It has been reported previously that the abnormal carbohydrate metabolism characterized by oxyhyperglycemia and final hypoglicemia in oral glucose tolerance test was often seen in patients following gastrectomy.
In order to elucidate whether the characteristic abnormality abnormality of carbohydrate metabolism was based on the pancreatic or extrapancreatic origin, it eas been particularly attempted to distinguish those two origins by observation of Staub-Effect and hypoglycemia in final blood sugar level in twice oral administration of 50 gm glucose.
The degree of positive or negative Staub-Effect was determined by comparing the percentage of the blood sugar levels between the first and later half of peak blood sugar value in twice oral glucose administration, and the final blood sugar level was compared with fasting blood sugar level to demonstrate the final hypoglycemia in GTT.
The results are as follows.
(1) The Staub-Effect was markedly positive in 48 patients out of the 52 cases. Out of these 48 Staub-Effect positive patients, extremely positive were seen in 13 patients, severely in 17 patients, moderately in 9 patients and mildly in 9 patients. Staub-Effect was negative in only 3 cases and one was a borderline case.
(2) The final hypoglycemia following twice oral glucose administration was seen in all cases excluding the 3 cases. We divided the degree of final hypoglycemia into 4 groups. Among the 48 patients who showed the final hypoglycemia, its degree was mild (less than 10%) in 13 patients, moderate (over 10 to 20%) in 7 patients, severe (over 20 to 30%) in 15 patients and extreme (over 30%) in 14 patients.
(3) The blood sugar curve following the oral glucose administration reached its peak earier than the diabetics in most cases. In total, 30 minutes after the first administration of glucose, the hyperglycemic peak appeared in 88% of these cases.
(4) The total amount of excreted urinary sugar following the twice oral admistration of 50 gm glucose was less than 2.0 gm, and only 3 cases were more than 2.0 gm.
(5) In nearly all cases, the higher excretion of urinary sugar was found after the first half of glucose administration, which seemed to be parallel to the blood sugar curve.
(6) The peak of blood sugar levels following the twice oral glucose tolerance test showed ower 100 to 200 mg/dl in the majority of the cases.
(7) Non-responsiveness in treatment with Sulfonyl-Urea and usual dietary restriction was seen in most cases. Diabetic neuropathia appeared in several cases, however no retinopathia was found.
From the results described above, it may be suggested that the characteristic abnormality of carbohydrate metabolism in patient following gastrectomy is based on the extrapancreatic origin.

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Influence of L-Dopa on pituitary TSH and GH secretion was observed in cases with Parkinsonism who were medicated by L-Dopa for 2 to 16 months.
Plasma TSH and GH were estimated by radioimmunoassay with a double antibody technique. 0.5 to 1.0 gm of 1-Dopa were administered orally at 9.00 a.m. to 6 cases with Parkinsonism, 1 case with cardiovascular accident (CVA) and 2 healthy subjects.
No rise of plasma TSH was observed in 5 cases with Parkinsonism. However, increased response of plasma GH was observed in every cases with Parkinsonism, CVA and healthy subjects.
Cases with Parkinsonism receiving short-term administration of L-Dopa showed rapid and exaggerated GH increase while cases of long-term administration of L-Dopa showed delayed and slight GH increase. The interrelation between pattern of GH response and clinical picture of Parkinsonism was discussed.

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We had an opportunity to examine young females who showed the clinical signs similar to those observed in patients with hyperthyroidism except a fall in the ¹³¹I uptake following a long term administration of Hydroflumethiazide (HFT) or chlorothiazide (CLT). This fact prompted us to investigate the effect of these drugs on the kinetic of thyroxine (T₄) in blood.
The addition of a certain amount of the drugs to serum (concentration HFT : 6 x 10^-7 -6×10^-6 mM, CLT : 1.4 x 10^-7 mM) was associated with a decrease in the distribution of T₄ to thyroxine binding prealbumin (TBPA) but no alteration in that of thyroxine binding inter α-globulin (TBG) as compared with those of untreated serum.
In in vivo, the similar findings such as a lowering of maximal TBPA capacity while no change in value of ¹³¹I-triiodothyronine resin sponge uptake after administration of HFT were noticed. To determine whether the drugs would have any effect on metabolism of circulating T₄, Space of Distribution (S.D.), Extrathyroidal Thyroxine Iodine (E.T. T.I.), Biological Half Life (B.H.L.), Fractional Rate of Turnover (K), Daily Volume Turnover (D.V.T. (I)), Thyroxine Degradation Rate (T.D.R) and the state of deiodination were studied in eleven healthy volunteers treated with 75 mg of HFT per day for seven days.
Administration of HFT caused a significant increase in S.D., E.T.T.I., and B.H.L. whereas a decrease in K, D.V.T. (I) and T.D.R. Furthermore, it was clarified that the recovery of ¹³¹I-diiodotyrosine (¹³¹I DIT) in urines collected 1, 2, 4 and 8 hour after an intravenous load of ¹³¹I DIT was significantly higher in the HFT treated group than in the untreated control. The reduction of the activity of diiodotyrosine deiodinase in rat liver slice treated with HFT was also demonstrated. The fact that a new peak at 288 mμ on absorption spectra appeared after an incubation of T₄ with HFT, highly suggested the formation of a new molecular complex of both agents.
Because of formation of the complex, it was conceivable that T4 was protected from action of deiodinase, resulting in disturbance of deiodination and in T₄ remaining in the blood.
Consequently, the increase in E.T.T.I. and the decrease in K and T.D.R. resulted.

