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Volume 69, Issue 9
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Shuichi SIGETOMI, Soitsu FUKUCHI1993 Volume 69 Issue 9 Pages 953-962
Published: October 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDopamine has been well recognized to be a precursor of norepinephrine, exhibiting cardiovascular effects through α-adrenoceptor stimulation by norepinephrine production and release in sympathetic nerve endings. It also has the specific and unique effects of natriuresis and vasodilatation. Since dopamine is one of the important endogeneous hypotensive and natriuretic substances, it is speculated that impaired dopamine generation and/or the disturbance of the effects of dopamine could cause hypertension with suppression of plasma renin activity and/or salt-sensitivity. A non-specific enzyme of aromatic L-amine acid decarboxylase (AAAD) converting from 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to dopamine is widely distributed in the peripheral tissue, e. g. the sympatho-adrenomedullay system, the small intestine, the lung, the liver, the kidney, etc. Since tyrosine hydroxylase is a rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine biosynthesis, DOPA generation in the neuronal tissues is accelerated with the sympathetic nerve activation by stress such as emotional and environmental changes, resulting in an increase of DOPA delivery to the non-neuronal tissues containing non-neuronal AAAD. More than five receptors for dopamine are cloned in the brain, and it is suggested that more than three different types of dopamine receptors are in the peripheral tissues. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, the post-receptor defect of renal dopamine D1-receptor has been proposed where peripheral dopamine generation compensatorily increased. In Dahl salt-sensitive rats, another model of genetic hypertension, the blunted response of urinary dopamine to sodium loading has been demonstrated. It is controversial whether abnormalities of the neuronal and/or non-neuronal (particularly renal) dopamine system play a contributory role on the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. However, it is plausible that the impairment of dopamine generation and/or the defective responses of a dopamine receptor might induce sodium retention and hypertension.View full abstractDownload PDF (930K) -
Teruhiko TAMAYA1993 Volume 69 Issue 9 Pages 963-972
Published: October 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdvances in molecular biology contribute to additional precise knowledge of sex steroid biology.
Sex steroids, estrogens, androgens, and progesterone can exert their characteristic biological effects via cellular mechanism on their targets.
Sex steroids are derived from the gonads and interact with SHBG or CBG, which is located in the serum, on the plasma-membrane and in the cytoplasm. They exert their known biological effects via interaction with cellular components such as the plasma membrane, the cytoplasmic component, the nuclear receptor, and the nuclear matrix.
Estrogens and androgens are detected in the serum of both sexes, which shows the necessity of both steroids for the expression of either sex characteristics.
Sex steroids and their metabolites can demonstrate individually different biological effects, suggesting the presence of the individual receptors. The presence of cooperative effects among each steroid induces complexity in the evaluation of each steroid effect.
As to the imbalance of the effects of sex steroids, the predominance of estrogens induces female dimorphism of autoimmune diseases and the protective effects on psychoneurological diseases, and that of androgens does the reverse. The continuous exposure to estrogens (and androgens) may induce benign and malignant tumors in their target organs. Various mutations mainly in sex steroid receptor genes, and other unknown abnormalities cause sex steroid resistance, e. g. male pseudohermaphroditism and uterine dysfunction. Finally, climacteric disorders are derived from estrogen-deficiency and can be managed by estrogens under the milieu of an expanded lifespan.View full abstractDownload PDF (732K) -
Takehiko KOSHI, [in Japanese]1993 Volume 69 Issue 9 Pages 973-988
Published: October 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of verapamil on insulin secretion in the presence of IBMX was studied in B cells in pancreatic monolayer cultures of the neonatal rat using a perifusion system.
For the initial three days, B cells were exposed to a medium of either 5.5 or 11.1mM glucose and 10μM iodoacetic acid (IAA) after which they were exposed to a medium of either 5.5 or 11.1mM glucose until day 7. Insulin secretion of B cells in medium of 5.5mM glucose (day7) was not affected by IBMX, and the observations showed that verapamil significantly suppressed the secretion of insulin. However, the second phase of secretion was significantly increased by verapamil and IBMX. In contrast, insulin secretion of B cells exposed to a medium of 11.1mM glucose (day7) showed similar trends, but the second phase secretion was increased further by verapamil in the presence of IBMX. The total amount of secretion was 2.3 times (125.5ng/ml) the secretion of cells exposed to low concentration of glucose (day7).
