The plaque technique of Cunningham and Szenberg was used to demonstrate the influences of various kinds of antitumor agents on the hemolytic plaque-forming cells (PFC) of the spleen of C57BL/6 mice after immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) . The agents were intraperitoneally administrated before or after the intraperitoneal injection of SRBC. 1) Influence of alkylating agents: Post-treatment of mice with carboquone or cyclophosphamide proved to decrease markedly the number of PFC. 2) Antimetabolites: Azathioprine, cyclocytidine, cytarabine, 5-fluorouracil, 6-mecaptopurine, methotrexate and tegafur suppressed the production of PFC by the post-treatment. 3) Antitumor antibiotics: Bleomycin, chromomycin A₃, doxorubicin, mitomycin C, peplomycin and spadicomycin showed strong suppression of PFC by the pre-treatment. Aclarubicin and actinomycin D inhibited the production of PFC by either pre-or post-treatment. Anthramycin and daunorubicin were found to show suppression by the pre-treatment and enhancement by the post-treatment. 4) Alkaloids: PFC decreased by the post-treatment with vinblastine and vincristine. 5) Steroid hormones: Dexamethasone and prednisolone suppressed the production of PFC by the post-treatment. 6) L-Asparaginase and cisplatin inhibited the PFC by the post-treatment, and cyclosporin A by the pre-treatment. 7) Immunopotentiating agents: Krestin showed suppression by the pretreatment and enhancement by the post-treatment. Schizophyllan increased the number of PFC by either pre- or post-treatment. When the drugs were intravenously administrated, the enhancement of the production of PFC were recognized by the pre-treatment in the cases of anthramycin, chromomycin A₃ and spadicomycin.

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To study the changes of steroid hormone levels in maternal vein blood during premature and normal delivery, nine steroids which included cortisol (F), progesterone (P), 20α-dihydro-P (20P), free (f) and conjugated (C) DHA, estradiol, estriol were measured by RIA. Eight premature and ten normal delivery were selected for the study. Samples were obtained from the maternal vein at the 1st stage (cervical dilatation; 3cm) and at the IInd stage (cervical dilatation; 10cm) . Mean weeks of gestation and body weight of infants were; 33.4 weeks, 2, 247gr in premature; and 40.0 weeks, 3, 239gr in noromal. The following results were obtained; 1) Steroid levels at the 1st stage in premature and normal: All steroid levels of premature delivery were lower than those of normal delivery at the 1st stage as same as the II nd stage. The defferences of the levels of 20P (the II nd stage), C-estradiol (the 1st and the II nd stage) and C-estriol (1st stage) were statistically significant. 2) Changes of steroid levels from 1st stage to the IInd stage: i) Most of the steroid levels tended to increase during the course of labor both in premature and normal delivery. However, except for F, differences were not significant, ii) The levels of steroids at the 1st stage were set as 100 percent and percent increase of IInd stage in individual case were calculated. F, 20P, f-DHA, f-estradiol, C-estriol increased during premature and normal delivery. F and C-DHA increased significantly. f-DHA and C-estradiol increased significantly only in premature delivery and C-estriol increased in normal delivery. From the results obtained above, it is concluded that the steroid levels change during the course of labor in premature delivery. The patterns are similar to the normal delivery. These results also indicated that the adrenal glands of premature infants respond-ed to the stress of labor and secreted adrenal steroids which might change the steroidal profile of the mother during delivery.

