Monoamine oxidase (MAO) in hog kidney mitochondria was solubilized with a mixture of Triton X-100 and sodium cholate and the following results were obtained: Triton X-100 (1%) and sodium cholate (0.5%) almost completely solublized hog kidney mitochondrial MAO and no MAO activity was found in the precipitate after centrifugation at 100, 000×g for 1 hr. After the solubilization of hog kidney mitochondrial MAO by these detergents, about 30% increase in tryptamine oxidation was obtained, while all the oxidations of the other substrates, such as tyramine, 5-HT, PEA, benzylamine, octopamine and isoamylamine were decreased. A phenomenon almost similar to that in hog kidney was found for bovine kidney, too, but not in hog brain or rat liver. The increase in tryptamine oxidation was obtained with Triton X-100 alone or in combination with sodium cholate, but not with sodium cholate alone. The pargyline-induced inhibition of hog kidney MAO was increased after treatment with Triton X-100, both with tyramine and tryptamine as substrates, while inhibition by harmine was not changed. From these results, it was suggested that there might be an enzyme which is specific for the oxidation of tryptamine in hog kidney cortex, and it might play a special role in tryptophan metabolism in the kidneys of many species of animals.

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We have investigated the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects, as well as the stabilizing effects on erythrocytes membrane and lysomsomal fraction in liver of synthetic diisopropyl 1, 3-dithiol-2-ylidene malonate (malotilate), by oral administration and obtained the following results: Malotilate showed an inhibitory effect on enhanced vascular permeability induced in mice by the intraperitoneal infusion of acetic acid or bradykinin. Malotilate (250 mg/kg. p.o.) showed equal inhibitory effect as aminopyrine (100 mg/kg, p.o.) to the enhanced vascular permeability induced by acetic acid. When tested for anti-edematous action by carrageenin and formalin-induced edema methods, malotilate proved to exert anti-edematous action. When its effect on granulation was tested by both the formalin-filter paper pellet method and the agar implantation method, malotilate proved to exert an apparent promotive action on granulation. Furthermore, histological examination also verified the same positive and promotive effects on granulation. Malotilate apparently promoted the wound-diminishing rate in the round skin defective wound (20 mm in diameter) induced on the back region of rats. Again, histological examination also verified its positive and promotive effect on the wound-diminishing process. When tested for stabilizing effect on erythrocytes membrane, malotilate of 1×10^-5 proved equal effect as aspirin of 5×10^-4M to the stabilizing effect on erythrocytes membrane with heat-induced hemolysis method. Malotialte caused increase in β-glucronidase leakage on lysomsomal fraction in rat liver at 5×10^-4M, but acid phosphatase leakage was not increased at 1×10^-6M to 1×10^-2M.

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Diisopropyl 1, 3-dithiol-2-ylidene malonate (malotilate) is a substance which we have proven to have a liver cell-activating effect such as the promotion of protein formation. In this report, the author has studied the effects of malotilate on liver injury of the rabbits (male, mature) produced by ethionine through such aspects as blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activity.
The items studied were: Thrombelastography, hepaplastintest, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, plasminogen, plasmin inhibitor, serum total protein and transaminase (serum-GOT, GPT) . Two subcutaneous injections of 100 mg/kg of DL-ethionine at 24 hr intervals in the rabbis caused inhibitory effects of blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activity, a decrease in the amount of serum total protein and a rise in serum-GOT, GPT activities which peaked at 2 days after injection. Since malotilate is a suspension, the effect of the substance as a solvent was studied with its influence in mind. Malotilate produced enhancement of blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activity, peaking at 2 days after a subcutaneous injection of 250 mg/kg. A subcutaneous injection of 250 mg/kg of malotilate just after 2 injections of 100 mg/kg of DL-ethionine at 24 hr intervals was done. The inhibitory effects of blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activity caused by DL-ethionine were suppressed by malotilate. And, also, suppressed decrease in the amount of serum total protein and suppressed the rise in serum-GOT, GPT activities. It is suggested that these results come from the liver protein formation-promoting aspect of malotilate.

