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Volume 59, Issue 1
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Akihiko KUMAI, Haruyoshi SOH, Shinobu SAKAMOTO, Yoshihito TAI, Shuji S ...1983 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
Published: January 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsolation of progesterone secreting cells from the ovaries of immature rats pretreated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMS) was conducted by a simple procedure which combined the collagenase digestion with a density gradient method. After digestion of the ovarian tissue slices by the enzyme, the residue was gently pressed and placed on a sucrose density gradient. Three bands appearing in the tube after centrifugation were designated as S-1, S-2 and S-3 from the top to the bottom, respectively. The S-1 cells from the ovaries at 6 days after PMS secreted the greatest amount progesterone, i.e. approximately 430ng per 105 cells during the 18th incubation. Progesterone secretion from the S-2 cells was less than 48% of that from the S-1 cells. A physiological interrelation between the S-1 and S-2 cells remains unexplained by the present experiment. The luteal cells were yellow, spheroidal and 15 to 40μ in diameter. Many vesicle like particles were found on the cell surfaces. Progesterone secretion from the prepared cells was stimulated significantly by hCG in vitro. This result indicates that progesterone secreting cells isolated by the collagenase-sucrose density gradient preserve their native function as luteal cells.
The procedure for preparation of luteal cells in the present report may provide a suitable model for in vitro studies on the corpus luteum.View full abstractDownload PDF (1338K) -
Tomoko TAKAMI, Tadashi TEZUKA, Hideaki MANITA, Akira KAMBEGAWA1983 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 10-19
Published: January 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simple and rapid radioimmunoassay (RIA) without extraction or purification was developed for Total Estrogen (conjugated and unconjugated estrogen) in urine from normal men and nonpregnant women.
Antiserum used to RIA was produced by immunizing rabbits with estriol-16α-glucuronide (E2-16-G) -BSA conjugates. Antiserum to E3-16-G.BSA significantly cross-reacted with E1 (100%), E2 (100%), E3 (100%), E3-16-G (100%), and E3-17-G (100%) and did not react with other conjugated estrogen in urine.
Urinary estrogen glucuronides and sulfates were gently hydrolyzed by β-glucuronidase from Helix pomatia juice for 2hr (48°C) without inhibition, and hydrolysis urine was directly applied to RIA.
The results obtained from this direct method correlated well with the chromatographic purificating method, the extracting method and the Brawn-Kambegawa method (colorimetric method).
This direct method is very useful for clinical application.View full abstractDownload PDF (772K) -
Kazuo MUTA, Toshio MAKI, Ken-ichi KATO, Hiroshi IBAYASHI1983 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 20-30
Published: January 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the age-related changes in serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) secretion in men, serum basal 17-OHP levels were determined in 203 healthy male subjects from 10 months to 116 years of age, and serum 17-OHP responses to dexamethasone (Dex), fluoxymesterone (FM), HCG and ACTH were compared between the young and elderly groups. The mean basal 17-OHP level remarkably increased from pubescence to the third decade and gradually decreased with advance in age after fifty. Basal serum 17-OHP level was correlated more closely with serum testosterone (T) than cortisol (F), and was suppressed more remarkably after the administration of FM than Dex in both groups. Serum 17-OHP increased with 2 peaks at 6 and 24 hours after HCG injection, and serum 17-OHP response to HCG was significantly greater in the young than in the elderly group. Further-more, in the aged subjects with low serum T levels, serum 17-OHP response to HCG was remarkably decreased. Within 3 hours after ACTH injection, serum 17-OHP response to ACTH was significantly lower in the elderly than in the young group. On the other hand, 12 hours after ACTH administration, serum 17-OHP response was remarkably greater in the elderly group, and the F/17-OHP ratio was significantly lower than in the young. These data indicate a decline of Leydig cell function in the testis of the elderly male and also suggest the occurrence of enzyme deficiencies, especially impaired C17, 20 lyase activity, in adrenal steroid hormone synthesis with aging.View full abstractDownload PDF (957K) -
Toshio MORISE1983 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 31-44
Published: January 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAldosterone production following ACTH administration has been shown to be enhanced in sodium depletion. The mechanism (s) for this, however, is not entirely clear. Meanwhile, prostaglandins of the E series have been shown to stimulate steroidogenesis and urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 and F2α in man, and PGI2 in the aortic wall of rats has been shown to increase in sodium depletion.
