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Volume 62, Issue 10
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Manabu YOSHIKAWA, Haruhiko SAITO1986 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 1151-1162
Published: October 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), originally isolated from the porcine small intestine, is known to be widely distributed throughout the body including the central and peripheral nervous systems in various species. In the present study, we demonstrated the existence, subcellular distribution and mode of release of VIP-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI) in the bovine adrenal medulla by radioimmunoassay.
In tissue extracts from fresh bovine adrenal medulla, a considerable amount of VIP-LI (101.1 ± 24.3ng/g wet weight) was detected, and its concentration was about 100 times and 30 times higher than those of neurotensin-LI and somatostatin-LI, respectively, on a molar basis. On chromatographic analysis, the majority of adrenal VIP-LI was comfirmed to have the same molecular size as synthetic VIP (1-28), and a small peak of macromolecular VIP-LI corresponding to pro-VIP was also found.
In studies using a retrograde venous perfusion system of the bovine adrenal gland, marked releases of both VIP-LI and catecholamine (CA) were observed immediately after the infusion of potassium solution of a concentration of 56mM in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Ba2+ (2mM) also stimulated the releases of VIP-LI and CA from the adrenal gland. Carbachol (10-4M) stimulated CA secretion as much as high potassium and Ba2+, but the magnitude of VIP-LI release was lower.
The subcellular distribution of VIP in the adrenal medulla was investigated by a method of differential centrifugation and discontinuous density gradient. VIP-LI was mainly found in mitochondrial fraction, which contain mitochondria and synaptosome, while little was found in highly purified chromaffine granule fraction.
These results suggest that VIP in the adrenal gland is mainly localized in the splanchnic nerve endings and may play a role as neurotransmitter/neuromodulator in the adrenal medulla.View full abstractDownload PDF (1108K) -
Shigeru WAKABAYASHI, Shohei KAGAWA, Keiko NAKAO, Akira MATSUOKA1986 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 1163-1180
Published: October 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of glucose concentration in medium on the functional maturation of developing B cells was studied in pancreatic monolayer cultures of the neonatal rat. After a 3-day treatment with 10μM iodoacetic acid in TCM 199 medium containing 5.5mM glucose to selectively delete fibroblasts, the monolayer cultures were kept in the medium with either 5.5mM glucose or 16.7mM glucose for up to a total of 12 days. They were then perifused several times so that the phasic insulin secretion could be examined.
On day 0, untreated B cells showed a monophasic insulin secretion in response to a 16.7mM single dose of glucose, whereas in the presence of 200nM 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate, 10μM forskolin, 1mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine or 40μM lyso-phosphatidylcholine, the same dose of glucose stimulated insulin secretion in a biphasic fashion. Further, 20mg/dl sodium salicylate, 100μM tetracaine or 100μM p-bromophenacylbromide used concurrently with 16.7mM glucose also induced a biphasic insulin secretion, but their ability to stimulate insulin secretion was less than that of the other drugs mentioned above. Also, B cells on day 3 that had been exposed to iodoacetic acid responded to glucose in a similar manner to that of B cells on day 0, and the response to 10mM of either leucine or 2-ketoisocaproate was monophasic.
By contrast, B cells that had been kept in 5.5mM glucose on day 7 responded in a biphasic fashion, not only to 16.7mM glucose but also to 10mM of either leucine or 2-ketoisocaproate. The biphasic pattern evoked by glucose was still preserved in magnitude on day 15, whereas the response to leucine and 2-ketoisocaproate decreased to one-third that of B cells on day 7. On the other hand, when the concentration of 16.7mM glucose was present in the medium, B cells on day 7 showed a biphasic pattern of insulin secretion in response to 16.7mM glucose, although the magnitude of the response was quantitatively less than that of B cells in a physiological concentration of glucose. And again the response to 10mM of either leucine or 2-ketoisocaproate appeared monophasic. On day 15, an increased response to secretagogues with a biphasic pattern of insulin secretion was observed. In conclusion, these results suggest that the functional maturation in vitro of neonatal B cells in a physiological concentration of glucose may be achieved in a shorter period of culture time than in high glucose, and in addition, that high glucose is superior for long-term culture to a physiological concentration of glucose.View full abstractDownload PDF (1648K) -
Norio HIMENO1986 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 1181-1193
Published: October 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCollagen fibers in the ovarian follicle undergo drastic changes at ovulation due to the preovulatory increase of collagenolytic activities. The collagen synthesis in ovaries, however, has not been elucidated yet. To clarify the regulatory role of prostaglandins (PGs) in collagen synthesis of the follicular wall in relation to the ovulatory process, we measured prolyl hydroxylase (PH), as well as lysyl oxidase (LO) activity and the content of hydroxyproline (Hyp) in ovarian follicles of the rabbits treated by hCG, hCG/indomethacin (IM) and hCG/ IM/various PGs. The experimental groups consisted of; 1) untreat control group 2) ovulatory group receiving hCG 3) non-ovulatory group given PGs 4) ovulatory group given hCG and PGs 5) group in which hCG-induced ovulation was inhibited by IM (4mg/kg) 6) group in which IM-inhibited ovulation was recovered by PGF2α (1.5 mg/kg) 7) group in which IM-inhibited ovulation was not restored by PGE1 (0.1mg/kg) and PGE2 (0.7mg/kg). The peak activities of PH and LO in ovarian follicles were observed at 12-13 hr after hCG injection, namely, immediately after ovulation. Significant changes of these activities after hCG administration were specific to the ovaries. PH activity in the ovaries was sup-pressed by the administration of IM, but LO activity was not significantly suppressed.