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We investigated effects of epidural morphine on post operative pain and gastrointestinal tract in 49 gynecological patients who recieved laparotomy under epidural anesthesia. Morphine was injected in addition to 7 ml of normal saline epidurally when patient complained post operative pain. 25 patients were injected 2 mg of morphine hydrochloride (2 mg group), 12 patients 1 mg of morphine HCL (1 mg group), and 12 patients 0.5 mg of morphine HCL (0.5 mg group) . Postoperatively 2 mg group did not require any analgesics, but 25 % of 1 mg gnoup and 0.5 mg group required analgesics. The mean analgesic onset time was 28.4 minutes in 2 mg group, 43.8 minutes in 1 mg group, and 55.9 minutes in 0.5 mg group. The mean analgesic duration in 2 mg group was much longer than other morphine groups. Vomiting was observed in 36 % of 2 mg group, in 16 % of 1 mg group and 0.5 mg group respectively. As for the time to post operative initial flatus, these morphine groups did not differ significantly from other gynecological patient, recieved laparotomy under spinal anesthesia (n=25) or general anesthesia (n=25) . Respiratory or hemodynamic depression was not observed in morphine group. Consequently, we considered that 2 mg of epidural morphine may serve more excel-lently as the post operative pain reliever than other dose (1 mg, 0.5 mg) of morphine, and epidural morphine (less than 2 mg) did not inhibit the action of bowel clinically.

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The present work is an attempt to measure the lipid preoxide, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor value as a parameter of peroxidation by ¹O₂ and to measure the activities of Vitamin E as scavenger in the serum and synovial fluid of patient with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The following result were obtained. (1) Vitamin E value of the synovial fluid in the rheumatoid arthritic group was found to be higher than that in osteoarthritic group, whereas in the serum no significant difference was found between two groups. (2) Lipid peroxide value of the synovial fluid in the rheumatoid arthritic group was found to be higher than that in osteoarthritic group. (3) A significant correlation was also found between the vitamin E, the lipid peroxide value and inflamatory indexes such as C-reactive protein in the synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritic group. These observation suggests that free radical materials may play an important role as a chemical mediation on the inflammatory responce of rheumatoid arthritis and that vitamin E may play a role as a chemical mediater on the anti-inflammatory responce.

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The effects of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe), D-methionine and L-methionine on the rat erythrocytes, isolated rat hepatocytes, dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) -liposomes and surface tension were studied at various concentrations. The inhibition of SAMe on the hypotonic hemolysis in rat erythrocytes was observed at a concentration of 1×10^-3M to 1×10^-2M.D-Methionine and L-methionine caused an acceleration on the hypotonic hemolysis. In rat isolated hepatocytes, SAMe caused a decrease of GOT and GPT leakage above 2×10^-3M. Phase transition temperture of DPPC-liposomes was not changed by the various concentrations of SAMe, D-methionine and L-methionine. SAMe and D-methionine indicated a slight depression of surface tension at a concentration of 1×10^-3M. SAMe showed the stabilizing effects on the membrane of rat erythrocytes and hepatocytes, but had no effect on the DPPC-liposomes. The significant membrane stabilizing action of SAMe was not related to the surfactant activity.

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The cross-sectional area and the percentage of the muscle, vertebra, viscera and fatty layer, and the thickness of fatty layer were measured on CT images of the plane of 6th cervical vertebrate from 27 humans (11 males, 16 females) . The differences in three body types (by the Rohrer Index), sexes and ages were discussed. Results: 1) In the cross-sectional area of classified tissues and organs, the values of muscles were the largest, and the next largest were the values of fatty layer. For the rest, the values were greater in order of viscera, vertebra in males, however, they were reversed in females. 2) The percentage of the cross-sectional area of each tissue and organ to the total area: On the ratio of muscle, males were larger than females, but the ratio of vertebra in females were larger than in males. And the sexual difference were not observed in these ratios. In males, the ratio of muscles decreased with the age, and the ratio of the fatty layer increased with the age. 3) In the three body types, the ratio of viscera and of muscles increased in order of the A-type, the C-type and the D-type, however, the ratio of the fatty layer decreased in this order. 4) The area of fatty mass at the nape: those of males were larger in the C-type and the D-type than in the A-type and those of females were larger in D-type than in the A-type and the C-type. 5) The thickness of the fatty layer in 4 points of the neck: A tendency that the thickness of the fatty layer decreased in order of anterior, lateral and posterior was observed. Comparing with the other levels of trunk, the values on anterior neck of the D-type were larger than that of midpoint of sternum in males, and the values on posterior neck was smaller than the values on upper sternal level in both sexes.