These results show that there is a possibility that in the presence of IBMX, verapamil, which is known to be a Ca2+ channel antagonist, shows the action of a Ca2+ channel agonist and promotes the secretion of insulin. Moreover, there were indications that a high concentration of glucose in culture affects functional maturation and functional differentiation of pancreatic B cells of neonatal rats and impairs the intra-cellular signal transduction system.View full abstractDownload PDF (1552K) -
Yutaka MORI, Junichi YOKOYAMA, Masami NEMOTO, Masahiko NISHIMURA, Yosh ...1993 Volume 69 Issue 9 Pages 989-996
Published: October 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the effect of 1α-OH-D3 on diabetic osteopenia in spontaneously-developed diabetic WBN/Kob rats. Diabetic male WBN/Kob rats aged 12 to 15 months were randomly divided into 1α-OH-D3-treated group (n=6) and control group (n=5). 1α-OH-D3 was administered 3 times a week at an oral dose of 0.1μg/kg and triglyceride was administered in the control group during the observation period of 12 weeks. Although plasma Ca level decreased significantly in the vehicle-treated group, there was no significant change in plasma Ca level in the 1α-OH-D3-treated group. Urinary Ca excretion significantly increased in the 1α-OH-D3-treated group compared with that in the vehicle-treated group. As for plasma vitamin D metabolites levels after the 12 week-treatment, although there was no significant difference in plasma 25-OH-D and 24,25(OH)2D levels, plasma 1,25 (OH)2D level was significantly increased in the 1α-OH-D3-treated group compared with that in the vehicle-treated group. There was no significant difference in plasma bone-Gla protein level between 1α-OH-D3-treated and vehicle-treated groups. As for bone mineral content (BMC) in the femur measured by a dual energy absorptiometer, BMC was significantly increased in the 1α-OH-D3-treated group compared with than in the vehicle-treated group.
In conclusion, 1α-OH-D3 ameliorated diabetic osteopenia in WBN/Kob rats through the normalization of vitamin D metabolism.View full abstractDownload PDF (728K) -
Toshihiko HISAOKA, Naoko MOMOTANI, Hiroshi YOSHIMURA, Naofumi ISHIKAWA ...1993 Volume 69 Issue 9 Pages 997-1002
Published: October 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, we report on a 40-year-old female with subacute thyroiditis (SAT) who showed high levels of TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (TBII) and thyroid-stimulation blocking antibodies (TSBAb) from the early stage of the disease. Thyrotoxicosis continued for 2 months and it was subsequently followed by severe hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine was then started. At that time, both TBII and TSBAb were still positive, but they disappeared 6 months later and she remained euthyroid thereafter without treatment. When she was in a thyrotoxic phase and had a suppressed TSH level, her 24-hour radioiodine uptake was not suppressed (11%), and thyroid scan showed partial suppression of uptake in the right lobe.
These observations indicate that the presence of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) may have modified the changes in thyroid state and the course of SAT.View full abstractDownload PDF (839K) -
Yasuhiro OHNO, Kazuya IIO, Minoru IMAMURA, Norihiko AOKI1993 Volume 69 Issue 9 Pages 1003-1012
Published: October 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA sixty-one-year-old female was admitted to our hospital in October 1988 because of fever and a right neck mass associated with redness and tenderness. The size of the thyroid mass had gradually increased over 3 months. Two masses were detected in the thyroid by ultrasonography and MRI. She has positive thyroid autoantibodies, high CRP levels and high erythrocyte sedimentation rates. While she had normal white blood cell counts, massive neutrophils were obtained from her thyroid mass by aspiration biopsy, indicating acute suppurative thyroiditis. However, we could not find any bacteria to cause suppurative thyroiditis either in the blood or in thyroid aspirates. Serum levels of thyroid hormone were slightly elevated but she did not complain of any thyrotoxic symptoms. Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) of the thyroid gland was markedly decreased (2%/24h). Following treatment with antibiotics, her inflammation and symptoms immediately improved, and pus spontaneously ran from the collapsed thyroid mass. Then serum thyroid hormone levels and RAIU were normalized and the right thyroid mass disappeared. She was discharged in December 1988. There were no signs of recurrence of suppurative thyroiditis until now. She received a pharyngo-esophageal barium examination in search of the route of infection 4 times, but no fistula was revealed. However, as her left thyroid mass consistently remained thereafter, an operation of the left thyroid mass was performed in December 1989. The histologic examination of the resected thyroid revealed the coexistence of encapsulated follicular adenoma, minute papillary carcinoma and chronic thyroiditis. There are few reports of such a case having a combination of suppurative thyroiditis, thyroid cancer and chronic thyroiditis observed in an elderly female.View full abstractDownload PDF (4051K) -