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The electrical and mechanical activity of the ampullary region of human fallopian tubes was recorded, and the effects of catecholamine on the contractile activity, in different stages of the ovarian cycle, were investigated. The effects of noradrenaline on mechanical activity were analyzed on a computer by Fourier analysis. The tubes were classified according to the stage of the menstrual cycle and the endometrial histology. The following results were obtained: 1) During the proliferative phase, preparations contracted at the highest frequency, which increased regularly from the beginning to the end of that phase. After ovulation, the frequency and regularity both decreased progressively to the end of the secretory phase, when the contractions tended to merge. In the proliferative phase, the maximum relative power component occurred at a period of 9.1 sec. in the beginning, at 7.2 sec, in the end, and was very narrow. Contraction in the beginning of the secretory phase had its maximum relative power component, which contained more than 50% of the energy, at 11.7 sec. and at the end of that phase, the maximum relative power component, which contained less than 30% of the total energy, was at 25.9 sec. Contraction was irregular near the end of the secretory phase. 2) Contraction in response to noradrenaline was depressed by pre-treatment with an α-blocking agent and enhanced by pre-treatment with a 13-blocking agent. Contraction was induced by α-stimulants and depressed by β-stimulants. In the proliferative phase, α-stimulation due to noradrenaline occurred throughout the ovarian cycle. 3) When noradrenaline was administered, the relative average area under contraction curve increased 35.1% above the control in the proliferative phase, but decreased 44.3% in the secretory phase. Contraction was induced by α-stimulation in the proliferative phase, therefore, contraction in response to noradrenaline changed from a-dominant to α-dominant in the secretory phase. 4) Contraction in response to adrenaline was similar to that in response to noradrenaline. Contracion in response to isoproterenol was depressed, i. e. contraction was depressed by β-stimulation.

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An experimental pathological study was undertaken to investigate acute pancreatitis for the purpose of elucidating the process of development from its early stage. Scorpion venom, which is known to cause the hyperamylasemia, was injected intravenously into 16 rabbits (8 groups) and was also hypodermicaly injected into 26 guinea-pigs (4 groups) . Biochemical, histopathological and electronmicroscopical studies were carried out on pancreas, salivary gland, blood serum and urine. In contrast, experiments using various kinds of pancreastic stimulants were carried out. Serum and urine amylase levels increase proportionally, with increase in the amount of scorpion venom injected, and in the amylase isozyme pattern, salivary-type isoamylase rose by a maxima of 3 to 8. By injecting scorpion venom into rabbits and guinea-pigs, various degrees of degenerative changes, from edematic change to vacuolar formations of pancreatic acinar cells were observed. Electron-microscopically, it was observed that degenerative changes in rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and the vacuolar formation of cytoplasm occurred. In other organs, salivary glands acinar cells showed degenerative changes. In cases where the degree of the degenerative change in pancreatic acinar cells was high, the serum and urine amylase levels were twice to six times higher than normal. It is confirmed that injecting scorpion venom into rabbits and guinea-pigs caused pancreatic and salivary glands cell disturbance, with hypersecretion mainly composed of degenerative changes. According to the classification of the pancreatic disturbance in our group, it corresponded to the degenerative-type, namely, acute parenchymatous pancreatitis. In cases of intravenous injection, the influence of scorpion venom on the pancreas was sudden hypersecretion and chiefly by the disturbance of acinar cells. And in cases of hypodermic injection, that influence was considered to be the process of cell fatigue caused by hyperfunction with the long-lasting secretion. It is supposed that both effects are histological expressions of acute pancreatitis.

