulas agreed well with the experimental values. But, in the range of low air resistance, the experimental values by the Emiel Greiner porositymeter were smaller than the theoretical ones, whereas in the range of high air resistance, that relation was reverse.
The relationship between two testers was shown by the following theoretical formulas.
V_e=83046.6/0.803t_G+513.34 … (1)
V_E= (979+0.675V_e) /1033 V_e … (2)
were V_e and V_E in cc/5min
t_G in sec/100cc
(2) In the relation between the Schopper air permeability meter (S) and the Gurley densometer or the Emiel Greiner porositymeter, the theoretical formulas agreed very well with the experimental values.
Especially, the theoretical formula of relation between the Schopper and the Gurley was in better agreement with the experimental values than that relation between the Emiel Greiner and the Gurley.
The relationship between the Schopper and the Gurley was shown by the following theoretical formula.
t_G=24096.38/V_s … (3)
where t_G in sec/100cc
Vs in cc/5in
(3) In the relation between the Emanueli porositymeter (M) and the Gurley densometer, the theoretical formula also agreed well with the experimental values, and this formula was as follows
A_M=43.478×t_G/d … (4)
or
t_G=523.023×P₁/P₂… (5)
where A_M in a unit of Emanueli
d is thickness in cm
t_G in sec/100cc
P₁ or P₂ is a differernt pressure
(4) The Oken type denso-asperometer (O) and the Smoother (SM) have close relation with usual tester as the Gurley densometer etc.
These testers were suitable for a manufacturing process test of high air resistance paper because these testers have superior accuracy and especially made the rapid test possible.
The relationship between the Gurley and the Smoother was shown by follows experimental formulas;
in the case which standard head was used,
log H_SM=-1.146log t_G+5.122…(6)
in the case which cramp type head was used,
log H_sm=-0.638 log t_G+4.247… (7)
The relationship between the Gurley densometer and the Oken type denso-aspero meter was shown by the following experimental formula,
log T₀=0.965 log t_G+0.0818… (8)

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The manufacture of the 100 % nylon paper on a pilot fourdrinier paper machine by using N-methoxymethylated nylon (type 8 nylon) as a bonding agent by the beater addition were studied.
When type 8 nylon resin powder is dissolved to methanol solution and the size of particles are made 100 μ by citric acid (pH 3.5), the yield of resin can be improved from 60 to 80%
A comparison of physical properties measured on the nonwoven-fabric of the market with those measured on a pilot machine-made 100 % nylon paper made from this research is given in Table. 23.

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By the application of close correlation between the Canadian Standard Freeness and drainage, the authors achieved the determination of freeness by means of measuring velocity of the water coming up into a cylinder through its bottom wire.
The velocity may be measured by either the level reached in a given time or the time required to Teach to a given level.
As the measurement done, the tube is pulled up from the stock and the residual pulp mat below the bottom wire will be washed away by the reject water without any aid of special washing apparatus.
This method is applied to the stock temp.1080°Cand cons.230g/lwith the accuracy of ±10cc between CSF 80600cc, and makes it possible to automatically determine and selfrecord the stock freeness in a few minutes intervals without time lag.

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