When T. T. F. D. was administered to the patients under general anesthesia, coagulability was accentuated.
Coagulation Factors, activities of Factor II, Factor V and Factor VII and X complex were increased.
Oozing and activated fibrinolysis during general anesthesia and operations were inhibited.

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This papea deals with the results of an experiment performed as a part of the studies of our department on the neck-shoulder-arm syndrome by setting the cervical spine in repeating posterolateral bending movements.
Concerning a group with symptoms called neck-shoulder-arm syndrome, not a few problems still remain unsolved, although deep, many-sided studies have been made both in Japan and abroad. Particularly from the fact that the symptoms manigest themselves only unilaterally in many of the patients, the author attempted to investifate the influence of experimentally induced unilateral cervical intervertebral disk hernia on the spinal cord and nerve roots.
Method:
Fifty-seven mature rabbits were employed for study ; their cervical spinal column was fixed at its right anterolateral portion ; then its sinistropostero-lateral flexion was evoked in a repeating way by electrical stimulation. The effect of the movements of the cervical spine thus induced on the intervertebral disk, spinal cord as well as the nerve roots was studied roentgenologically, macroscopically and histopatholcgically over 1 to 6 weeks.
Results :
1. In group A (the group with the cervical spine fixed in the dextro-antero-lateral portion), displacement of the nuncleus pulposus was successfully provoked in 30 % of the cases sinistropaterally.
2. No such displacement of the nucleus pulpcsus was recognized in group B (non-fixation group) .
3. In correspondence with the fixation of the cervical spine in the dextro-antero-lateral portion, bulging of the annulus fibrosus was noticeable both sinistro-postero-laterally and posteriorly.
4. In either of the groups there was no remarkable rupture of the annulus fibrosus, despite of the displacement of the nucleus pulposus being demonstrable.
5. In group A marked recess of the epiphyseal nucleus was recognized at the 1 st and 6 th week.
6. Failure to demonstrate apparent rupture of the posterior annulus fibrosus may be due presumably to relaxation phenomenon occuring there, because of narrowness of the intervertebral disk.
7. In group A nerve cells of irregular shape appeared in the spinal cord at the 1 st to 2 nd week, and this may be is a result of transient circulatory disturbance due to the unusual stimulation.
8. No appreciable changes were seen histologically in the fibers and the sheath of the nerve roots.
From these results, it is inferable that f orbed, repeated movements of the cervical spine, if limited within the physiological range as in the cases of the present study, are unlikely to produce irreversible changes of the spinal cord and nerve roots histologically, though can actually induce slight bulging of the intervertebral disk.

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In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die einfachste und gebräuchlichste Trennung and Bestimmung des Histidins, 1-N-Methylhistidins, Carnosins sowie Anserins unter den Histidinderivaten untersucht. Diese zu prüfenden Substanzen wurden aus der Natur dargestellt : Carnosin aus Muskel des Schweins, Anserin and Histidin aus Muskel des Thunfisches. Aus den Analysen und Papierchromatographien wurden diese Histidinderivate als refine Substanzen identifiziert. 1-N-Methylhistidin wurde durch Spaltung mit 24 %iger Bromwasserstoffsäure in reiner Form aus Anserin dargestellt.
Obgleich zunächst Trennung der Histidinderivate durch Papierelektrophorese, lurch Kombination derselben mit Papierchromatographien and durch Papierelektrophorese nach Dinitrophenylierung durchgeführt wurde, war es leider nicht voll bef riedigend. Hingegen konnte folgendes Verf ahren gute Resultate lief ern. Also wurden diese Histidinderivate mit 2, 4-Dinitrofluorobenzol in der mit NaHCO₃ alkalisch kontrollierten Lösung reagiert. Wenn Dünnschicht-Chromatographie ihrer DNP-Verbindungen durch Lösungsmittel, n-Butanol : Wasser (4: 3), mit Hüf e von Kieselgel ausgef uhrt wurde, ist damit bewiesen, lass ihre günstige Trennung gewonnen werden kann. Die Extinktionen des mit 4 %iger NaHCO₃-Lösung extrahierten DNP-Histidins and DNP-Carnosins wurden durch Beckman's Spektrophotometer in Wellenlänge von 360mμ bestimmt. Anderseits wurden die Extinktionen der DNP-Verbindungen der Methylhistidinderivate in 300mμ bestimmt.