In view of the above findings the present study was undertaken to evaluate the involvement of the endogenous prostaglandins in the augmentation of ACTH-induced aldosterone response during acute sodium depletion. Captopril was administered to elucidate the influence of the renin-angiotensin system (250mg q.i.d.) and Indomethacin (Ind) to suppress the production of the endogenous prostaglandins (200mg q.i.d.). Group I were on a diet containing 200mEq/day sodium and sodium depletion was achieved by a low sodium diet containing 60mEq/day sodium and oral treatment of fulosemide 80mg for 1 day (groups II, III and IV). Ind was given in group II, Ind + captopril in group III and captopril in group IV. The i.m. administration of 250μg ACTH was performed at 0800-0900h.
Body weight, serum sodium and potassium levels on the day of the experiment were significantly lower in groups II, III and IV versus group I. Basal PRA. in groups III and IV were more significantly elevated than groups I and II. Basal plasma 6-keto-PGF1α levels were significantly lower than in the Ind pretreated groups (II, III). There were no significant differences between baseline plasma aldosterone and cortisol concentrations.
In groups I, II and III, plasma aldosterone increased from baseline levels to 182%, 134%, 193% respectively, following the ACTH administration, and there were no significant differences in mean increment among the three groups. In group IV, however, plasma aldosterone increased from 6.4 ± 0.9 ng/dl to 32.1 ± 4.9ng/dl and 26.1 ± 3.9 ng/dl at 30 and 60 min. after the ACTH administration respectively, a mean increment of 468%. This response was significantly greater than those of the three other groups. Plasma cortisol response to ACTH administration was similar in all four groups. The augmented response to ACTH was not affected by angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril however, significantly reduced the response in Ind pretreated groups.
It is suggested that endogenous prostaglandins may modulate augmented ACTH induced aldosterone response in a sodium depleted state in man.View full abstractDownload PDF (1200K) -
(II) Excretion in Hypertensive Patients with Special Reference to the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone SystemKenji MIZUNO, Takahisa TOKI, Mitsuhiro GOTOH, Junichiroh MATSUI, Kenji ...1983 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 45-52
Published: January 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUrinary angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) excretion was determined in 5 normal subjects and 37 hypertensive patients, of whom 31 had essential hypertension, 5 had chronic glomerulonephritis and 1 had renovascular hypertension.
Urinary ACE excretion was 229.6± 73.9 units/day (mean ± S.D.) in the normal subjects, 244.6 ± 227.0 units/day in the patients with essential hypertension, 380.0 ± 177.3 units/day in the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis, and 324.0 units/day in the patient with renovascular hypertension. Renin activity and aldosterone concentration in plasma were 1.53 ± 0.88 ng/ml/h and 10.1 ± 5.5ng/dl in the normal subjects, 0.87 ± 0.55 ng/ml/h and 7.3 ± 5.7ng/dl in the patients with essential hypertension, 1.54 ± 1.85ng/ml/h and 4.1 ± 2.4ng/dl in the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis, and 12.1ng/ml/h and 25.5 ng/dl in the patient with renovascular hypertension, respectively. There was no significant relationship between urinary ACE excretion and plasma renin activity or plasma aldosterone concentration in either the normal subjects or the hypertensive patients. Urinary sodium excretion was 148.4 ± 27.1mEq/day in the normal subjects, 148.2 ± 58.2 mEq/day in the patients with essential hypertension, 175.5 ± 30.9 mEq/day in the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis, and 120.5mEq/day in the patient with renovascular hypertension. There was a significant correlation between urinary sodium excretion and urinary ACE excretion in the hypertensive patients (r=0.70, p<0.001), while there was no significant correlation between urinary ACE excretion and urinary potassium or creatinine excretion (r =0.19 for urinary potassium excretion; r= 0.13 for urinary creatinine excretion).