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The so-called no-blood transfusion open heart surgery, using non-homologous blood during and after surgery, was performed for the purpose of preventing complications from blood transfusion and economizing on blood, and a study was made on the indications and limit of this technique on pathophysiology of no-blood filling diluted extracorporeal circulation, combined use of hypothermia, the amount of bleeding during and after surgery, postoperative anemia and postoperative clinical course. The subjects were 10 cases of atrial septal closing surgery. 38 valvular surgery cases and 5 A-C bypass surgery cases for a total of 53 cases. The no-blood transfusion open heart surgery could be performed in 83 percent of the cases, that is, atrial septal defect closing operation, 10 cases (100%), open heart mitral commissure incision, 10 cases (91%), mitral valve replacement, 11 cases (73%), aortic valve replacement, 8 cases (89%), mitral valve replacement plus aortic valve replacement, 2 cases (67%) and A-C bypass, 3 cases (60%) . The success of this technique depends heavily on the perfusion time (p<0.01) and the amount of postoperative bleeding (p<0.05) . Noblood transfusion open heart surgery was possible in 28 out of 30 cases (93%) when perfusion time was less than 120 min and in 16 out of 23 cases (70%) with the perfusion time of 120 min or more. The amount of postoperative bleeding in cases of no-blood transfusion was 306+103 ml (mean+S.D.) in atrial septal defect closing surgery and 505±256 ml in valvular surgery and A-C bypass, which was significantly small (p<0.05) compared with that of 907±319 ml in cases of transfusion using homologous blood. The amount of postoperative bleeding was directly proportional to the perfusion time (p<0.01) and inversely proportional to the Ht values in perfusion and blood platelet count immediately after perfusion (p<0.05) . Thus, conditions such as a perfusion time of less than 120 min, highdegree dilution of the Ht value during perfusion being 15-20% and a blood platelet count of 100×10³/mm³ are considered to increase the possibility of the no-blood transfusion technique being used in open heart surgery. No-blood filling diluted extracorporeal circulation is very likely to be high-degree dilution. Protection of the myocardium is needed in cases requiring extracorporal circulation for 60 min or longer. Furthermore, the nasopharyngeal temperature and the oxygen consumption during perfusion were directly proportional to the drop in the oxygen transport activity (p<0.01) . Thus, the combined use of hypothermia is considered indispensable. According to a study on water balance during operation and postoperative PaO₂ and respiratory index, the water load (p<0.01) and urinary excretion (p<0.01) during operation are higher in the highly diluted group (Ht value 15-20%) compared to that in the moderately diluted group (Ht value 20-28%), suggesting that homeostasis is at work. The respiratory index showed higher values (p<0.05) in the highly diluted group than in the moderately diluted group immediately after perfusion and immediately after operation, which is suggestive of slight extravascular retention. Accordingly, Ht 15% or more is considered safe for dilution of blood. The postoperative minimum Ht value in the no-blood transfusion cases was low, 35.2±2.9% in the ASD group and 30.0±4.8%, in the valvular surgery and A-C bypass groups. But it's influence on the postoperative course of anemia appeared negligible.Not even 1 case had postoperative hepatitis, 1 of the undesirable postoperative complications. Thus, this technique was considered useful in preventing postoperative hepatitis. Judging from the results presented above, no-blood transfusion open heart surgery, though not applicable in all cases, can be used for the majority of cases.

