We have studied the influence of bronchodilator, antihistamine, and corticosteroid on immediate-type skin test in case of bronchial asthma patients who were addmitted for a long period of time. 1) Aminophylline (20-24 mg/kg/day, p.o. the mean serum theophylline concentration, 14.9±4.5 tg/ml), salbutamol (8-12 mg/day, p.o.) and the combination of these two drugs were administered for 5.5 days in double blind method. The area of wheal and flar response were not significantly inhibit compair with before administration of these drugs. 2) Antihistamine drugs (chlorpheniramine 0.15 mg/kg/day, p.o., hydroxyzine 2 mg/kg/day, p.o., clemastine 0.05 mg/kg/day, p.o.) were administered for 3 days. Chlorpheniramine significantly decreased the wheal and flar response up to 24 hours. Hydroxizine and clemastine also decreased significantly up to 72 hours. 3) Prednisolone (0.95-1.25 mg/kg/day p.o.) were administered for 3 days. No significantly effect in wheal and flar response was obsereved between before and after administration of this drug. These data suggested that the usual dose of theophylline, salbutamol, the combination of two drugs or prednisolone did not inhibit the immediatetype skin test reaction. In case of patients who can not be withdrawed medications, we can be performed the skin test without stopping the drugs and diagnose of skin test show no significantly effect as above. On the other hand, antihistamine significantly inhibit the immedia-te-type reaction. In the present study, we recommanded to withdraw these drugs for 7 days or more before performing skin test.

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We investigated the effect of HK302 (freezed-dried powder of ethanol extract from roasted Panax Notoginseng) on the blood coagulation system of male wistar strain rats. The weak reduction of whole-blood coagulation time and plasma recalcification time were induced by the pre-administration of HK302 for 60 minutes per-orally. However, HK302 didn't elicite any influence on thrombin time of the rats. The above indicated that HK302 had somewhat difference on the activity to blood coagulation system compared to that of raw Panax Notoginseng.

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Effects of HK302, 30% ethanol extracts obtained from the roasted roots of Panaanotaginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, on blood coagulative and fibrinolytic activities were studied in male mice (6 weeks) . Control mice were given the distilled water (p.o.) and HK302 treated mice were injected with 0.2, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg of HK302 (p.o.) . Blood specimens were taken from the vena cava inferior at 1 or 3 hr after an administration of HK302. Whole blood of mice was used to determine thromboelastogram (TEG) . While, whole blood was mixed with 3.2 % sodium citrate solution and platelet poor plasma was prepared by centrifugation (3000 r.p.m. for 15 min) . HK302 injection produced the significant prolongation of r value 3 hr after 2.0 g/kg administration of HK302 and the apparent increase in ma value 3 hr after 1, 0 g/kg of them in TEG. PT shortened significantly at 3 hr after 0.2 g/kg injection of HK 302, but at 3 hr after 2.0g/kg injection of them, the tendency of elongation was found. In PTT, the elongation 3 hr after 0.2 g/kg injection of HK302 and the shortness 1 hr after 2.0 g/kg of them were found. However, both of these results were the changes within the normal range in mice. ATIII activity was decreased significantly at 1 and 3 hr after 0.2 g/kg injection and at 3 hr after 1.0 gjkg injection of HK302. On the other hand, PIG showed no changes, a₂-PI activity was decreased at 1 hr after 2.0 g/kg injection and Ht value was increased at 3 hr after 0.2 g/kg injection of HK302. As a result, the effect of HK302 on coagulative and fibrinolytic activities in mice was found mainly at 3 hr after injection of them. However, these results did not show the dose-dependent effect. Therefore, the effect of HK302 on coagulative and fibrinolytic activities seems mild in mice, and we consider that the coagulative system does not advance without the activation of the fibrinolytic system after the administration of HK302.

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There was a folk legend that oral administration of hot water extract of pine cone (PCE) of Pinus parviflora Sieb. et Zucc. significantly improved the condition of patients who had stomach cancer, and many of them recovered from the disease. The lack of information about the antitumor effect of PCE stimulated us to analyze various active components of PCE. In this study, we comfirmed that PCE contained the following three distinct substances; (1) cytotoxic substances against mouse L929 cells, (2) substance (s) which induced differentiation of human leukemic cell lines ML-1 and U-937 into macrophage-like cells, and (3) substance (s) which activated mouse macrophage-like cell line J774.1 to produce differentiation inducing factor (s) . We have established for the first time the method of the partial purification of these active substances.

