Journal of The Showa Medical Association
Online ISSN : 2185-0976
Print ISSN : 0037-4342
ISSN-L : 0037-4342
Volume 13, Issue 1
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
  • On the Indices and Facial Formulae
    Yusaku Iida
    1953 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 1-6,64
    Published: March 01, 1953
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The author took measurements in 5 heights and 3 widths on the faces of 2, 374 boys and 2, 350 girls raging from 4 to 12 years of age who are residing in Yokohama, thereyr after he worked out the indices and the primary and the secondary both facial formulae derived therefrom according to Ogawara's method, thereby to observe the pattern of the morphological changes of the face by the infants' development. When the morphology of the face was studied by means of the facial formulae, the author learnt that it is changing slightly by the development of the infants, but it was found to be not in conformity with the formulae of the adults. The difference by sex was also not recognized. When the facial formulae were worked out by the author basing on the earlier anthropometric reports, the formulae of the above infants were found to be quite similar to those of the infants residing in the south western part of Shikoku Island, but they were found to be remarkably different from those of the “ Frutigtaler Kinder” indicating that the shape of the Japanese children is not more slender compared with the former. Thus, the presence of the racial difference in the morphology of the face even in the childhood is easily and clearly expressed. Consequently, it is concluded that this formulae is one of the extremely significant ones for the morphological study.
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  • Absorption of Aminoacids in the Colon
    Hiroshi Misu
    1953 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 7-17,64
    Published: March 01, 1953
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    As part of the studies on the enema which are being carried out in the Department of Pharmacology for many years, the author investigated the absorption of aminoacids from the colon, and further investigated the influences of various combined substances on the absorption of aminoacids from the colon. For the present study, the author selected glycocoll and taurin as aminoacids and investigated the changes of amino-nitrogen content and residual nitrogen content in the blood before and after these aminoacids were administered as enema alone or in combination with various other substances. In addition, the serum calcium content was also estimated in the case where calcium preparation was administered in combination with the aminoacids for the purpose to survey the relationships to the absorption of calcium which had already been clarified by Hitomoto, Kato et al. The results obtained are as follows:
    The absorption of glycocoll in the colon is directly promoted by the combination with monosaccharids, disaccharids, calcium chloride and some of the narcotics. Bovine bile remarkably promotes the absorption of glycocoll or taurin in the colon when it is combined with calcium preparation (Ca-chloride, Ca-sulfate or Ca-lactate) and glucose or fructose simultaneously.
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  • Absorption of Glucose in the Colon
    Hiroshi Misu
    1953 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 18-26,65
    Published: March 01, 1953
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In continuation to the investigation in the absorption of aminoacids in the colon, which had been reported in the preceding paper, the author attempted to survey the absorption of glucose in the colon. In the present experiment, the author administered glucose. alone as enema in order to see the absorbability of glucose. Thereafter, he administered glucose in combination with aminoacids such as glycocoll or taurin, calcium preparation such as Ca-chloride, Ca-sulfate or Ca-lactate, bovine bile, narcotics or with “Sprase” to observe the influence of these substances combined on the absorption of glucose in the colon. The results obtained are as follows:
    The absorption of glucose in the colon is not promoted by the combination with a single substance among the aminoacids, calcium preparations, bovine bile, narcotics etc., but is promoted remarkably by the combination with 2 or more specific substances among them (the combination with glucose, calcium preparation and bovine bile, or the combination with calcium preparation, aminoacid and bovine bile) .
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  • Yukihiro Saito
    1953 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 27-31,66
    Published: March 01, 1953
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It is a difficult task to get a sharp picture of the parenchymatic organs such as kidney, ureter, bladder, prostatic gland etc. which are situated in the retroperitoneal cavity on the film. For the purpose, “Pneumoren” has been generally utilized in the past, but the practice with this material requires utmost care and skilled technique, and sometime, it causes danger. In 1947, R. Rivas succeeded to take pictures of kidney, liver, spleen, uterus, organs in the mediastinum or thyloid gland by shifting the gas, which was injected through the caudal canal, to the retroperitoneal cavity, periuterine connective tissue or to the mediastinum by setting an adequate posture. Since then, this method has been widely employed for the purpose.
    The author's method is as follows :
    The patient is set in a knee-elbow posture, and a pillow is placed at the popliteal region to support the loin from sinking downwards. Infiltration anaesthesia is given immediately above or approximately 1 cm below the apex of the sacral bone with 1-2 procain hydrochloride solution. A puncture needle of approximately 4 cm long is inserted through this region into the apex of the sacral bone and is led into the caudal canal leading it with the index finger or middle finger inserted into the colon in order to protect the colon from injury. After the absence of back-flowing of blood was confirmed, 1, 000-1, 500 cc of oxygen gas is injected through the needle. The patient is then given a rest for approximately 2 hours with the upper part of the body kept upright or keeping the side, in which the organ to be filmed, up before the picture is taken. No specifically dangerous side reactions are recognized.
    The advantages of this method are as follows :
    (1) It requires no specific skills. It can be practised even by a beginner without difficulties.
    (2) Roentgenography of both kidnies can be performed after one injection of oxygen gas. Consequently, the hardships and the burdens on the part of the patient are lighter.
    (3) In this method, there are no fear of injuries of blood vessels. Consequently, there are no dangers of embolism.
    (4) In this method, there are no dangers of injuries of kindney Therefore, this method is applicable to even a swollen kidney, to which ordinary pneumoren method can not be applied.
    (5) This method can be applied even in the case where there are perirenal inflammations.
    (6) The roentgenographs of liver, spleen, pancreas etc. can be taken with this method.