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A clinicopathological study on factors influencing the prognosis of early gastric cancer, as viewed from late results, was investigated. Since cases of late recurrence after a lapse of 5 years or more are encountered even in early gastric cancer, the 10-year survival rate was used in this study and the cumulative survival rate based on the crude survival rate and relative survival rate with the age and sex taken into consideration were used in calculating the survival rate. The subjects were 178 cases of early gastric cancer (corresponding to about 19.2 % of 928 cases of primary gastric cancer) which were resected at the department of surgery, Showa University, in the past 23 yeays (Mar. 1956-Dec. 1978) . In conducting the following study, however, 14 cases of multiple cancer and 3 other cases (ow (+) cases) were excluded and the remaining 161 cases were used. The age ranged from 26 to 76 years (average age 54.3 years), the male to female ratio being 1.2: 1. Ten factors possibly influencing the prognosis of early gastric cancer, that is, the age, sex, location of cancerous lesion, the longest diameter, macroscopic type, depth of invasion, histologic type, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis and infiltrative growth (INF) were studied to obtain results as follows: It was in four factors, that is, age, histologic type, vascular invasion and infiltrative growth form that a significant difference in the cumulative survival rate was observed. As for the relative survival rate, the difference was significant only in vascular invasion because of the strictness of the test of significance. However, it was concluded that of the factors showing no significant difference, the location, macroscopic type and lymph node metastasis are important as factors influencing the prognosis of early gastric cancer. Youth, the location being in A, the macroscopictype being a mixed type (IIc+II a), submucosal involvement (sm cancer), the histologic type being well differentiated type, vascular invasion positive and the infiltrative growth form being α-β appeared to constitute a typical picture of early gastric cancer with the high risk of recurrence. When postoperative deaths in early gastric cancer were examined, 26 (16.1%) of the 161 cases died. There were 7 cases (26.9%) that died of recurrence of cancer. The mode of recurrence often seen was hematogeneous recurrence, mainly involving the liver, which was found in 5 out of 7 cases. As for the time at recurrence, it was a little more than three years in many of the deaths from recurrence.

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There seem to be few studies which deal with the metabolism of substances in reference to complaints, particularly changes in the dietary preference in patients who have resumed their social activities in contrast with many reports on the metabolism of various substances after total gastrectomy. In the current study, the dietary preference after total gastrectomy was examined by conducting a written questionnaire on dietary habits and also by performing an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to determine blood sugar levels, blood insulin levels and blood glucagon levels in totally gastrectomized patients whose past and family histories are not remarkable before surgery and who have progressed favourably without dumping syndrome and other complications for more than one year after surgery. The subjects were 106 gastrectomized patients who co-operated with the study. Of these, 21 cases were subjected to total gastrectomy; for reconstruction, 8 cases were treated by Roux-Y method, 8 cases by double tract method, 3 cases by interposition method and 2 cases by other methods. Eighty five cases of distal partial gastrectomy were used as control. In reconstruction of these cases, Billroth I method in 68 cases and Billroth II method in 17 cases were used. The findings obtained were as follows: According to the questionnaire, the food intake after surgery was absolutely decreased, compared with that before operation in the majority of the cases of total gastrectomy and changes in the dietary preference were observed in 94 percent of the cases that showed a decrease in the food intake and there was a particular preference for sugar. When the preference for sugar was studied by OGTT, a state of excessive reaction of insulin to the sugar levels from 90 min after sugar loading was presumed in cases where the preference for sugar increased compared with that before surgery (hereinafter referred to sugar preference (+) group) . Furthermore, the blood glucagon levels from 90 min after sugar loading remained higher in the sugar preference (+) group than in the cases where the sugar preference remained unchanged compared with that before operation (hereinafter referred to the sugar preference (-) group) . When this was examined by the ratio of difference in the blood glucagon levels (ΔGI) to the difference in the blood insulin levels (ΔIRI) before and after sugar loading (ΔGI/ΔIRI ratio), the sugar preference (+) group was presumed to be in a state of high glucagon reaction compared to the sugar preference (-) group. An overall study of the relationship between the sugar preference and reconstruction method after total gastrectomy showed that the sugar preference was somewhat stronger in the cases with interposition method and double tract method than in the cases with Roux-Y method. From the findings above, it was surmised that factors such as insulin and pancreatic glucagon would be con-cerned with changes in the sugar preference after total gastrectomy.