From these results, it is suggested that urinary ACE, which may originate from the kidney, plays a possible role in sodium excretion in cooperation with the renal kallikreinkinin system in hypertensive patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (660K) -
Shuzo HIRAKAWA1983 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 53-63
Published: January 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThyroid microsomal antigen was studied using sera from rats immunized with solubilized human thyroid microsomal fraction. The methods used were gel immunodiffusion and the fluorescent antibody technique (FAT).
Kidney, liver and thyroid microsomal fractions were solubilized by 0.5% Triton X-100 PBS.
Rat sera immunized with solubilized thyroid microsomal fraction had a few precipitin antibodies to solubilized thyroid microsomal fraction by gel immunodiffusion.
One of the precipitin lines fused in a complete immunological identity with the line of the thyroglobulin-antithyroglobulin system of rabbit serum immunized with purified human thyroglobulin.
One of the precipitin lines fused in a complete immunological identity with the microsome-antimicrosome antibody system of patients' sera with autoimmune thyroid disease. A precipitin line was recognized between solubilized kidney microsomal fraction and rat sera immunized with solubilized thyroid microsomal fraction. This line and a precipitin line of thyroid microsome-antimicrosome antibody system were not identical.
Studies with FAT revealed that rat sera immunized with solubilized thyroid microsomal fraction could not inhibit the binding of FITC labeled patient serum (MCHA titer, 655360) on thyroid tissue section. However, studies with FAT using viable thyroid cells revealed that rat sera immunized with solubilized thyroid microsomal fraction could completely inhibit binding of patients' antibodies on thyroid cell surface whereas rat sera immunized with solubilized kidney or liver microsomal fractions were not inhibitory.
The present results revealed that : 1) Rat sera immunized with solubilized thyroid microsomal fraction had a few precipitin antibodies. 2) One was an antithyroglobulin anti body, one was an antithyroid microsome antibody, and the rest were antibodies to organ nonspecific antigen. 3) One of the precipitin antibodies of rat sera immunized with solubilized thyroid microsomal fraction fused in a complete immunological identity with the microsome-antimicrosome antibody system of patients' sera with autoimmune thyroid disease. 4) By studies with FAT, rat sera immunized with solubilized thyroid microsomal fraction could not inhibit the binding of the antibodies of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease on thyroid tissue section, but could inhibit binding of the antibodies on viable thyroid cell surface. 5) It was suspected that a part of cytoplasmic autoantigens were displayed on the cell surface.View full abstractDownload PDF (1636K) -
Shigeki SAKATA, Shigenori NAKAMURA, Noriko KOJIMA, Makio OKUYAMA, Kiyo ...1983 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 64-71
Published: January 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently we reported anti-thyroid hormone antibodies in two cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and one case of Graves' disease. In order to elucidate the immunological mechanism (s) of production of anti-thyroid hormone antibodies, animal studies using outbred rabbits and inbred mice were performed.
Two rabbits (TG-1, TG-2) were immunized with human thyroglobulin and bled serially. In both rabbits production of anti-human thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid hormone antibodies such as thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and 3, 3', 5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) were observed. These results suggested to us the presence of the immune response gene (s) which controls the immune response against human thyroglobulin and thyroid hormones.
Accordingly, fifteen strains of mice which had different Ig h allotypes and H-2 loci were immunized with human thyroglobulin and antibody activities against human thyroglobulin as well as thyroid hormones were examined. Although there were high and low responders, all strains of mice produced anti-human thyroglobulin antibodies. Among them, some strains of mice were high responders against T4 and T3. There was no high responder against rT3.