    (7) The shape of the bladder, presence or absence of infiltration in the bladder wall, the location and size of the tumour etc. can be clearly observed by this method combined with pneumocystography in gathering the gas in the pelvic cavity around the bladder.
    (8) Not only in the field of urology, this method can be advantageously utilized also in the field of gynecology, surgery or internal medicine.
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  • I. On the Influences of Bovine Splenic Components combined with Aldehydes on the Hepatic Disturbances in Mice
    Tsuneharu Sumida
    1953 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 32-48,67
    Published: March 01, 1953
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The author investigated the influences of the splenic components combined with aldehydes on the experimental hepatic disturbances induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice.
    In the first place, the influences of furan aldehyde on the reticuloendotherial system were investigated and the following brief conclusions were drawn.
    I) Acetyloxymethylfurfural, oxymethylfurfural and furfural posess an evident activating activity to the reticuloendotherial system. The activity of Di- [furfural-methyl-2] -ether is less active, and the activity of Bis- [carboxy-furan] -methylether and oxymethyl pyromucic acid is even further less than the first three.
    II) The inhibitory activity against the hepatic disturbances induced by carbon tetrachloride.
    1) The combined administration of acethyloxymethylfurfural with benzol soluble extract or ether insoluble extract of bovine spleen clearly inhibits the hepatic disturbances.
    2) The combined administration of oxymethylfurfural with acetone soluble extract or ether insoluble extract of bovine spleen clearly inhibits the hepatic disturbances.
    3) The administration of vanillin combined with ether soluble extract or with insoluble extract clearly inhibits the hepatic disturbances.
    4) The administration of salicylaldehyde combined with alcohol soluble extract or with ether insoluble extract evidently inhibits the hepatic disturbances.
    5) Strongest inhibition was noted in the case of the administration of acetyloxy-methylfurfural combined with either of these extracts.
    6) The inhibitory activity in the cases of the administration of acetyloxymethylfurfural or vanillin combined with the alcohol insoluble fraction of the bovine spleen are slightly weaker compared with that in the cases combined with various extracts isolated from the alcohol soluble fraction of the former.
    7) For the mechanism of the inhibition of the hepatic disturbances, the activation of the reticuloendotherial system by aromatic aldehydes, furan aldehyde and by the splenic components is considered to be one of the principal factors.
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  • II. On the Influences of the Pathologic Splenic Components on the Hepatic Disturbances
    Tsuneharu Sumida
    1953 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 49-56,68
    Published: March 01, 1953
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The author was interested in the components of pathologic spleen, especially of the spleen in Banti's disease, which evidently demonstrate a different behavior from that of the normal animals to. the hematological findings. Therefore, the author, as the first step, investigated the influences of its acetone insoluble extract on the liver in the same manner as was in the case of the bovine splenic components, which was reported in his previous paper. Following the above, he investigated the influences of the acetone insoluble extract of the spleen in Banti's disease on the hepatic disturbances induced by carbon tetrachloride. The conclusions thus obtained are as follows:
    Diverging from the cases with the spleen of the normal animals, the spleen in Banti's disease contains components which induces the hepatic disturbances. This substance further deteriorates the hepatic disturbances induced by carbon tetrachloride.
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  • Tsuyoshi Nakai, Yasuteru Karaki
    1953 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 57-62,69
    Published: March 01, 1953
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the present paper, the authors describe the patterns of discharge of tubercle bacilli in the sputum following thoracoplasty performed on 23 cases during the period from March to December, 1946, excepting 2 cases which died shortly after the operation. The authors also describe the follow-up observations on these cases carried out for 6 years after the operation.
    Examinations for tubercle bacilli were performed on 3 consecutive days prior to the operation, on 60 consecutive days after the operation, and on 3 consecutive days at 1 month's intervals for 6 months thereafter.
    Examinations were conducted on the stained smear preparations made trom an or the specimens of sputum separately collected at each time of expectorations. Similar examinations were conducted on3 cases in which closed intrapleural pneumorisis was conducted as control cases. After 7 months and thereafter, similar examinations were conducted at 1-3 months' intervals. All of the examinations conducted after 3 years and thereafter were cultural examinations.
    When 2 cases, which had cavity in contralateral side, out of 21 cases were separated, the cases were divided into 3 large Groups according to their pattern of discharge of tubercle bacilli.
    Group 1. (13 cases)
    The smears became negative tubercle bacilli within 6 months after the operation.
    Group 2. (3 cases)
    The smears remained positive tubercle bacilli even after 6 months or more from the operation. Group 3. (3 cases)
    The smears once became negative tubercle bacilli within 1-2 months after the operation. However, the smears were suddenly found converted to positive again approximately 6 months after the operation.
    Cases belonging to Group 1 indicate that the thor acoplasty was effective. Cases belonging to Group 2 indicate that the operation was ineffective. Cases belonging to Group 3 indicate that the cavity became open again. Cases of closed intrapleural pneumorisis took similar courses to those of the cases of Group 1.
    Cases belonging to Groups 2 and 3 were considered to require revision of thoracoplasty or other treatment. Therefore, revisions were conducted on 5 out of those cases, in all of which the cultures became negative tubercle bacilli later on.
    One among the cases belonging to Group 2 became culture negative tubercle bacilli after 5 years without any further treatment. Consequently, firly long period of time is considered to be necessary to become culture negative tubercle bacilli after the operation.
    The above results are summarized that, among 23 cases of thoracoplasty, 2 died shortly after the operation, and among the cases of Group 1, 1 died after 5 years due to deteriorated condition of lung on the opposite side, but the remaining 20 cases (86.7%) are enjoying economical life.
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  • 1953 Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 63
    Published: 1953
    Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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