日本海水学会誌
Online ISSN : 2185-9213
Print ISSN : 0369-4550
ISSN-L : 0369-4550
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66 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1～8を表示しています
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巻頭言
特集：「津波被害からの農地復興」
総説
  • 中国における脱硫副産物を利用した塩類集積土壌改良の取り組みと今後の展望
    酒井 裕司
    2012 年 66 巻 2 号 p. 66-73
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2013/11/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.66.66
    ジャーナル フリー
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    With the aim of alleviating the problems of air pollution, soil desertification, and food shortage in China, the effect of amelioration of salt-affected soil using the by-products of flue gas desulfurization and coal bio-briquette have been studied in Liaoning, Ningxia, and Xinjiang Provinces, as well as Tianjin city in China. Concretely, the changes in soil properties, agricultural production, and safety as a soil amendment have been researched. As a result, soil pH and ESP (exchangeable sodium percentage) decreased and agricultural production increased in all the treated plots. Moreover, the contents of almost all metals (B, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, Se, Hg) in agricultural products were lower than the standard values for human intake and tolerance limit in food. In order to spread this effective technology, an evaluation model for assessing the environmental and economic effects and impact on the health has been developed. As a result, a decrease in SO2 emissions in provinces and cities and an increase in the area of reclaimed salt-affected soil and agricultural products, as well as decrease in the number of patients could be confirmed. In addition, a reduction in CO2 emissions in some cases, such as afforestation, biomass utilization, and introduction of energy crops, are examined.
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  • 中央アジアのアラル海の縮小が漁業資源，農業，食糧生産に及ぼす影響について
    川端 良子
    2012 年 66 巻 2 号 p. 79-85
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2013/11/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.66.79
    ジャーナル フリー
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    In the 1960s, the Aral Sea, situated at the lowest reaches of its two main inflows, had a surface area of 68,000 km2, a maximum waterlevel of 53.41 m above sea level, a volume of 1,090 km3, and salinity of 10 g L－1. For the 300 to 400 years before 1960, it was one of the largest lakes in the world. Its influents are Syr Darya, which runs into the Aral Sea from the east, and Amu Darya, which flows from the south. The sea has been continuously shrinking since, the 1960s, and in 1989 it had a surface area of only 37,330 km2, a water-level of 39,80 m above sea level, and a volume of 320 km3; and had undergone a sharp salinity increase to 29.60 g L－1. The total volume of water inflow has decreased over the past 50 years, caused by human activities. In recent years, the Aral Sea has separated into two lakes that connect near the mouth of Syr Darya by a small and shallow channel. These lakes are the Small Aral Sea and the Large Aral Sea. Amu Darya stopped flowing into the Large Aral Sea in 1980. The reduction of the sea had several impacts: fish production ceased, crop production deepened, and salinization of the soil and pollution of drinking water occurred. These impacts as a whole have been generally referred to as the ‘Aral Sea Crisis’.
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  • 植物の耐塩性機構と植物を利用した土壌塩類の除去
    前田 良之
    2012 年 66 巻 2 号 p. 92-98
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2013/11/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.66.92
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Salt stress is manifested primarily as osmotic stress, resulting in the disruption of homeostasis and ion distribution in the cell. Plants resist to salt stress by maintaining their ion homeostasis, accumulating compatible solutes, eliminating the excess salt through salt glands, etc. Resistance to salt stress secondarily causes oxidative stress, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes has a close relationship to salt tolerance. A countermeasure for reconstruction of salt-injured farmland includes the elimination of surface soil, conversion between surface and interlayer soil, saline draining by watering, application of ion-exchange materials, and lime materials. Calcium application to soil is effective in increasing plant salt tolerance; while the amount and timing of application are important for an increased ability to tolerate salt stress. The present review summarized salt-tolerance mechanisms in plants, the recent advances in elucidating stress-response and the possibility of salt removal from salt-damaged soil with the use of plants.
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報文
  • 廃海産資源の有効利用
    －化学修飾キトサンによる金属吸着－
    近藤 和生, 藪木 麻衣, 吉村 和也, 松本 道明
    2012 年 66 巻 2 号 p. 99-105
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2013/11/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11457/swsj.66.99
    ジャーナル フリー
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    キトサンはβ-1,4結合したD-グルコサミンからなるポリマーであり，一般にキチンを脱アセチル化して得られる．キチンは代表的な廃海産資源である海老や蟹の外骨格の主成分である．著者らはこのような廃海産資源の有効利用について研究している．本研究ではスルホン酸基を有するキトサン誘導体を調製し，貴金属ならびに遷移金属の吸着特性について検討している．貴金属として，PtおよびPd，遷移金属として，Ni，CuおよびZnを取り上げた。プロパンサルトンにより化学修飾したキトサンを，さらにエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルを用いて架橋し，樹脂を調製した（PSC）．この樹脂を用いて回分法により金属の吸着実験を行った．その結果，PSCは遷移金属に対してCLC（無修飾のキトサンを架橋した樹脂）よりも優れた吸着剤であることがわかった．一方，貴金属に対しては，CLCが良好な吸着能を示した．またPSCは金属共存系でCuとPdを選択的に吸着することができた．なお金属の吸着挙動はラングミュアーの吸着等温式でよく説明することができた.
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