Dual stimuli were applied on one end of the sartorius muscle of Bufo vulgaris, and the evoked action potentials were led by two pairs of silver electrods coated with silver chloride. The distance between the two pairs of electrods furnished on the muscle was 1 cm. In this way, the conduction of the action potenltal between two leading portions of the muscle during the relative refractory period was observed by cathod ray oscilloscope.
From those experiments, it became clear that the excitatory wave propagated decremen-tally along the refractory muscle, and that the recovery of the muscle fiber from the refrac-toriness was not simultaneous along its full length, but it was the more retarded as the more distal from the stimulated portion.
That is to say, the skeletal muscle becomes heterobolic (Verworn's meaning) during the refractory period.

View full abstract

The mesencephalon is an important integrating center in lower vertebrate. Motor function of the mesencephalon (optic lobe) in Amphibia was examined by Abbie and Miyazawa, and the motor control of it, is confirmed to be bilateral in Bufo. In the present report, the tonic continous action of optic lobe upon the spinal cord was examined.
By excision of one side of optic lobes, the ipsilateral reflex is at first inhibited slightly, but later the both sides of spinal reflexes are exceedingly augmented.
By excision of both sides of optic lobes, the spinal reflexes diminished by and by. Such experimental facts show that the optic lobes are acting continously to inhibit the spinal cord, but its mechanism is considerably complex.

View full abstract

Material was exclusively the cardiac muscle strip prepared from the heart of Japanese toad (Bufo vulgaris) . The strip stimultated at its one end and the evoked action potential was led from middle portion and other end portion through silver electrodes, and recorded by cathode ray oscilloscope.
In this way the propagation of the excitatory wave in the relative refractory period was investigated.
As the conclusion of the experiment, the authors are in opinion that the immature action potential, evoked at the cathode of stimulating electrode in the refractory state of the cardiac muscle, is very probable to propagate decrementally along it.

View full abstract

Wir haben neurig einen interessanten Fall, über dem wir bier berichten, behandelt. Bei einem 1.5 Monate alten Jungen wurde kurz nach seiner Geburt eine abnorme Vergrösserung seines Kopfumfanges bemerkt. Bei einem Kinderarzt wurde emn Wasserkopf festgestellt. Nach Überlegung zu uns zur Tiefendiagnose hat man durch Pneumoventrikelgraphie einen Hydro-cephalus occultus durch einen raumfordernden Prozess in der Hinterschädelgrube und einen gesteigerten Hirndruck diagnostiziert. Aus diesem Grund wurde eine Umleitungsoperation zwischen dem Seitenventrikel und dem re. Vorhof des Herzens nach Pudenz-Heyer zuerst zur Verminderung des Hirndrucks ausgeführt. 2 Wochen nach der Operation traten plötzlich Atembeschwerden auf, während sonst alles gut gegangen ist and er ist gestorben. Nach Sektion hat man endlich ein kindertellergrosses Teratom im VI. Ventrikel als Todesursache gef unden.
Wir möchten hier diese Gelegenheit wahrnehmen, den Hydrocephalus in allgemeinen zu betrachten.

View full abstract