Special Reference to Normal White Blood Cell Count AgranulocytosisJunichi TAJIRI, Shiro NOGUCHI, Mitsuo MORITA, Masaaki TAMARU, Nobuo MU ...1993 Volume 69 Issue 9 Pages 1013-1016
Published: October 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis retrospective study was aimed at establishing the importance of the leukocyte differentiated count and not only routine white blood cell count in patients treated with antithyroid drug. From 1975 to September 1992, 77 patients with antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis were examined. In 12 patients (15.6%), the total white blood cell (WBC) count was greater than 3000/mm3. Eight of them showed a downward trend in their leukocyte counts (3000-4000/mm3). Consequently, granulocyte counts were measured. Two of the 12 patients had “symptomatic” agranulocytosis detected after the occurrence of infection. Because antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis was strongly suspected, granulocyte counts were checked. In the remaining two patients, the total WBC count was 5700/mm3 and 5900/mm3, respectively. One was hospitalized to receive thyroid surgery. Although she was asymptomatic, agranulocytosis was unexpectedly detected on a routine preoperative examination. The other was diagnosed as agranulocytosis by routine WBC and granulocyte count monitoring since June 1989. Correct diagnosis was based on the leukocyte differentiated counts.
We concluded that the leukocyte differentiated count and not only routine white blood count was critically important for the correct diagnosis of antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis in patients with Graves' disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (410K) -
Kohzo AISAKA, Sachie KANEDA, Hiroo TSUZUKI, Yohko TORIYA, Kentaro KOKU ...1993 Volume 69 Issue 9 Pages 1017-1027
Published: October 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that the transient excessive increase of serum prolactin level is harmful for the mechanism of ovulation or the steroidogenesis of the ovaries. The pathogenesis of latent or occult hyperprolactinemia (OHP) has been investigated recently. The present study was conducted to determine the diagnostic standard of OHP, and to elucidate the efficacy of bromocriptine administration for the treatment of OHP and other ovulatory disturbances.
110 cases of hypothalamic anovulations were selected from 385 cases of infertile patients by the LH-RH and TRH loading tests. Bromocriptine (5mg/day) was administered to all of the subjects for more than three months, and the efficacy of the bromocriptine administration was investigated. Follicular development was observed by transvaginal ultrasonography (mature follicular diameters?20mm), and also luteal function was estimated by the duration of the luteal phase in the BBT charts (high phase?12 days), the mid-luteal serum estradiol (?200pg/ml) and progesterone (?10ng/ml) levels. The subjects were divided into two groups: group A, bromocriptine effective patients (63 cases) and group B, bromocriptine non effective patients (47 cases). The results of the LH-RH and TRH loading tests were compared between these two groups.
Serum prolactin levels at 30 min. after TRH loading (PRL30) in group B (61.5±28.3 vs. 38.0±19.3ng/ml, p<0.01). At the cut-off points of 50, 60 and 70ng/ml over in the values of the PRL, the efficacies of the bromocriptine administration were 77.4, 78.9 and88.5%, respectively. From these facts, it was thought suitable that the diagnostic standard of OHP was PRL30?70ng/ml, and values of PRL30 from 50 to 70ng/ml were borderline cases of OHP.
The efficacy of the bromocriptine administration in the cases without OHP (n=57) was also investigated. Serum LH levels at 30 min. after LH-RH loading (LH30) were compared between the cases of the bromocriptine effective (n=22) and non effective (n=35). As a result, the LH30 of the former was significantly higher than that of the latter (96.5±64.2 vs. 45.1±31.5mIU/ml, p<0.005).
In conclusion, the diagnostic standard of OHP was determined as PRL30?70ng/ml (borderline: 50>70ng/ml), and bromocriptine administration was effective not only in cases of OHP, but also in cases of hyperreactivities of LH (so-called endocrinological PCOD).View full abstractDownload PDF (944K)
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