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The effects of S-adenosly-L-methionine-sulfate-tosylate (SAMe), methionine, malotilate and laennec on liver injury induced by CC1₄ were investigated by the determination of the lipid contents in serum and liver. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD), weighing 180-190g and four weeks old, were used and permitted free access to water and food. SAMe, methionine and laennec were administered, i. v. daily with CC1₄ for four days and malotilate was adminis-tered, p. o. an hour before CC1₄ administration. The lipid contents of plasma and liver were measured in 24 hours after CC1₄ was administered. Total lipid (TL), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), GOT and GPT were increased by CC14. SAMe (10mg/kg) increased NEFA, decreased TG, had the tendency to increase total protein in liver (L-TP) and did not only inhibit the increase of GOT but also GPT. Malotilate significantly inhibited the increase of TC, NEFA, GOT, GPT, L-TC and L-TG, and significantly inhibited the decrease of L-TP. Methionine significantly inhibited the increase of GOT and LDH. Laennec significantly inhibited the increase of TG and LDH. In the light microscope, poisoning with CC1₄ led to the character of centrizonal necrosis and steatosis. SAMe, methionine and laennec did not inhibit the hepatic necrosis and steatosis, but malotilate did. The conclusion was that the effect of SAMe was milder than that of malotilate, but it was recognized that SAMe made live repaired.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and mortality caused by adult diseases. Data were collected from the statistics on standard mortality ratio (SMR) and many productive, consumptive and cultural indices for each prefecture in 1969-78. The centers of gravity were calculated by momental equations, at which mortality for each prefecture may be considerd as concentrated. These quantified some geographical bias of mortality apart from the centers of gravity supposed to be equal in mortality for all prefectures. Principal component analysis of socioeconmic factors revealed that the first and second principal components were considerd to be urbanization or industrialization factor, and rural environment factor, respectively. For m ales, the first principal component negatively correlated with mortality from all causes of death. Mortality from lung cancer were high in urbanized areas for both sexes, though females have somewhat higher correlations. It was suggested that total mortality for males and lung cancer mortality for females were more affected by urbanization. Changes of SMR from total mortality for males and appoplexy for both sexes were low in rural areas. There was no relationship between changes of principal component scores and mortality. Consequently, the socioecomic size seemed to have a larger influence on adult disease mortality than the socioeconomic change.

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Using X-ray CT (computed tomography) images, the body composition of the area just 15 cm above the patella on the femoral region was studied in 60 humans (30 males and 30 females) . The total cross-sectional area, the each area of the subcutaneous fat, the muscle, the bone and the thickness of the fatty layer were measured and the each component was compared between the both sexes, and among the ages and the body types. The subjects were classified, by age, into five groups (under 19 years, 20-24 years, 25-29 years and over 30 years) and, by Rohrer Index, into three body types (A type; under 129, C type; 130-149 and D type; over 150) . 1) The total cross-sectional area in males were larger than in females, and the comparative studies of the each component of body composition revealed that the ratio of the muscular layer was larger in males than in females and that the thickness of the subcutaneous fat in females was about twice thicker than in males. In both sexes, the changes with the aging that were found to have occurred in the total cross-sectional area and the area of the muscular layer were similar. The comparative observation between the body composition and the body types showed that the total cross-sectional area, the area of the muscular layer and the fatty layer were the largest in D type, followed in order by the C type and the A type. 2) The subcutaneous fatty layer, measured at four sites (anterior, medial, posterior and lateral), was thicker in females than in males, and in both sexes, the medial position was the thickest and the lateral was the thinnest. In males, there was a more than twice difference in thickness between the medial position (thickest) and the lateral (thinnest), while in females, they had the mean values of the thickness within a comparatively narrow range. 3) Among the 11 muscles, vastus intermedius muscle showed the largest area in males, followed in order by adductor magnus muscle, vastus lateralis muscle, and biceps femoris muscle, while in females, vastus intermedius muscle had the largest area, followed in order by vastus lateralis muscle, adductor magnus muscle, and biceps femoris mucle. The changes of the muscle area with the aging that were observed to have occurred in vastus intermedius muscle and vastus lateralis muscle—the largest muscles in males—were similar to those in the muscular layer as a whole. The same was true in adductor magnus muscle, vastus medialis muscle and vastus lateralis muscle in females. As for the relation between the area of the muscular layer and the body types, in the muscles, which occupied the large percentage of the muscular layer, such as rectus femoris muscle, vastus intermedius muscle, vastus lateralis muscle and biceps femoris muscle in both sexes, and adductor magnus muscle in males, the area in the D type was largest, followed in order by the C type and the A type. 4) There were no significant changes in the bone area with the aging and the body types; however, the bone area was larger in males than in females in the each age and the body types.