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Lymph node imprints of various blastic lymphomas, that is, 7 cases of undefined lymphoblastic lymphoma, 5 cases of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma and 3 cases of immunoblastic lymphoma, were investigated by ANAE and ATPase stains. In 7 cases of undefined lymphobla stic lymphoma, 3 cases were increased ATPase activities, but none were not parallel to the increase of ANAE-granular positive cells. 5 cases of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma showed high percentages of the ANAE-droplet positive cell and these findings were well anti-correlated to ATPase activities. 3 cases of immunoblastic lymphoma did not show increased activities of ATPase, though all were of B cell origin. Recent reports have indicated the interesting results in the experiments of nude mouse that some particular antitumor agents have been effective against null and/or T cell origin lymphomas which show deficient ATPase activities. According to this latest investigation, cyto- or histochemical studies in malignant lymphoma are not only used for diagnostic procedure, but might become a meaningful methode to clinical application for therapeutic plans in the near future.

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We investigated here the activities of ATPase and ANAE of 22 cases of nonHodgkin's malignant lymphoma derived from follicle center cell, that is, 11 cases of centrobla-stic-centrocythc lymphoma and 11 cases of centrocytic lymphoma. All materials were used by lymph node imprints. In general, ATPase positive cell is thought to be specific for B cell, EB virus transformed B cell and neoplastic B cell. In investigated materials centroblasts and centrocytes which predominantly proliferate in the lymph nodes showed ATPase positivity indicated B cell origin. In combination with ANAE stain as T cell marker, ATPase stain is a useful methode to clarify the distributional state and quantitative change of T cell and B cell in various lymph node diseases.

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The C.T. photographic figures of the horizontal cross sectional planes at the five levels in the abdominal region (Kiphoid level-E6, Upper abdomen level-E7, Umbilicus level-E8, Lower abdomen level-E10, Pubic symphisis level-E12) were analyzed. The subcutaneous fatty layer, the muscular layer, the bony layer and the body cavity were recognized on the figure and measured, then the body composition at each planes and factors affecting to it were investigated. Subjects included 10 adult males and 16 adult females. They were divided into following three groups on the basis of the Rohrer index: A-type (129 and below), Ctype (from 130 to 149) and D-type (150 and above) . Among the differences of the body composition in each plane caused by the sex and somatotype, the most dominant component constituting the total cross sectional area was observed and the following results were obtained 1. At the E6 and E7 planes: the dominant component was the body cavity redardless of the sexual and type defferences. 2. At the E8 and E10 planes: the dominant component was, in males, the muscular layer in A-type, the body cavity in C-type and the fatty layer in D-type, whereas, in females, the body cavity in A and C-type, and the fatty layer in D-type. 3. At the E12 planes: the dominant component was, in males, the muscular layer in A and C-type, and the fatty layer in D-type, whereas, in females, the muscular layer in A-type and the fatty layer in C and D-type.