In the hCG/IM/PGF2α-treated ovulatory rabbits (Group 6), PH activity recovered to nearly the level of the hCG-treated rabbits (Group 2). By addition of PGE2, ovulation did not recover but PH activity was restored to about 70% of the hCG-treated rabbits. PGE1 did not have any effect on the reversal of ovulation-blockage or restoration of PH activity.
The amount of Hyp after hCG administration tended to decrease from 6 hr to 10 hr but was significantly increased from 10 hr to 13 hr. This increase of Hyp after ovulation significantly correlated with the increase of PH and LO activities. In the hCG/IM/PGF2α-treated rabbits (Group 6), the changes of Hyp were similar to those the hCG-treated rabbits (Group 2).
In conclusion, collagen synthetic activity, found to be regulated by PH and LO activities in the ovarian follicles, was activated after follicle rupture, resulting in reconstruction of collagen fibers, and PGs play an important role in the ovulatory process by modifying collagen synthesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1153K) -
Seishi INOUE, Masayuki AZUMA, Toshiaki HIRABAYASHI, Ryouichi YORIFUJI, ...1986 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 1194-1202
Published: October 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor twenty long-term hemodialysis patients with medically uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism, subtotal parathyroidectomy (PTX) was performed and histological examination was done for 17 out of them, suspected of thyroid disease from operative findings. Thyroid carcinomas were found in 5 out of 17 patients by biopsied specimens of thyroids. Histological findings of carcinomas were follicular (2 cases) and papillary types (3 cases). In all cases, carcinomas were in occult state and the sizes of carcinomas of 4 cases were small being a diameter less than 10mm. Among others, findings of follicular adenoma (2 cases) and chronic thyroiditis (1 case) were obtained.
The incidence rate of thyroid carcinoma in this report seemed to be rather high as the incidence diagnosed from biopsied specimen at operation.
Several factors such as immunological incompetence accompanied by renal failure, metabolic abnormalities of cells induced by parathyroid dysfunction and accelerated aging are considered to be involved as a cause of increased incidence of thyroid carcinoma in hemodialysis patients with hyperparathyroidism.View full abstractDownload PDF (1969K) -
Increased Level of Serum 1, 25 (OH) 2 D Concentration and Augmented Intestinal Calcium AbsorptionHisaji OSHIMA, Masao KINOSHITA, Hitomi YOSHIDA, Eizo SAITO1986 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 1203-1211
Published: October 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMyotonic dystrophy (MyD) is a multisystemic disorder characterized by muscle weakness, myotonia, cataract and frontal baldness. Several endocrinological abnormalities are also known in this disorder. Although presence of bone changes, such as hyperostosis, has been frequently reported in MyD patients, there have been few published papers in which calcium metabolism was precisely examined. The present study was designed to elucidate the possibility of the presence of abnormal calcium metabolism in MyD by using the oral calcium tolerance test.
Ten patients with MyD, 11 patients with other neuromuscular disorders (non-MyD) and 9 healthy control subjects were investigated according to the method of Broadus et al. Increments of serum and urinary calcium levels after oral calcium load (1 gram) were determined as indices of intestinal calcium absorption.
There were no significant differences in basal plasma calcium and phosphate levels among the three groups. Plasma 1, 25 (OH) 2D level in MyD (38.0 ± 11.8pg/ml, Mean ± SD) was significantly higher than those in the other two groups (normal subjects 21.8 ± 7.0; P<0.01, non-MyD 21.8 ± 12.0; P<0.01), respectively. In contrast, plasma 25 (OH) D and 24, 25 (OH) 2D levels were not significantly different among these groups. Fasting urinary calcium excretion in both MyD (0.151 ± 0.069mg/100mlGF) and non-MyD (0.141 ± 0.077) was significantly higher than that in normal subjects (0.064 ± 0.048). Calcemic response in MyD (1.08 ± 0.20mg/dl) was significantly increased when compared with that in normal subjects (0.72 ± 0.34, P<0.02) and non-MyD (0.54 ± 0.31, P<0.001). Calciuric response in MyD (0.245 ± 0.110mg/100mlGF) was also higher than that in normal subjects (0.126 ± 0.075, P<0.02) and in non-MyD (0.108 ± 0.074, P<0.01). There were significant correlations between plasma 1, 25 (OH) 2 D levels and calcemic responses, and plasma 1, 25 (OH) 2 D levels and calciuric responses (P<0.02, P<0.05).
