巻号一覧
48 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1～9を表示しています
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榎本 啓一, 片田 彰博, 中島 築, 野中 聡, 海野 徳二1997 年 48 巻 1 号 p. 1-7
発行日: 1997/02/10
公開日: 2010/02/22
ジャーナル フリーDuring the airway reflex deriving from the nose or the larynx, the activities of the respiratory, pharyngeal and intrinsic laryngeal muscles are coordinated. In decerebrate cats, the flow stimulation delivered to the nose prolongs the respiratory cycle time and decreases the amplitude of diaphragmatic activity. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether this nasal flow stimulation influenced the activities of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles.
The spontaneous activities of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles and the evoked potentials induced by electrical stimulation to the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), i. e., the laryngeal reflex, were recorded during nasal flow stimulation in decerebrate cats. A laryngeal reflex was induced by a single SLN stimulation (1Hz).
During quiet respiration, the magnitude of the laryngeal reflex recorded from the thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) increased in phase with expiration. In contrast, the magnitude of the laryngeal reflex recorded from the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) increased in phase with inspiration. During the period of nasal flow stimulation, TA and PCA activity increased. Moreover, the magnitude of the laryngeal reflex from the TA and PCA during nasal stimulation also greatly increased. These results suggest that the nasal flow stimulation increased the excitability of the motoneurons innervating the laryngeal adductor and abductor muscles. Such an increase in the excitability of the intrinsic laryngeal motoneurons was observed in both the inspiratory and expiratory phases.
The functional significance of this phenomenon may be that nasal flow stimulation decreases the inspiratory activity of the diaphragm so as to prevent the inhalation of foreign bodies and increases the activity of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, thereby increasing the likelihood of the airway reflex.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (883K) -
光学顕微鏡による観察石井 甲介, 〓 偉剛, 山下 耕太郎1997 年 48 巻 1 号 p. 8-11
発行日: 1997/02/10
公開日: 2010/02/22
ジャーナル フリーVocal cords obtained from 4 normal human adults, 2 human infants 3 months after birth and 6 adult Japanese monkeys were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Longitudinal and transverse sections were prepared, stained by the Elastica van Gieson method, and observed by light microscopy. Differences in the distribution of collagen fibers and elastic fibers between humans and monkeys were evaluated. The lamina propria mucosae of the monkey vocal cord was much thinner than that of the human adults or infants and had fewer collagen fibers and elastic fibers. The lamina propria mucosae of the human adult vocal cord consisted of a superficial layer poor in connective tissue, an intermediate layer rich in elastic fibers, and a deep layer rich in collagen fibers. The lamina propria mucosae of the monkey vocal cord consisted of a superficial layer relatively rich in collagen fibers and elastic fibers and a deep layer poor in these fibers. In the tunica muscularis of the human vocal cord, collagen fibers and elastic fibers were abundantly present between muscle fibers. The tunica muscularis of the monkey vocal cord was relatively lacking in these fibers. These findings suggest that the arrangement and distribution of collagen and elastic fibers in the lamina propria mucosae and the tunica muscularis of the human vocal cord are specific to humans and reflect the complicated vocal function in humans.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5298K) -
当科における過去10年間の経験から山田 弘之, 加藤 昭彦, 石永 一, 松浦 徹1997 年 48 巻 1 号 p. 12-16
発行日: 1997/02/10
公開日: 2010/02/22
ジャーナル フリーFrom April 1986 to March 1996, 280 patients with thyroid cancer underwent operations in our department. Postoperative hypoparathyroidism was observed in 82 patients (73.9%) of the 111 who underwent total thyroidectomy. On the other hand, postoperative recurrent nerve paresis (parmanent paresis) was obserbed in 11 patients of the 157 who underwent hemithyroidectomy, in 1 patient of the 11 who underwent subtotal thyroidectomy, and in 11 patients of the 111 who underwent total thyroidectomy. Furthermore, parmanent postoperative recurrent nerve paresis was observed in 9 patients of the 168 who underwent neck dissection on the left side of the anterior compartment, and in 2 patients of the 188 who underwent neck dissection on the right side of the same area.
The transplantation of parathyroid glands is necessary, and it is preferable to preserve the parathyroid glands with good blood supply.
When a neck dissection of the anterior compartment is performed, a careful manipulation around the recurrent nerve is necessary.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (717K) -
実験喘息モデルにおけるGABA受容体の検討大川 健太郎, 杉原 錬三, 南部 泰孝, 浦上 理恵, 志波 靖浩, 山崎 公世, 長坂 行雄, 中島 重徳1997 年 48 巻 1 号 p. 17-23
発行日: 1997/02/10
公開日: 2010/02/22
ジャーナル フリーγ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system and it is also found in peripheral tissues including the lung. Recent experiments have shown that GABA affects the contractile properties of airway smooth muscle. Therefore, to determine whether GABA affects the contractile properties of tracheal smooth muscle, we studied guinea pig trachea under isometric conditions in vitro in both normal and OA-sensitized guinea pigs. The following results were obtained.
1) In normal guinea pig tracheal ring, GABA and its related substances, baclofen and muscimol, had no effect on the resting tension, but reversibly depressed contractions induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in a dose-dependent fashion.
2) In OA-sensitized guinea pig tracheal ring, GABA and baclofen reversibly depressed the contractions induced by EFS, but to a lesser degree than in normal tracheal ring.
3) In OA-sensitized guinea pig tracheal ring, muscimol reversibly depressed contractions induced by EFS as in the normal group.
4) GABA inhibited tracheal contraction induced by EFS but had no effect on the contractile response to acetylcholine.