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The myofibrous organizations of psoas major muscle and iliacus muscle in man were investigated and those functional characteristics were compared with other human muscles. 11 pairs of psoas major muscle (6 males, 5 females) and 6 iliacus muscles (3 males, 3 females) were examined by Haematoxylin-Eosin staining method. And the muscles from one cadaver (female, 45 years) were investigated by Sudan Black B staining method and compared with former. Results: I. Views obtained from Sudan Black B staining method. 1) As for the ratios of three muscle fiber types, the white muscle fiber (41.3 %) was the highest in psoas major muscle, while in iliacus muscle, the white (38.3 %) was almost equal to the intermediate muscle fibers (40.5 %) . The ratio of red muscle fibers was the lowest in both muscles. 2) The average thickness of each fiber type was large in the order of the red, the intermediate and the white muscle fibers. The red muscle fibers were about three times as large as the white. 3) As for the density of muscle fibers, those of the red and the intermediate muscle fibers were the highest in psoas major and iliacus muscle respectively. II. Views obtained from Haematoxylin-Eosin staining method. 1) The cross-sectional area of psoas major muscle were superior in males to females, but in iliacus muscle there was no difference between both sexes. While in each muscle, there was no difference in males, but in females, iliacus muscle tended to be superior to the other. 2) The number of muscle fibers in 1 mm₂ in psoas major muscle was superior to iliacus muscle, and had no differences caused by sex. In iliacus muscle, it tended to be superior in females to males. 3) The total numbers of muscle fibers in each muscle were equal to that of biceps brachii muscle. In males, those were more in psoas major muscle than iliacus muscle, while in females, iliacus muscle was more. 4) The thickness of the muscle fibers was superior in iliacus muscle to psoas major muscle, and the latter was equal to biceps brachii muscle. From the distribution pattern of the thickness of muscle fibers, it was considered that the muscle fibers of psoas major muscle had an obvious tendency to atrophy in comparison with iliacus muscle. 5) The density of muscle fibers was about 80 % in both muscles. In psoas major muscle, it was superior in males to females and tended to become low with aging in both sexes. 6) As above mentioned, both muscles were suggested to work to maintain the winding position of hip joint and to have a muscle capacity which was almost equal to biceps brachii muscle. When walking, iliacus muscle was also suggested to work to rotate femur, and that was supposed to be more remarkable in females.

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The effects of p-tert-butylphenyl trans-4-guanidinomethylcyclohexane carboxylate hydrochloride (NCO-650) and its metabolite, p-tert-butylphenol (BP), on the drug-metabolizing enzymes, lipids and fine structure in rat liver were examined. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 7 weeks of age, weighing about 200 g were used in the experiment. NCO-650 and BP were given by the gavage at a dose of 2.5, 12.5 and 125 mg/kg, once a day for 5 weeks. The behavioral abnormalities such as inhibition of the gain body weight, piloerection and acceleration of withdrawal reflex were revealed by the treatment of NCO-650 and BP at a dose of 125 mg/kg. The mortality of BP at 125 mg/kg was 20 percent. The induction or inhibition of aminopyrine demethylase, cytochrome b5 and cytochrome P-450 were not continued by the treatment of NCO-650 and BP. The lipid peroxide formation of ascorbic acid-dependent in the mitochondria was increased at 3 weeks after NCO-650 and BP treatment, but that of NA-DPH and ascorbic acid-dependent caused an inhibition in the microsome. The lipid levels in the serum decreased by the treatment of NCO-650 and BP at 125 mg/kg. The levels of total protein, albumin and GOT in the serum decreased by the treatment of BP at 125 mg/kg. The disarrangement of rough endoplasmic reticulum in fine structure of liver were produced at one and 3 weeks after NCO-650 and BP treatment. The toxicity of BP in rat was found to be greater than that of NCO-650. These results suggest that the changes of drug-metabolizing enzymes, lipid peroxide formation and fine structure in the liver were not continued by the subacute treatment of NCO-650 and BP, and indicate that the hepatotoxicity was not produced by these drugs.

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To elucidate the changes in muscle structure accompanied the development to bipedalism from quadrupedalism in primates, we examined the shape and the myofibrous organization of M, triceps surae and M, plantaris. The muscle sample examined were gotten from 10 human (7 males and 3 females) and 12 crab-eating macaques (4 males and 8 females) . The shapes of muscle were examined by the measurements below mentioned and the myofibrous organization were analysed by H.E. stained thin section. Following results were obtained: On the myofibrous organization, the cross-sectional area and the total number of muscle fibers were most predominant in lateral gastrocnemius (L.G.), followed by medial gastrocnemius (MG), soleus (Sol) and plantaris (P1) in monkey. And the number of muscle fibers per sq mm had no statistical difference in each muscle except P1. Cross sectional area and total number of muscle fibers in men were most predominant in Sol, followed by MG, LG, and P1. The mean size of muscle fibers in monkey were 2003.3 μ² by Pl, 1812.2 μ² by LG, 1928.9 by Sol and 1578.3 μ² by MG and those in men, were 3911.9 μ² by Sol, 1820.8 μ² by MG, 1001.2 μ² by LG and 1000.0 μ² by P1. On the morphological measurements, the relative length of tendon of monkey was shorter than man's. The breadth in MG and LG of monkeys were relatively wider than man, but Sol of man was wider than monkey's. From muscle structure which induced 39 morphometrical measurements and some imformations of myofibrous organization, especially about Sol and LG, there were some characteristic differences between men and crab-eating monkeys accompanied with their locomotive pattern.

