The Flotation Method is known to be an important and interesting industrial process in the separation, recovery and refining of the mixture of several salts, and it should be more widely utilized. The above study was carried out by us as a fundamental experiment in order to explain the mechanism of“flotation”-the effect of pH in soluble salt flotation by observing the hydrophobic extent of soluble salt crystals-using a few surface active agents at soluble potassic salts. The results thus obtained were as follows:
1) Potassic salts belong to the alkaline side in the case of the anionic surface active agents. But they are acidic and are apt to be hydrophobic easily in the case of“the cationic surface active agent.”
2) Potassic salts can be separated and recovered in the side which is more than pH 5 in the case of anionic surface. active agents of Na-lauryl sulfate or Na-dodecylbenzenesulfonate. But they are also apt to be separated and recovered in the side which is below pH 7 in the case of cationic surface active agents of laurylamine acetate or octadecylamine acetate.
3) Our selective separation of the salt from the mixture of several salts in the flotation method was possible only under a certain condition.
In conclusion, it.was proved by us in this case that the relation between the concentration of the surface active agent and critical pH in soluble salt flotation was an important factor.

抄録全体を表示

A national project entitled “SEA WATER DESALTING AND BY-PRODUCT RECOVERY” started in 1969, and a test plant of multi-stage flash evaporators having a capacity of 3,000m³/D was constructed in 1970 and was operated from 1971 to 1973. This paper concerns the data acquisition system which was designed and equipped with a view to operating the test plant for the purpose of obtaining information rather than producing desalted water.
The system was composed of the computer with 8 kilo-word memory, a couple of magnetic tape recorders, an I/O controller and digital measurement instruments.
The system was able to deal with about 200 signals from the plant such as temperature (147 points), pressure (2 points), concentration (9 points), flow rate (16 points), level (16 points) and pH (5 points). The signals were led to the AD converter via the amplifier in accordance with the programmed code for scanning. When the scanning was completed, all the data were tagged and transmitted to the magnetic tape, and some of them were computed and printed out.
For the measurement of temperature, the accuracy at the order of 0.05°C was attained by improving the bridge balancer.
The system was improved to attain the function of running without employing an operator by surmounting the noise and irregular signals, and recorded enormous data in magnetic tapes during the 3 years' operation. The data printed out gave such a sufficient amount of information about the test plant operation that another analysis was scarcely needed to be conducted.

抄録全体を表示

本研究はコーテッドチューブからなる新型の逆浸透モジュールの試作を目的とした.実験の結果このモジュールの利点として次の点が実証された.
1) チューブの製法が簡単であり確実である.
2) 高圧力 (100kg/cm²) にも耐えるため, 海水の淡水化にも使用できる.
3) 単位容積あたりの膜面積を著しく増大できる.
4) 従来のホローファイパー型にくらべてチューブが太いので濁質の沈着による目づまりが少ない.
5) モジュールを取り出し容易に洗浄できる.
6) チューブに傷がついた場合, これを補修することが可能である.
7) モジュールが装置内の乱流を促進するため, ポンプの容量を下げることができる.
8) モジュールによる圧力損失は少ない.

抄録全体を表示