The particular considerations were necessary to record the single unit neuron activity in deep structures of the brain in unanesthetized and unrestrained animals. However as in such past experiment, the holder of electrodes and micromanipulater system had been fixed on the cranial bone, so that the animals were under suffering unusual heavy weight on the head to maintain physiological posture and the recording of unit activity had been tend to limit in a definite neuron.
To avoid these disadvantages, the special holder of synthetic resin with light weight was designed and the micro-insertion of electrodes was performed by means of oil pressing system which was situated in the out of animals. Furthermore, the position of holding electrode could be changed in some extent in this holder, so that it was possible to record the neuron activities in several parts of the brain stem in same animal and to record them for long time by selection of stable one from several neuron activities.
Whenever the wanted unit activity was obtained, it was possible in this system to fix the electrode with dental cement for histlogical examination without disturbing another recordings.
Among of several kinds of micro-electrodes, tungsten electrode was the most suitable for this system.
As histological examinations, the frozen section method was best for comfirmation of the tip position of the electrode.

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The vestibular equilibrium tests were performed for 67 cases of cerebral apoplexy with hemiplegia and all of them were compared with the cases diagnosed as vestibular lesion of the brain stem by the conventional method in order to examine what influences the supratentorial lesion has upon the vestibular and oculomotor systems of the brain stem.
1. In 45 cases was observed the vestibular lesion of the brain stem.
2. In total cases, percentages of cases showing nystagmus were as follows : gaze nystagmus, 35.8%; Frenzel's sitting nystagmus, 23.9%; positional nystagmus, 58.2%; and positioning nystagmus, 69.7%.
3. In the gaze nystagmus test many cases showed bilateral direction, while in the positioal test, direction-fixed one.
4. In the caloric nystagmus test canal paresis or something like that was observed in 18 out of 42 cases examined.
5. Nystagmoid movement was found in many cases throughout the spontaneous, provoked, and caloric nystagmus tests.
6. In the opto-kinetic pattern test (okp test) abnormal patterns were found in 44 cases with asymmetrical ones on both sides in 32 cases, almost all of which showed abnormal patterns on the paralytic side.
7. In the vestibular equilibrium test no distinct difference was noticed between the right and left paralysis.
8. When examined for right hemiplegia cases, aphasia was more frequently found in such cases as showed abnormal okp with remarkable asymmetry.
In as high as about 80% of patients suffering from apoplexy, some abnormality or other was observed in the vestibular and oculomotor systems, indicating that the vestibular examination is useful for the diagnosis of central nervous disturbance in apoplexy.

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Experimental allergic pancreatitis was induced in rats and guinea pigs by immunization with rat or guinea pig pancreas tissue emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant containing 1 mg/ml Mycobacterium tuberculosis and also by injection of pertussis vaccine.
By light microscopy, the lesion was characterized by in filtration of mononuclear cells in the periductal and perivascular area and also in the acinar tissue accompanied by the cellular necrosis and edema. However, no inflammatory lesion was found in Langerhans' islets. Development of the pancreatitis was observed at 10th day to 14th day after one shot immunization. On the contrary, no pathological abnormality was found in the pancreas of the animals received multiple immunization (6 times) with the pancreatic antigen.
The sera of animals with the pancreatitis showed neither precipitating antibody, nor antibody fixing against frozen pancreatic sections detected by using the method of indirect immunofluorescence. The sera of animals received the multiple immunization with the pancreatic antigen showed the precipitating antibody against the pancreatic antigen. In addition, the sera showed the antibody fixing to cell membrane and cytoplasm of the pancreatic acinar (not to Langerhans' islets) detected by indirect immunofluorescence. The precipitating antibody was not absorbed with rat erythrocytes, liver, and serum. The antibody fixing with pancreatic tubular cells of rat did not react with the frozen pancreatic sections obtained from human, dog and rabbit.
On the laboratory test, blood sugar level remained within normal range, however, the level of serum amylase was increased in some guinea pigs at 7th day after the immunization with pancreas of rat.
These results suggested that the pancreatitis was developed not by humoral antibody, but by cellular immunity. The experimental allergic pancreatitis in rats and guinea pigs will be good model to elucidate the pathogenesis of human pancreatitis induced due to unk-nown causes.

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The reagin type of allergy and the hyperreactivity of air way play the important role in the etiology of bronchial asthma and it seems that the function of β-receptor is closely related to the both. Asthmatics and normal individuals were given Salbutamol as selective β₂-stimulant and the changes of plasma cyclic AMP, lymphocyte cyclic AMP, blood sugar, blood pressure and blood eosinophils before and after administration of Salbutamol were evaluated. Cyclic AMP was measured by the method of protein binding assay.
The following results were obtained.
1) There were no significant differences in the plasma and lymphocyte cyclic AMP levels before administration of Salbutamol between asthmatics and normal individuals.
2) The cyclic AMP levels and the blood sugar levels were increased and the minimum blood pressure and the number of blood eosinophils were decreased after administration of Salbutamol in asthmatics and normal individuals.
3) Except the number of blood eosinophils and the blood sugar level, there were no significant differences at the rate of change in parameters of β-effect between asthmatics and normal individuals, but it seemed that asthmatics had a tendency of low rate of change as compared with normal individuals, so it was thought that there was the functional defect of 13-receptor in asthmatics.
4) There were significant correlations between the changes of cyclic AMP level and the change of some other parameters of β-effect, but there was not the same tendency bet-ween asthmatics and normal individuals.

