Folia Endocrinologica Japonica
Online ISSN : 2186-506X
Print ISSN : 0029-0661
ISSN-L : 0029-0661
Volume 36, Issue 12
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
  • Nobuyoshi OJI
    1961 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 1944-1951,1937
    Published: March 20, 1961
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The influence of testosterone and β-androstanolone on gluconeogenesis from alanine in liver slices, and on the activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase was studied in rats with experimental diabetes. Amino acid tolerance test was performed in normal adults and in patients with diabetes mellitus or those treated with glucocorticoid. The following results were obtained
    1) The gluconeogenesis from alanine in liver slices, the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and transaminase were found to be increased in steroid diabetic rats compared with in alloxan diabetic rats.
    2) The formation of citrate in liver slices was depressed by previous treatments using cortisone, testosterone or β-androstanolone.
    3) The increase in gluconeogenesis and activities of glucose-6-phosphatase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase reduced by the simultaneous administration of testosterone or β-androstanolone in steroid diabetic rats, although in normal rats and in rats with alloxan diabetes, such treatment showed no significant influence on these factors.
    4) Following the intravenous injection of amino acids, increasing rate of blood amino nitrogen and that of the excretion of amino nitrogen and pyruvate were greater in patients with diabetes mellitus and in those treated with glucocorticoids compared with normal adults. This data may suggest that the disturbance in the utilization of amino acids existed in diabetes mellitus. In patients with diabetes mellitus, daily administration of β-androslanolone caused a decrease in the rise of blood sugar, blood amino nitrogen and urinary amino nitrogen following amino acid loading.
    The clinical application of these findings was also discussed.
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  • Kazuo TAKEBE
    1961 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 1952-1965,1937
    Published: March 20, 1961
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The influence of thyroid hormone on secretory activity of adrenal cortex and cortisol metabolism was studied clinically and experimtntally.
    Base levels of plasma cortisol were within normal range regardless of thyroid functions in 6 hyper-Rate of clearance of cortisol from the body was accelerated by thyroid hormone either in reduction and conjugation by human liver or in renal clearance of guinea pigs.
    Hyperactivity of adrenal cortex in hyperthyroidism, and diminished adrenal activity in myxedema, seem to be an expression of feed back mechanism of anterior pituitary to maintain a constant plasma level of cortisol as suggested previouly by DiRaimondo, Peterson and other investigator. There was some evidence of exhaustion in secretory activity of adrenal cortex in hyperthyroidism due to over doses of ACTH stimulation.
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  • Koji KIDO
    1961 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 1966-1985,1939
    Published: March 20, 1961
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    On the subject of the secretory mechanism of the thyroid stimulating hormone in the anterior pituitary, there still remains a number of unsolved problems.
    To clarify one of the aspects, the author has attempted an investigation of TSH content in the pituitary gland which was assayed by the modified Greenspan method and histochemical studies of the pituitary under the various experimental conditions in female rats.
    The results are summarized as follows :
    A) Radiothyroidectomized female rats.
    1) The anterior pituitary gland showed remarkable hypertrophy after the radiothyroidectomy and TSH content of the pituitary of the radiothyroidectomized rat was as shown in Table 1.
    2) On the histochemical observation, the acidophils were distinctly decreased in number for 7 days after the radiothyroidectomy and these were quite difficult to distinguish from the chromophobes after 30 days, whereas the basophils were increased in size and number after the radiothyroidectomy.
    Sixty days after the radiothyroidectomy, the thyroidectomy cells appeared, containing coarse, dense granules, (T granules) which give an intense reaction with the periodic acid-Schiff reagent for carbohydrate, and at the same time there appeared a few chromophobes with the protoplasm which has an affinity for staining.
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  • Report 1. On the Adreno-cortical Function of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
    Masanori AWAI
    1961 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 1986-1995,1941
    Published: March 20, 1961
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    For investigating the adreno-cortical function of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the plasma cortisol and the urinary 17-OHCS were measured by Sweat and Takeda's method and by (chiefly) Honda's method respectively in a number of patients divided into three groups according to the classification of the American National Tuberculosis Association. The measurement was repeated after intramuscular injection of ACTH-Z (20mg) and after dropwise intravenous infusion of ACTH (20mg).
    The average plasma cortisol values were 9.2 ± 1.9μg, 8.0 ± 0.3μg, 6.3 ±0.9μg and 4.6 ± 0.6μg per deciliter respectively in normal subjects, mild cases, moderately advanced cases and far advanced cases. The corresponding figures for the urinary 17-OHCS were 4.2 ± 0.3mg, 3.1 ± 0.5mg, 2.8 ± 0.4.mg and 1.6 ± 0.2mg per day respectively. Thus the values, for either substance in tuberculous subjects lie in the lower border of the normal range or below it.