These experimental results clearly indicate the presence of immune response gene (s) in mice against human thyroglobulin and thyroid hormones. The significance of the genetic control of the immune response against thyroid hormones in relation to the presence of antithyroid hormones antibodies in various thyroidal disorders was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (763K) -
Osamu FUKINO, Hajime TAMAI, Tadataka KIMURA, Tetsuya NAKAGAWA, Shouich ...1983 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 72-80
Published: January 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProgressive exophthalmos associated with Graves' disease has been refractory to any form of treatment. Recently we experienced two cases of malignant exophthalmos, one of which was the acute progressive type, the other the chronic type. In both of them, plasma exchange was carried out. We report the effects of plasma exchange upon these patients.
Case 1) A 64-year-old man suddenly presented severe progressive exophthalmos (exophthalmometry : right 24.5mm, left 24.5mm) in November 1980. In view of the relentless progress of exophthalmos and corneal ulceration, he was admitted to our hospital in July 1981 for plasma exchange. Case 2) A 34-year-old woman had pretibial myxoedema, palpitation and tremor with diffuse goiter in September 1973. However, 2 years later malignant exophthalmos (exophthalmometry : right 24mm, left 25mm) appeared. At present, she has maintained a euthyroid state despite the termination of drugs, but eye signs and pretibial myxoedema have not disappeared at all. Plasma exchange was undertaken in June 1981.
Plasma exchange was performed in the antecubital vein by use of an IBM 2997 blood cell separator. Four exchanges were performed in three weeks. At each session 2L of plasma was removed and exchanged for the same volume of 4.5% albumin solution.
In case 1 exophthalmos had slightly diminished (rt 23.0mm, lt 23.0mm) after the fourth exchange. Consequently, right after the plasma exchange the patient was given predonisolone (50mg/day). Four weeks after the administration of predonisolone, exophthalmos had markedly diminished (rt 21.5mm, lt 21.5mm). The improvement of exophthalmometry has been maintained for six months. In Case 2 exophthalmos was improved about 2mm by exophthalmometry and the pretibial myxoedema had diminished after plasma exchange. But exophthalmos returned six months later. In both cases the plasma IgG concentration and long acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) concentration rapidly and concomitantly decreased about 60% compared with the previous results of plasma exchange, but the TDI index did not change significantly. Serum T4, r-T3 and TBG decreased significantly after plasma exchange, but serum T3 and free T4 did not change significantly.
In conclusion, plasma exchange is a useful adjunct to the treatment of Graves' disease in which especially acute progressive exophthalmos or pretibial myxoedema is severe and uncontrollable.View full abstractDownload PDF (736K) -
Chiaki SHIGEMASA, Sumiko ONOYAMA, Yukari OKAMURA, Akio YOSHIDA, Hiroto ...1983 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 81-90
Published: January 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to determine the frequency of thyroxine (T4) toxicosis and study the possibility of usefulness for differentiation between thyrotoxic Graves' disease and destructioninduced thyrotoxicosis, the serum concentrations of T4, triiodothyronine (T3), reverse T3 (rT3), and T4-binding globulin (TBG) and the values of T3-uptake and radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) were measured, and free, T4 index (FT4I), free T3 index (FT3I) and serum ratios of T3 to T4 (T3 /T4 ratio) and T3 to rT3 (T3 /rT3 ratio) were calculated in 92 untreated patients with thyrotoxic Graves' diseas (16 with other systemic illnesses and 4 who were pregnant) and 14 patients with destruction-induced thyrotoxicosis (4 with subacute thyroiditis, 8 with postpartum transient thyrotoxicosis, 1 with silent thyroiditis and 1 with chronic thyroiditis with subacute aggravation). The serum concentrations of T4 and T3 and the values of FT4 I, FT3 I, T3/T4 ratio and T3 /rT3 ratio were significantly lower in Graves' patients complicated with other systemic illnesses than