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Recently, disc electrophoresis has often been employed for semiquantitative analysis of anterior pituitary hormones of rats. However, a quantitative method of analysis of growth hormone (GH) by this method and its relation to the values obtained by radioimmunoassay have not been investigated. The present paper deals with these problems. And, the successful application of this method to measure GH in medium after incubation of anterior pituitary tissue is also reported in this paper.

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At first, this experiment was carried out to study whether or not luteotrophic activity of the prolactin could be used in the bioassay of prolactin. Against our expectation this experiment showed the luteolytic activity of the prolactin in certain conditions. In 1941, Evans and Astwood reported that corpora lutea 24 hours or more after hypophysectomy became indifferent to the luteotrophic activity of the prolactin. But Malven and Sawyer also reported in 1964 that once this capacity was lost, prolactin injections caused morphological luteolysis in the rat.
Young female Sprague Dawley rats were used in this experiment in which ovulation was induced by HMG injections for 2 days to the 21-day old rats in order to get the first new corpola lutea in their lives. Four days prolactin injections were begun 5 days after HMG administrations. Autopsy was done 24 hours after the final injections (31 day old). After ovaries were fixed in Bouin's solution for 1 week, corpola lutea were dissected and weighed on a torsion balance. Dose response curve between dose of prolactin and weight of corpola lutea is shown in the following formula. Y=0.568-0.016X. Y stands for weight of corpola lutea and X, dose of prolactin. A correlation index was-0.56 with p≤0.05.

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The diurnal variations in the levels of serum ¹³¹I triiodothyronine resin sponge uptake (T3 RSU), thyroxine and free thyroxine were investigated in this study.
Seven normal eutnyroid volunteers aged 21-25 years, nine nontreated hyperthyroid patients aged 13-47 years and four euthyroid patients (two diabetics, one Parkinsonian and one with drug allergy) aged 33-72 years were employed. The blood samples were drawn every three hours from 18 : 00 for the following 24 hours. T3 RSU, thyroxine, free thyroxine, total protein and hematocrit were measured for each sample. To determine T3 RSU, thyroxine and free thyroxine, the Triosorb kit, the Tetrasorb kit and the modified Sterling's method were used respectively and T7 value was calculated using the following fermula : Thyroxine X T3 RSU/100. In order to minimize influence of posture and diet, the volunteers were required to take meals regularly at 18 : 00, 8 : 00 and noon and to take sleep between 21 : 00 and 6 : 00.
In normal euthyroid volunteers, a statistically significant decrease in serum total protein were noted between 24 : 00 and 6 : 00, whereas there were no significant fluctuations in nontreated hyperthyroid and other euthyroid patients, There were minimal or no variations of hematocrit in normal euthyroid volunteers, nontreated hyperthyroid and euthyroid patients.
In euthyroid volunteers, a statistically significant fluctuation in T3 RSU was observed during sleep, whereas serum thyroxine, free thyroxine and T7 value were not fluctuated significantly during the same period. Correcting these values for total protein, it was found that the increase in T3 RSU observed during sleep disappeared completely, but serum thyroxine, free thyroxine and T7 value at the same period tended to be higher than those during the day.
In nontreated hyperthyroid and euthyroid patients, there was no significant fluctuation in T3 RSU, but a slight decrease was observed during sleep in thyroxine, free thyroxine and T7 value with or without correction for total protein.
From these data, it is concluded that in normal euthyroid subjects there is a diurnal fluctuation in T3 RSU with its peak during sleep, and there tended to be a slight increase in the level of thyroxine during the same period, although no apparent diurnal rhythm was observed without correction for total protein. The increase in T3 RSU during sleep may be chiefly due to the dilution of blood, but it is quite probable that the increased amount of thyroxine may be in some part responsible to the increase in T3 RSU.

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