    The rise of plasma cortisol value following the intramuscular injection of ACTH-Z was seen to be slower in the two advanced categories than in the mild cases and the normal subjects, and the increase of excretion of 11-OHCS resulting from the same treatment was seen to be sharp in the normal subjects, less marked in mild and moderately advanced cases, very slight in far advanced ones, and the increase appearing later in more advanced cases.
    After the intravenous infusion of ACTH, the rise of plasma cortisol value was somewhat smaller in mild and moderate cases than in normal subjects and very slight in far advanced cases.
    Thus, the more advanced the disease is, the smaller are the plasma cortisol and the urinary 17 OHCS values, and due to the administration of ACTH or ACTH-Z the smaller are the changes of these values.
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  • TSH metobolism in the thyroid and peripheral tissues and the extraction of TSH from the blood and urine
    Yukio OCHI
    1961 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 1996-2012,1941
    Published: March 20, 1961
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1) I131-TSH (inactivated) accumulated mainly in the liver and kidney, but did not accumulate in the thyroid gland, orbital tissue, thymus, lymphoid tissue, adrenal, ovary, uterus and muscle after I131-TSH injection in mice and rats.
    2) P131-TSH was destroyed in the liver and kidney slices during the incubation.
    3) I131-TSH did not accumulate in the rabbit's thyroid, but free I131 which was made from I131-TSH was uptaken by the thyroid gland in the lapse of the time.131The appearance rate of the free I131 made from P131-TSH in the blood and its uptake of thyroid were faster in the patient with hyperthyroidism than normal subject.
    4) The half-time of the disappearence of I131-TSH in the blood was as follows : 131 in rabbits 1.5-2.0 h in normal subjects 2.5-3.5 h in hyperthyroidism 1.5 h
    5) The half-time of the disappearence of I131-TSH was the same in normal as in thyroidectomized rabbit.
    6) The. recovery percentage of TSH by Fellinger's method, which was examined by I131-TSH (Pretiron) as a indicator, was about 30%, and by Ueda's modification was 38%, and by the author's method (using the serum) was 55-60%.
    By the author's modification, ACTH was extracted ea. 40% in this TSH fraction which was examined by I131-ACTH.
    It was suspected that ACTH also contaminated in this TSH fraction by Fellinger's modification.
    The recovery percentage of TSH which was extracted from the urine was about 50% by Cope's method.
    7) TSH fraction obtained by Column chromatography (Amberlite IRC-50) was also very crude TSH and was contaminated with many substances, i.e. ACTH & Insulin.
    8) It was suspected that the iodination reaction of TSH in vivo performed mainly in the thyroid cells.
    9) From these results the following hypothesis is proposed, i.e. TSH which is secreted from hypophysis stimulate the thyroid cells, and acceralate the iodine metabolism in the gland. Then, TSH itself is inactivated.
    The one type of the inactivation of TSH is “iodinated-TSH”. Thiouracil is the inhibitory action on the production of this “iodinated-TSH” by its reductive reaction, on the other hand maintains the activity of TSH.
    The “iodinated-TSH” is not destroyed in the thyroid gland, but the “iodinated-TSH” is transported to the peripheral tissues and this is mainly destroyed in the liver and kidney.
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  • Kazuo NAKADA
    1961 Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 2013-2034,1942
    Published: March 20, 1961
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    BZ55 (carbutamide) has been studied in vitro and in vive as a series of the experiment on the hypoglycemic mechanism of sulfonylurea.
    1) BZ55 administered to rabbit was recovered for the most part in the body fluid and the excretion of the agent to be dependent on the kidney on the fact of high concentration of acetylation of the drug in the organ.
    2) The rate of metabolic destruction of BZ55 and the concentration of blood sugar showed to be in a reverse relation and no correlation was found between the blood sugar level and the concentration of the drug in the blood. Thioctic acid, small dosis or large, administered in combination with BZ55 revealed a similar result as by BZ55 alone in connection with the blood sugar level.
    3) BZ55 was found to a large extent bound with red cell protein in an hour after the administration of the drug and the amount bound with the protein was decreased in proportion to the severity of alloxan diabetes.
    4) BZ55 that appeared to be metabolised in the medium added with red blood cell, plasma or Ringer's solution and the metabolism was facilitated by an unknown substance (probably insulin) in the plasma added.
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