those in Graves' patients without any complication. The serum concentrations of T4, T3, rT3 and TBG and the values of FT4 I, FT3 I, T3 /T4 ratio, T3 /rT3 ratio and RAIU in elderly (over the age of 61 years) patients with Graves' disease without any complication were not significantly different from those in young (under 60) patients with Graves' disease without any complication. Although the serum concentration of TBG was significantly higher and the T3/T4 ratio was significantly lower in pregnant Graves' patients than those in Graves' patients without any complication, there was no significant difference in the T3 /rT3 ratio between the two groups. The T3 /T4 ratio was significantly lower in patients with subacute thyroiditis and postpartum transient thyrotoxicosis than that in Graves' patients without any complication, but there were no significant differences in the serum concentration of TBG and T3 /rT3 ratio between the two groups. Fourteen of 72 (19.4%) Graves' patients without any complication, 13 of 16 (81.2%) Graves' patients with complications, 3 of 4 (75.0%) patients with subacute thyroiditis and 4 of 8 (50.0%) patients with postpartum transient thyrotoxicosis had a low T3 /T4 ratio (ng/μg) of less than 20. On the other hand, 4 of 72 (5.6%) Graves' patients without any complication and 13 of 16 (81.2%) Graves' patients with complications had a low T3/rT3 ratio (ng/μg) of less than 2.5. There were no pregnant Graves' patients and no patients with destructioninduced thyrotoxicosis who had a low T3 /rT3 ratio less than 2.5. T4 toxicosis was observed in 9 of 16 Graves' patients with complications and one patient with silent thyroiditis.
T4 toxicosis may be found in the presence of other non-thyroidal illnesses in Graves' patients. The T3 /T4 ratio together with the T3 /rT3 ratio is a simple and useful index for the differentiation of the two types of thyrotoxicosis, but final differentiation should be comfirmed by RAIU.View full abstractDownload PDF (916K) -
Shigeru TSUCHIHASHI1983 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 91-101
Published: January 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn vivo LH-RH.I125, HCG.I125 estradiol-H3 (E2 H3) distributions in tissues with aging of female rats (8-120 weeks) were studied, and the following results were obtained. The distributions were expressed as concentration ratio (cpm/mg tissue to cpm/0.1ml plasma) and organ ratio [cpm/organ (mg) to cpm/0.1ml plasma].
1) The LH-RH·I125 concentration and organ ratio observed in mature rats, was low in the hypothalmus, cerebral cortex and cerebellum, but high only in the pituitary.
2) The LH-RH·I125 concentration and organ ratio in the pituitary through the combined administration with LH-RH 501U was lower by 36% and 47%, respectively than those with a single LH-RH·125 administration.
3) The LH-RH·I125 concentration in the pituitary tended toward a decrement with aging, while the organ ratio did not change.
4) In a subcellular distribution of HCG·I125, approximately 60% of radioactivity in the ovary was distributed in a 3,000 X G pellet, whereas a great part of radioactivity was distributed in a 105 X G supernatant in other organs.
5) The HCG·I125 concentration ratio at 2 hours after the injection was high in the following sequence : ovary, kidney, spleen, liver, etc.
6) The HCG·I125 concentration ratio in 80 week-old ovaries was 80% lower than that of 20 week-old ovaries. However, there was no significant difference in other tissues between both groups.
7) The E2·H3 concentration ratio was high in the pituitary, uterus, Fallopian tube and ovary, moderate in the adrenal and low in the hypothalmus, etc. However, the concentration ratio in the hypothalmus was significantly higher than that of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum.
8) The E2 ·H3 concentration ratio in all target organs tended toward a decrement at 68 weeks. However, the organ ratio did not show any change with aging, except a decrement in the adrenal.
From these results it was revealed that the gonadotropin receptors in the ovary among hormone receptors in organs of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis decrease most markedly in an early stage of senescence in rats.View full abstractDownload PDF (1056K)
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