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Studies were performed to investigate the influence of tolbutamide on the cyclic AMP system of the islets in the normal subjects.
The conclusion were as follows;
1) In the insulin response to the combined stimulation of tolbutamide and glucagon, which stimulates adenylcyclase, a synergistic effect was observed.
2) The insulin response to glucagon was markedly enhanced by tolbutamide.
3) Isoproterenol, which stimulates adenylcyclase, enhanced tolbutamide-induced insulin secretion
4) Tolbutamide-induced insulin secretion was not enhanced by aminophylline which inhibits phosphodiesterase, but glucagon-induced insulin secretion was enchanced.
5) From the results as above, it seems that tolbutamide inhibits phosphodiesterase in the B-cell of islets.
6) In each experiments, the increase of C-peptide showed a close correlation with that of insulin, and C-peptide was considered significantly to reflect the insulin secretion.
7) Peak levels of C-peptide occurred later than those of insulin and C-peptide decreased slowly to basal levels. The molar concentration of C-peptide were greater than insulin. Molar ratio (CPR : IRI) at peak levels was from 1.3 to 3.13.

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The possible existence of neurohumoral factors to initiate EEG changes observed during inversion, pressure on body parts or peripheral low frequency stimulation was examined by crossed circulationexperiments.
Characteristic EEG changes induced by the above three procedures appeared in recipient animals when similar changes in EEG appeared in danor animals. The changes in the recipient during application of one of the three procedures to the donor were gradual and smaller than those observed when the recipient was subjected to the same procedure.
It is speculated that periaquaduct and associated structures might be activated by neurohumoral factors to initiate the EEG changes observed during animal hypnosis.

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Subcortical EEG or rabbits, recorded by chronically implanted electrodes, were changed by inversion of the animal, pressure on body parts or peripheral low frequency stimulation ; and the changes in EEG were similar in each other. In the initial period of inversion the changes in EEG were the slowing of rhythm and the diminishing of amplitude. In frequency analysed EEG, this appeared as reduction of θ and/or α wave. Later, the ∂ wave increased. This kind of change in EEG was revealed under a background of the awaked EEG activity. Unlike spontaneous slow EEG activity, reduction of the θ wave occured independently in all three procedures. Similar EEG changes were induced by pressure on body parts, such as pulling or pinching the ear or spine, or by peripheral low frequency stimulation. Such changes persisted after cessation of stimulation. Latency of effect was observed in the peripheral low frequency stimulation. Repetition of such stimulation shortened the latent period.
In peripheral low frequency stimulation, moderate muscle stimulation which caused muscle contraction was the most effective in causing EEG changes. Intense or weak muscle stimulation, or skin stimulation did not cause EEG changes.
Direct stimulation of the core of the midbrain caused EEG changes which were similar to those caused by the above three procedures.
As common mechanisms causing similar EEG changes by three procedures, proprioceptive receptors as a receptor and midbrain structures as the center are discussed ; and peripheral low frequency electrical stimulation as an acupuncture stimulation mimic was discussed in terms of changes in EEG.

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A case of cylindroma of the hard palate metastasizing to the lungs in a seventy nine years old man is described with clinical and postmortem findings. Some of hard palate tumors are also reviewed literaturely. Invasion to the perineural space and involvement of regional lymph nodes of tumor cells are not revealed. The survival time of this case is five years after plumonary metastasis was found.

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The leukemic reticulosis is a disease with acute process and its unknown reality. The two cases described in this paper.
Case 1. A 64 year old woman. On admission, the white blood cell count was 84, 800/cmm with 77 per cent reticulum cells. She presented with swelling of lymph nodes and enlargement of spleen, both of which revealed proliferation of reticulum cells. The frequency of tumor cells was as low as 1.2 per cent in bone marrow. This case could possibly be identified as reticulosis originated from lymph nodes or spleen.
Case 2. A 20 year old woman. On admission, the white blood cell count was 1, 500/ cmm with 86 per cent reticulum cells. Proliferation of reticulum cells were noted in bone marrow and spleen, but no remarkable proliferation were noted in lymph nodes. This case was suspected that these abnormal cells were originated from spleen on autopsy findings.
In both cases, these cells were positive for acid phosphatase reaction, and its morphological and cytochemical findings also indicated characteristics of leukemic reticulosis.

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A 3-year-old boy with renal tumor underwent right nephrectomy under N₂O-O₂-halothane anesthesia. Sudden and unexpected death occurred during operation and all atte-mpts at resuscitation failed.
The cause of desth in this case was suggested that a massive pulmonary embolus of tumor tissue presumably had been dislodged from the inferior vena cava.

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Two cases of pendulous tonsils in elderly patients such advanced age as 85 and 69 years of age are reported.
So far the available literaures up to date are concerned, no case has been reported yet such advanced age as 85 year old patient.
Tonsillectomy was performed without any problems or complications and postoperative clinical condition was excellent. Foreign body sensation of throat, dysphasia and dysarticula-tion existed no more than the time of operation.

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