The present study shows that intestinal calcium absorption was increased in MyD patients, probably due to the elevation of plasma 1, 25 (OH) 2D level.View full abstractDownload PDF (745K) -
Effects of Androgens on Hypothalamic Aromatase in the Male RatsYasuo TAKAHASHI, Yoshitatsu FUKABORI, Yutaka KABURAGI, Hidetoshi YAMAN ...1986 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 1212-1221
Published: October 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, some studies have found the greatest aromatase activity in brain areas associated with sexual differention and sexual behavior, namely the hypothalamic and limbic structures. We studied the regulation of aromatase activity in the hypothalamic area of male rats, using a sensitive in vitro assay which measures the amount of 3 H2 O formed by tissue homogenates during the conversion of [1β-3 H] androstenedione to estrogen.
After castration, hypothalamic aromatase activity was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and seminal vesicle (SV) and prostate (PR) weights were also significantly decreased (P<0.01). Castrated male rats were given testosterone (T), 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol (A3α), 5α-androstane-3β and 17β-diol (A3β) in various doses (200-1000μg/day) for 10 days, and were given 600μg/day T, DHT, A3α and A3β for various durations (1-10 days). We found that T, DHT and A3α but not A3β reversed the effects of castration on the hypothalamic aromatase activity. The order of this reversible effect of androgens was as follows : T≥DHT>A3α. T, DHT, A3α and A3β increased SV and PR weights, and the order of this effect was as follows : DHT>T>A3α>>A3β.
We administered the antiandrogen (flutamide) to intact male rats (8mg/day for 6 days). Flutamide decreased hypothalamic aromatase activity at the same level as that of castrated rats. Likewise, administration of both flutamide and T to castrated rats blocked the T-induced increase in hypothalamic aromatase activity and accessory sexual organ weight.
From these results, we suggest that T, DHT and A3α regulated hypothalamic aromatase activity, that T was the most effective of the androgens, and that was different from peripheral androgen target organs.View full abstractDownload PDF (895K) -
Hirofumi HAYASHI, Toshio KUSHIRO, Nagao KAJIWARA1986 Volume 62 Issue 10 Pages 1222-1229
Published: October 20, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, the serotonergic nervous system has been receiving attention, as it participates in the hemodynamic regulation as well as in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the role of the central and peripheral seroto-nergic receptor in the hemodynamic responses induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) administration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT).
Eight week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were used, and the experiment was performed under conscious and minimumly restrained states. Five pg of 5-HT was given i.c.v. followed by i.c.v. administration of 200μg ketanserin. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were observed continuously for 30 minutes. Then 5μg of 5-HT was given i.c.v. again in the same rat (SHR -IC group, n = 7; WKY-IC group, n = 7). The rest of the rats received 200pg of ketanserin intravenously (i.v.) after i.c.v. administration of 5pg 5-HT, and the same amount of 5-HT was given i.c.v. after the ketanserin i.v. (SHR-IV group, n =7; WKY-IV group, n =6).
Five-HT elicited a significant pressor response in all groups of rats and a slight nonsignificant increase in HR. In SHR-IC group and WKY-IC group, neither ketanserin i.c.v. nor the second 5-HT i.c.v. administration caused significant changes in MAP and HR. In SHR -IV group, i.v. ketanserin caused a significant decrease in MAP (-8.8 ± 1.4mmHg), but no significant change in MAP in WKY-IV group (-1.1 ± 1.2mmHg). There was a significant increase in MAP after the second i.c.v. administration of 5-HT in SHR-IV group (+26.7 ± 4.1mmHg) and in WKY-IV group (+19.0 ± 1.8mmHg).
Ketanserin is a selective S2 receptor antagonist, and our data indicating that the pressor response to i.c.v. 5-HT administration was abolished by i.c.v. pretreatment with ketanserin and not by the i.v. pretreatment of the drug suggest that the central S2 receptor plays an important role in the hemodynamic change after i.c.v. administration of 5-HT. Although individual variations of HR responses were large, the significant decrease in HR after the i.v. administration of ketanserin may suggest that the serotonergic nervous system participates in the heart rate-controlling mechanism. Since i.v. ketanserin administration caused a significant depressor response in SHR but not in WKY, the peripheral serotonergic nervous system may play a role in the hemodynamic regulation and the pathogenesis of hypertension in SHR.View full abstractDownload PDF (739K)
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