In conclusion, our study suggests that prejunctional GABAB receptors attenuate neuronally induced cholinergic contraction of airway smooth muscle, and that there may be a dysfunction of these prejunctional receptors in asthmatic, OA-sensitized guinea pig.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (839K) -
河合 敏, 佃 守, 池間 陽子, 榎本 浩幸, 古川 政樹, 持松 いづみ, 廣瀬 肇1997 年 48 巻 1 号 p. 24-28
発行日: 1997/02/10
公開日: 2010/02/22
ジャーナル フリーWe report on a case whose dysphagia was significantly improved with swallowing rehabilitation using head rotation.
The patient was a 68-year-old woman who had severe dysphasia after an operation for a right carotid body tumor. Videofluoroscopic studies of her swallowing showed a dysfunction of the right inferior constrictor of the pharynx, disorders in the contraction of the thyropharyngeal muscle, and a relaxation of the cricopharyngeal muscle.
Swallowing rehabilitation of head rotation for the troubled side was applied for the dysphagia, and the degree of misswallowing decreased remarkably.
In videofluoroscopic studies after this treatment, the dysfunction of the pharyngeal inferior constrictor improved. Now the patient can eat anything without head rotation.
Her misswallowing was probably caused by palsy of the pharyngeal branch of the right vagus nerve, and this palsy was probably caused by a compression of the nerve during her carotid body tumor operation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (6521K) -
末吉 晋, 福島 駿, 白水 和雄1997 年 48 巻 1 号 p. 29-32
発行日: 1997/02/10
公開日: 2010/02/22
ジャーナル フリーMost cases of esophagobronchial fistula in adults are found in malignant diseases. In the benign diseases, congenital esophagobronchial fistula, esophageal injury, diverticulum, tuberculosis, and lues are caused in the fistula. The purpose of this paper is to present a case with esophagobronchial fistula due to severe pulmonary silicosis, a 61-year-old male whose chief complain was coughing following the oral intake of food. An esophagobronchial fistula was diagnosed in the upper gastrointestinal series by his home doctor. He had a pulmonary silicosis anamnasis for over 20 years, and his chest radiograph showed severe egg-shell silicosic calcifications. Sinogram and bronchoscopy showed an esophagobronchial fistula from the middle thoracic esophagus to the left main bronchus. A surgical resection of the fistula was performed. During surgery, the fistula circumference was hard, and calcificated lymph nodes around infracarinal region were noted. The fistula, approximately 2cm wide and 0.5cm in thickness, was removed surgically with the surrounding connective tissue, and the stump was closed.
In a histopathological study of the fistula, the intraluminal mucosa of the fistula was surrounded with squamous epithelium, and a severe inflammatory cell invasion was found accompanying the calcification and anthracosis of the lymph nodes. From the histological findings, we concluded that a pulmonary silicosis with severe inflammation was the main cause of the fistulation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4085K) -
平田 したう, 平川 勝洋, 堀部 よし恵, 竹野 幸夫, 夜陣 紘治, 森脇 克行, 弓削 孟文, 四方 裕夫, 末田 泰二郎1997 年 48 巻 1 号 p. 33-36
発行日: 1997/02/10
公開日: 2010/02/22
ジャーナル フリーA 20-month-old girl with a bronchial foreign body, a peanut, with cardiac arrest during ventilation bronchoscopy was reported. Immediately after a rigid bronchoscope was inserted into the trachea under general anesthesia, cardiopulmonary arrest occurred. Although cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started immediately, cardiac function was not recovered, so thoracotomy was performed. A pneumothorax in the right lung, in which there had been no foreign body was found. After cardiopulmonary function was recovered, we performed a tracheotomy and a rigid bronchoscope operation to remove the foreign body with percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS). After removal of the foreign body, cardiopulmonary function improved, and the patient recovered without any neurological dificits. PCPS was useful in maintaining good oxygenation during the rigid bronchoscopy in this particular case.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2290K) -
野田 康信, 権田 秀雄1997 年 48 巻 1 号 p. 37-42
発行日: 1997/02/10
公開日: 2010/02/22
ジャーナル フリーA 34-year-old female was admitted to our hospital complaining of fever and coughing. Laboratory findings revealed inflammation and peripheral eosinophilia.
A chest X-ray showed nonsegmental infiltration shadows, mainly in the outer zones. A transbronchial lung biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage revealed specific findings of eosinophilic pneumonia. From these findings, together with the clinical features, the case was diagnosed as chronic eosinophilic pneumonia.
Oral corticosteroid therapy caused complete clinical recovery within 2 weeks. With cessation of the therapy, symptoms and X-ray abnormalities recurred. Therefore, the case required long-term, low dose oral corticosteroid therapy in order to prevent a relapse.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4908K) -
高田 弥生, 佐野 光仁, 伊藤 優1997 年 48 巻 1 号 p. 43-46
発行日: 1997/02/10
公開日: 2010/02/22
ジャーナル フリーTracheostomy was performed in 30 patients during a 15-year period (1982-1994) at our institute. Recently the number of tracheostomies tended to increase. Twenty cases out of these 30 were performed at the age of zero. Three patients among the rest ten cases were one-year-old. There were two 2-year-old, two 7-year-old patients. The rest three cases were 9-year-old, 13-year-old and 17-year-old.
Complications after tracheostomy were 10 cases with tracheal grannulations, 1 with tracheal bleeding, and 1 with failure of decannulation.
Regarding progress and prognosis, we could close the tracheal stoma in only 1 case, and 8 cases died from deterioration due to their first disease.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (464K)
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