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Since 1964, as the method of Questionnarie, SHOWADAI-Formula Depression Rating Scale (D.R.S) has been used in order to study the analysis of the depression factors to make the revised edition of DRS, and to make comparison of the Japanese version of Hamilton Rating Scale (HRS.)
We selected 152 out-patients, who are scrutinized ETIOLOGICAL, Internatioval Classification of Disease (ICD-9) and KASAHARA-KIMURA classification, and who are undertaken both DRS and HRS more than 4 times from the beginning till the 6 th week later.
The following are the features of trans-time transiton of classified each disease type during 6 weeks.
(1) In considering of DRS and HRS factors, which showed high marks at the first medical examination and of transition of these factor during 6 weeks. we made the classification of 4 types, and studied relation of other classifications (ETIOLOGICAL, ICD-9 KASAHARA-KIMURA) and our classification of 4 types.
(2) Majorities of cases classified by ICD-9 and ETIOLOGICAL classification showed common profile of DRS and HRS. Accordingly some cases of neurotic depression, and reactive depression showed the same profile, but other cases of endogenous depression and reactive depression proposed low HRS marks and different profile.
So there are much more necessity to undertake both HRS and DRS during observing transion of depression. To undertake both questionnaire enable us to grasp psychiatric state more easily and so declear validity.
(3) Senile depression was considered to be independent clinical entity by ETIOLOGICAL classification. But by ICD-9 and KASAHARA-KIMURA classification it was situated to be dependent. According to our classification, senile depression was included neurotic depression of ICD-9, these results showed differences from the theory that senile depression and endogenous depression were similiar clinical entity.
According to KASAHARA-KIMURA classification, type I (character-reaction), and type III (conflict-reaction) proposed similiar profile and accorded to our classification (trans-time transition of disease type during 6 weeks.)
(4) Symtomatic profile using both DRS and HRS enable us to categorize among different classifications of depression of depression and conversely imply possibility of classifiy depression by DRS and HRS factors.
The use of DRS and HRS enable us to ganitif y information by stastiscal analysis, and to make comparison of among different countries and cultures.
Evaluation of the entire of subjective test (DRS), enable us to check major symptoms without biass and to graspe depression state efficiently.

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It was investigated whether drug-induced phospholipidosis was caused by thymoxamine hydrochloride, [2- (4-acetoxy-2-isopropyl-5-methylphenoxy) -N, N-dimethylamine hydrochloride] (thymoxamine) in rat, compared with chloroquine diphosphate (chloroquine) . In vitro studies, the lysosomal phospholipase C activities were inhibited markedly by chloroquine but were unaffected by thymoxamine. In vivo studies, rats were administered intraperitoneally with thymoxamine (15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg) or chloroquine (15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg) for two weeks. Thymoxamine did not inhibit the lysosomal phosholipase -A and -C activities of rat's liver. Administration of chloroquine to rat caused a tendency to inhibit the lysosomal phospholipase C activities. No significant changes were noted in values of the blood, liver and liver-lysosomal biochemical parameters or pathological examinations treated with thymoxamine. On the othe hand, chloroquine caused remarkably total-cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipids accumulation in lysosomal fraction of rats, and was also showed marked rise of s-GOT and m-GOT. Because chloroquine inhibited directly or indirectly the lysosomal phospholipase, in paticular phospholipase C, and caused characteristic drug-induced phospholi-pidosis. In comparison with chloroquine, there were no results to prove that phospholipidosis was induced by thymoxamine.