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[in Japanese]

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Japanese encephalitis virus (JaTH 160—JEV) was injected or inoculated into the various sites of adult mice (intraperitoneally, intravenously, and into nasal cavity etc) and the pathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis (JE) was studied mainly by means of the fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) . The author tried also to find the best fixative for FAT. FAT was, moreover, used in human cases of JE.
The following results were obtained.
1. The choice of fixatives greatly influenced the fluorescence specific to JEV antigen (specific fluorescence—SFL) of examined materials. Among f ormalin, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, chloroform-methanol, acetone, ether, difron, and carbon tetrachloride, the best SFL was obtained by carbon tetrachloride.
2. Results after the injection of JEV were as follows;
A) The common findings by various kinds of injection of JEV were as follows;
a) Mice were sacrificed day by day after the injection of JEV and almost all organs and tissues were examined, but no SFL was observed in organs other than brain, spinal cord, and the injected retina. The primary focus of multiplication of JEV (the so-called“visceral phase”) was not clarified from this experiment.
b) The onset of JE was different by pathways of injection, but 1 or 2 days before the onset, SFL was recognized in the brain. The site of SFL in the brain was in the cytoplasm and dendrite of nerve cells. Just after the onset fluorescent (fl) positive nerve cells became more numerous, and SFL became discernible also in the spinal cord. The foci of perivascular cellular infiltration and glial proliferation in the brain began to appear 2 or 3 days before the onset, but no SFL was recognized there. The meninges, the wall of ependyma, choroid plexus, and wall of blood vessels were also fl-negative.
B) The manner of the appearance of SFL in the brain differs considerably according to various methods of injection.
a) About a week after the intraperitoneal and itravenous injection, SFL made its apearance suddenly in the brain. The appearing site of SFL was not localized, but in general SFL was discernible scatteredly in the cortex, thalamus, hippccampus. In some cases fl-positive nerve cells were present around small vessels. These findings suggest that JEV, when injected peripherally, multiplies at some unknown focus primarily, causes the viremia and proliferates again in nerve cells after reaching the brain via blood stream.
b) Intracerebral injection and inoculation into olfactory bulb ; One day after the injection SFL was found in nerve cells at the site of injection, and fl-positive cells increased in number and its spreadig area widened rapidly from day to day. In the brain JEV seemed to multiply in the cytoplasm of nerve cells and to betransmitled directly from cell to cell through dendres and axons.
c) Intraocular and intraspinal injection ; In most cases of intraocular injection, SFL was found in the opposite corpus geniculatum laterale. In cases of the injection into lumber spinal cord fl-positive cells began to appear in order of lumber, thoracic, cervical spinal cord and brainascendingly. These findings suggest that the virus injected directly to nerve cells seems to be transmitted from cell to cell through nerve fibers.
d) In cases of viral contamination into cerebrospinal fluid at the time of injection (intracerebral, -spinal injection and inoculation into olfactry bulb) described above, SFL was recognized in a few nerve cells near the wall of ventricle. This fact suggests that there are possibilities of JE infection via cerebrospinal fluid in cases of the artificial spinal injection of JEV.
3 Using FAT to human JE cases (death on the 4 th and 8 th hospital day), SFL was shown in nerve cells of hypothalamus, substantia nigra and cerebral cortex. By the use of FAT the pathological diagnosis of human JE will be established more rapidly and easily.

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Congenital anomalies of the intestinal rotation show a great variation in types on roentgenological examination. Each tyyes of them have an embryological back ground.
For cases of adults, ranging from 25 to 43 years old, are presented.
Clinical and roentgenological examinations were performed in each of them, and 2 cases of nonrotation ond 2 cases of malrotation were cemonstrated.
Characteristic clinical sign is“un-usualness”of abdominal pain with severe constipation, diarrhoea and several bowel movements.

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