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Shay's granulocytic sarcoma (acute myeloblastic leukemia of rat) has been maintained in our laboratory by serial subcutaneous inoculation since 1962. Stemline of this tumor cell have shown stable 43 chromosome number with one small subtelocentric extra chromosome and 3 marker chromosomes since about 245th transplant generation. The proliferation and organ invasion of leukemic cells have been studied quantitatively in chasing of these marker chromosomes. In addition, proliferation kinetics in vitro in suspension culture was also studied. Leukemic cells accumulated in the bone marrow and spleen before the appearance of subcutaneous tumor which was observed macroscopically at 5-6 days after inoculation. Leukemic cells appeared in the peripheral blood two days later than in bone marrow and spleen. It is suggested that transplanted leukemic cells migrated partially to the bone marrow and spleen where they proliferated, and then flushed out to the peripheral blood. The survival time of inoculated rats has become shorter in the course of serial transplantation. It is suggested that these leukemic cells gradually became to dedifferentiated cells without changing the generation time. Chromosomal analysis of the Shay's granulocytic sarcoma cells in suspension culture in vitro showed the similar 4 marker chromosomes as the cells in vivo. The stemline cells of this tumor in vitro showed 43 chromosomes. And cells with 42 and 44 chromosomes were observed 38 per cent. Cells with 42 and 44 chromosomes are assumed to originated from the non-disjunction of one of No. 11 chromosomes during the division of cells with 43 chromosome number.

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Exercise tests utilizing upright bicycle ergometer were performed at the stage of 100 to 300 m ambulation and at discharge of our rehabilitation program. The clinical course during hopitalization and change of physical work capacity were studied. The subjects were all male patients with mean age of 56.7 yrs. Improvement of physical work capacity, max. HR, Pressure Rate Products, max VO₂, Relative Metabolic Rate were observed at discharge. Groups with high physical work capacity were composed of younger cases, limited infarction and little rehabilitation-interference factors, i. e. congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, angina pectoris and abnormal ECG loaded by plain ambulation. The physical work capacity can increase by systematic rehabilitation, even in patients with poor capacity. Exercise testing at early stage of myocardial infarction provides objective information concerning the capacity to resume physical activity, including clinical course of rehabilitation programs.

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Six cases with a mass-like shadow in left upper quadrant were presented on the radiograph (KUB film, intravenous urography or celiac angiography) . All cases were regarded as a tumor in the stomach, adrenal gland, spleen or the liver. However, by means of further examinations (radiography on upright position and CT-scan etc.), we finally recognized that the mass-like shadow was fornix of the cascade-type stomach itself.

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Relation between a mass-like shadow in left upper quadrant and fornix of stomach was observed and compared. 226 normal persons who visited for physical examinations were investigated on plain supine abdomen films and on films in examination of the gastrointestinal tract. A mass-like shadow was detected in 29 out of 266 cases (10.9 %) . In 14 of these 29 cases, (48.3%) clearly showed a tumor-like shadow. Most of the tumor-like shadows were round in shape and over 6 cm in diameter. Twenty-nine cases of the mass-like shadow were caused by 12 cascade-type stomach, 5 gastrorrhea, 2 gastric peristalsis, 2 resected stomach and stomach compressed by gas distended intestinal loop. It is emphasized to bear in mind that a mass-like shadow in left upper quadrant could be the fornix of stomach itself.

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A case is reported of congenital esophageal stenosis caused by cartilaginous and epithelial tracheobronchial remnants deposited in a ring about the distal end, in a 3 yr old and 5 mon old girls. Histological examinations of the specimen revealed tracheobronchial remnants, including elastic cartilage within the muscular layer of the esophageal wall and multiple mixed glands lined with respiratory epithelium.

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3 cases of herpes zoster associated with dysfunction of bladder and rectum, a 20 yr old woman, a 32 yr old woman and a 56 yr old woman were investigated and are reported here. Some statistical considerations were performed on 33 cases in Japan, and the innervation of bladder and rectum is discussed.

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