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The distribution of the ischemic changes was examined in the medial gastrocnemius muscle of the cat following transient simultaneous clamping of the aorta and femoral artery. Initial changes occured in the middle portion of the muscle, in the area corresponding to watershed zones of the primary arteries of the muscle. The superficial layers of the muscle, the regions close to the main stem of the primary arteries and the entire distal portion of the muscle were the most resistant to ischemic damage. These studies demonstrate that the vascular pattern is the primary factor in determining the distribution of ischemic changes. The role of differential muscle fiber vulnerability is only secondary.

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60 cases (32 males and 28 females) of Borrmann 4 type gastric cancer were studied in order to clarify the diagnostic significance of biopsy. Diagnoses were made endoscopically in all cases and biopsy specimens were taken from 57 patients. Cancer detectability of bioptic procedure was successful in 86.0%. There were no definite correlations between cancer detectability and numbers of biopsy specimens from a lesion, although it was very low (33.3%) in 3 cases in which only 1 to 3 specimens were taken from a lesion. Concerning to the gross appearance of the lesion from which biopsy specimens were taken, cancer detectability was higher in specimens from ulcer edge (63.3%) and ulcer bed (60.0%) than those from giant fold (46.2%) . There was no significant correlation between histological type of cancer and cancer detectability in biopsy specimens. As to the treatment of Borrmann 4 type gastric cancer, gastrectomy could be performed only in 14 of 60 cases (23.3%) and the survival time was miserably short in our study.

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Two cases of transscaphoid perilunate dislocation are reported, one is 57 years old male, the other is 24 years old male. They had the accident of fall-down from 7 to 8 metres. Those cases are involved in the type 2 of the classification by Green & O'Brien, and are reducted manually. The scaphoid fracture became to non-union (case 1) and to mal-union (case 2) . Case 1 had Russe graft but that was unsuccessful. Those two cases had not medianus palsy.

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Colonic involvement of salmoellosis is rare in literature. Recently we had a case of salmoellosis presenting pseudomembranous changes at the terminal ileum. A 17 year-old man was admitted to our hospital with the sudden onset of diarrhea, abdominal pain and fever since 6th Aug. 1983. Laboratory data on admission were as follows; Blood sedimentation lhr-27 mm, CRP 6+, WBC 11700. Stool culture showed Salmonella B group (Table 1) . Clostridium difcile was negative and he had not been treated by antibiotics. Colonscopic examination revealed mucosal reddness, bleeding and edema from sigmoid colon to hepatic flexure (Fig. 1) . There were not only several shallow irregular ulcer at the ascending colon, but also multiple small yellow-whitish pseudomembrane at terminal ileum and the cecum (Fig. 2) . Histological finding of biopsy specimen showed inflammatory cells and necrotizing substance on the top of the lesion. Clinical course was very good with antibiotic therapy. He was discharged in 3 weeks' admission. Stool culture became completely negative. Pseudomembranous changes were first detected at the terminal ileum by m eans of total colonoscopy which was due to the infection of Salmonella B group for lack of Clostridium diflicile.

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A 56 year-old man was hospitalized in order to waterly diarrhea, abdorminal cramps and dehydration. The diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis was made and adoministrated steroid hormone for 7 days. He was developed ileus and peritonitis, then total colostomy was performed. Pathologically total amebic colitis was identified by surgical specimen.

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The case was a 44-year-old woman. She was admitted to this hospital for a close examination and operation of a gastric tumor mass which had been pointed out by other physician since two years previously. Submucous tumor at the fundus of the stomach or extramural tumor of the stomach was suspected by the fluoroscopic examination of the stomach. However, gastric sarcoma was also suspected from the findings similar to those of malignant tumor such as erosion of the surface mucosa, white coating, bleeding tendency and ulceration revealed by the endoscopic examination. When the abdomen was opened, cavernous hemangioma was noticed in the left lobe of the liver, and the gastric tumor mass was found to be an image of displacement due to this hemangioma. The left lobe including the tumor was resected partially. Postoperative endoscopic examination showed the mucosa to be normal, giving no abnormal findings. In this paper a report is made on a case of cavernous hemangioma, a benign extramural turn or of the stomach which presented an endoscopic image similar to that of malignant tumor.

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