Bronchial secretions were obtained by our procedure from the patients of respiratory diseases with hypersecretion and from the dogs in which various changes were induced. The electrolyte compositions and pH of bronchial secretions were measured, and results were also compared with bronchoscopic findings and histologic observations of biopsy specimens. Following conclusions were obtained. Appreciable differences were found in electrolyte compositions in bronchial secretions among various pulmonary diseases in human. In experimental studies, electrolyte compositions and pH were different in the conditions such as inflammations, automatic nerve stimulations and cigarette smoking from controls. There were some relationships between these results and bronchoscopic findings and histologic observations.

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The present condition of the diagnostic and the therapeutic procedures of the esophageal cancer in our hospital was reported. Among the visited patients of esophageal diseases, the ones suffered from the espphageal cancer were occupied in the majority. To improve the diagnostic results, the endoscopic procedures by the fiberoptic esophagoscope were stressed. To improve the operative results, several modifications were reported about the therapeutic and operative procedures. Especially, the early diagnosis and the adequate adjuvant therapeutics of the esophageal cancer were most important things. Until now, the early esophageal cancer has been found in fourteen patients.

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Accidents of foreign bodies of dental origin constitute not an uncommon occurrence. Our statistics show that out of a total number of 7, 536 foreign bodies, dental objects numbered 315 or 4 percent of the total.
During 11 years ending December, 1972, there were 1, 593 patients treated at Keio University Hospital with diagnosis of foreign bodies in the air and food passages. Of this number 162 patients were admitted to the hospital with diagnosis of foreign bodies in the tracheobronchial tree and 116 of the esophagus. In this series 64 or 23 per cent were of dental origin.
An analysis of endoscopically removed dentures reveals the following: Of 61 partial dentures 45 were of the upper and 16 of the lower dentures. Less than 4 teeth were attached to each of 46 dentures but in one denture 14 teeth were attached. Thirty of fifty per cent of denture plates were found to be defective or partly broken. In 40 of 51 clasps, 80 per cent, were found broken, abonomally bent, or loosely attached to the plate.
Interesting clinical features and pitfalls in diagnosis and treatment have been described.

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So far, iatrogenic foreign bodies were somewhat hesitated to report in medical journals. Recently, following cases of iatrogenic foreign bodies in air passage were seen in our clinic; adenoid mass, a piece of a fractured metal stylet, an injection needle, tooth, a damaged electric bulb for bronchoscopic illumination and a cotton ball. These foreign bodies seem to be unpredictable to occur. Intense precaution during surgery by physicians involved in upper air way (otolaryngologists, anesthesiologists, dentists, chest surgeons etc) and constant inspection of medical instruments by operation room staffs could avoid these unhappy accidents.

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We have got thoroughly satisfactory results from a W.W. Montgomery's method, used an inverted-U skin flap repair, for the reconstruction of three cases of the stenosed tracheostoma following total larygectomy.
The method is best applied to the reconstruction of both the concentrically stenosed and “inferior shelf” type of stenosis and characterized by the inverted-U incision and the suturing to advance the skin flap to effect lateral pull on the stoma.
Recurrent stenosis of the stoma will be prevented by a proper stoma construction, nylon sutures and application of the antibiotic ointment to the skin edge to prevent crusting and local infection, but we must not forget that most of the causes of stenosis may be related to the faulty manipulation of stoma at the first operation.

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Formerly, the research works on the anomalies of the trachea and the bronchi were done mainly by anatomical observation on cadavers. However, reports on clinical cases are increasing because of the developement of the clinical techniques, such as the chest surgery, bronchography or endoscopy. The authors reported a case of forty-four year old male whose chief complaints were hemoptysis and hoarseness. Though the authors couldn't find any abnormality in the simple X-ray photography of the chest, at last a diverticulum of the right main bronchus was found by the bronchography and the bronchoscopy. Further, the authors confirmed the bleeding from the diverticulum accrding to the observation through the fiber-bronchoscopy. Some problems concerning this case were discussed with the review of the literatures.

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