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We have evaluated hemodynamic parameters of myocardial function and flow changes by electrocardiography and doppler in the developing chick embryo. Early on day 4 (Hamilton-Hamburger 24-27) of incubation, the eggs were prepared for electrical shock and functional analysis. At this stage, the great arteries are not completely divided. The divice used to apply the electrical shock to the heart was constructed using a 9 volt battery, a pushbutton switch, and a 100 ohm, ten-turn potentiometer with calibrated dial. Two different methods were chosen to apply the electrical shock at the conotruncal area of the heart. One method utilizes horizontal application and the other, vertical application of electrical shock to the conotruncus. The range of voltage applied to the conotruncal area of the heart was 2-4 volts for 1-2 seconds. For recording the low voltage electrocardiography of young embryos (10-100 μV) it is necessary to isolate the eggs from interfering electrical resources in Faraday's cage. In parallel studies, we also introduced a 10 MHz continuous wave Doppler probe to other embryos and assessed the flow pattern at the level of the conotruncus. Soon after electrical shock in embryonic chick heart, a heart rate of 210 beats per minute decreases to 120-100. The PR interval was lengthened to about 0.16-0.18 sec with decreasing heart rate. These slow cardiac rhythm follow a sudden onset of ventricular premature beats for a few seconds and become normalized. Usually, QRS voltage decreases after electrical shock to less than 10 percent. These electrocardiographic changes last for 30 minutes and return to normal. The most remarkable period is between 3 and 15 minutes after electrical shock. Doppler findings demonstrate that peak velocity initially increase 3 minutes after electrical stimulation. In control group, mean velocity is 3802 llz. However, soon after electrical shock, peak velocity starts to increase with 4674 Hz. Thirty minutes after electrical shock, mean peak velocity starts to decrease. In normal control group, % window is 23 but soon after electrical shock, this turbulence rate is 30. However, 30 minutes after electrical shock, % window starts to decrease with a rate of 15. The present study revealed that the cardiovascular anomalies in chick embryos induced by electrical shock could be explained by the doppler findings and electrocardiographic changes.

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We have applied serial excision, free skin graft for the skin legions which we could not simply excised. Recently tissue-expander has been used for those cases, but the mechanism by which soft tissue is stretched for about two months in human body has not been studied, and we took negative replica with silicon rubber and analyzed the feature of skin surface in tissue expansion. Ten patients were implanted of tissue-expander. Taking twenty-five replica, we observed the change of skin-relief with microscopy. In conclusion, we confirmed the validity of tissue expander in texture match, and the fact that as to lower bed, we could expand the harder area more than softer one, and the difference between men and women with ability of skin expansion.

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Infiltrative growth (INF) described in the General Rules for Gastric Cancer Study is concerned deeply with the development of gastric cancer after the establishment of the primary focus and is considered to be one of the important factors that affect the prognosis after resection of gastric cancer. We made a clinicopathological study on how this parameter is concerned with the prognosis and the site of recurrence and related to twelve factors considered to affect the prognosis after resection of gastric cancer-they are age, sex, macroscopic findings such as location of cancerous lesion, macroscopic type, size (major diameter) and histologic findings such as depth of invasion, histologic type, lymph invasion, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, stroma of cancerous lesion and histological stage. Furthermore, the cases studied were divided into two groups, that is, a shallow layer group (Group A: m, sm, pm) and a deep layer group (Group B: ss, s (+) ), and differences in these relationship were examined on the basis of depth of invasion, 740 cases with curative resection of single primary gastric cancer at this department in the past 26 years (March, 1956-December, 1981) were used as the subject of this study. With regard to INF, the cases were classified as follows: INF a 105 cases (14.2%), INF β 323 cases (43.6%), INF γ 312 cases (42.2%) . Results obtained as follows: As for the prognosis, the cumulative five (ten) -year survival rate were as follows: INF α 64.9% (48.3%), INF 9 55.9% (44.7%), INF γ 53.5% (42.2%) in all the cases; INF α 74.9% (64.9%), INF 5 72.8% (60.9%), INF 89.4% (77.9%) in Group A; INF 56.1% (34.5%), INF 41.8% (31.6%) and INF γ 31.5% (21.0%) in Group B. Among all the cases, INF α had a better prognosis for five-year survival than did INF γ; in Group A, INF α had a better prognosis for five-year survival than did INF α and INF β, and for ten-year survival than did INF β; and in Group B, INF α and INF β had better prognoses for both five- and ten-year survival than did INF γ (p <0.05), showing the significant difference in survival rate with INF depending on the depth of invasion. As for the ralations between INF and other factors affecting the prognosis, INF was found to be characteristically relevant to each of factors such as macroscopic type, hxstologic type, lymph and vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, stroma of cancerous lesion and so on. Calculation of the recurrence rate (given by the number of cases in each type of INF where recurrence occurred divided by the number of cases included in each type of INF) showed that in Group A there was a high incidence of recurrence in liver in INF α (8%) and INF β (9.0%) . In contrast with Group A, Group B had a high recurrence rate in INF β and INF r in particular. INF a had a 12.7% incidence of recurrence in liver. INF β had a 13.5% incidence of recurrence in liver, 11.2% in peritoneum and 6.2% in lymph nodes. INF γ had a 32.6% incidence of recurrence in peritoneum, 7.8% in lymph node, 6.2% in liver and 4.1% in subhepatic space. Depending on depth of invasion, each type of INF had a different association with the site of recurrence in particular. INF β stood between INF α and INF r in the site of recurrence, showing a mutual relationship between INF and site of recurrence.

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We calculated infact size (IS) from serum changes of CK-MB isoenzyme which is relatively specific to myocardium in 98 patients without prior myocardial infarction (MI), and evaluated the correlation between IS (total amount of CK-MB released) and the acute and one-year prognosis. The mean IS was significantly increased in patients with severe pump failure compared to those with mild pump failure (P<0.001) . When all patients were divided into 3 groups according to IS (group A: 150>, group B: 150-300 and group C: 300≤), group A comprised larger percentage of Killip C-I patients than those of other two groups and larger percentage of Forrester H-I patients than those of group C (P<0.05, respectively) . On the other hand, group C comprised larger percentage of C-IV patients than those of other two groups, and larger percentage of H-II patients than those of group A (P<0.05, respectively) . Ten patients died during hospitalization, and group B and C had significantly higher mortality rate than group A (P<0.01 and 0.05, respectively) . Among the in-hospital survivors the mean bed-rest period was longer in group C than that in group A and B (P<0.01 and 0.05, respectively), and the mean in-hospital period was longer in group C than that in group A (P<0.05) . One year after discharge higher percentage of patients in group C had congestive heart failure and/or treated with drugs such as digitalis and diuretics than group A (P<0.05), but accompaniment of arrhythmias, angina pectoris and restriction of daily activities, and mortality were not related to IS. Thus, IS by this method is an important determinant of morbidity and mortality after acute MI.

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Werner' syndrome is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized mainly by premature aging. Clinical charactertslics include shortness of stature, premature gray hair and baldness, atrophy and hyperkeratosis of the skin, juvenile cataracts, high-pitched or hoarse voice, leg ulcers, tendency to diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis, osteoporosis, hypogonadism, and a high incidence of neoplasms. Frequently, patients with Werner's syndrome develop leg ulcers and suffer from severe pains of the progressive leg ulcers. In this paper, we report a 51 year-old-male case of Werner's syndrome, suffering from painful leg ulcers since 47 year-old. For the treatment of painful leg ulcers, we have done nerve blocking therapy (continuous epidural block and lumbar sympathetic ganglion block) . Epidural block was very usefull for treatment of pains of leg ulcers, but for the healing of leg ulcers, both epidural block and lumber sympathetic ganglion block were not so effective as for the treatment of pains of leg ulcers. This incurable leg ulcers with Werner's syndrome is considered due to the comgenital cutaneous defect, including atrophy of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues and hyperkeratosis, in addition to the arteriosclerotic and diabetic disorders.

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