In this study, we examined 150 infant wister rats (100 gm) . Group A, consisting of 50 rats, were stripped of their right Palatal oral mucosa-periosteum compound tissue. Another 50 rats, group B, were stripped of their right side palatal oral mucosa-submucosa compound tissue (periosteum intract) . Control group were remaining 50 rats.
1: Groups A and B had less rate of weight increase than control group.
2: Median and transvers sutures in control group were almost symmetrical, but median palatal sutures in Groups A and B were shifted to affected side and transvers sutures were asymmetrical. Group B was less influenced than Group A with respect to palatal sutures, but comparison of both groups' palatal areas showed great similarities.
3: The distances between both sides of the median palatal suture were examined. As the result of this comparison, median palatal sutures were most shifted on the level of the second molar in both groups. But by comparison of both groups, the distance between each molars, on both sides, was not greatly changed.

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Patients with chronic renal failure undergoing long-term hemodialysis (HD) often exhibit laboratory findings suggestive of hypothyroidism. However, the influence of a single HD on thyroid function has not been well understood, so far; therefore, we have undertaken to investigate this problem.
In this study, we investigated 20 patients receiving HD, 15 men and 5 women, ages ranging from 23 to 71 and their mean duration of HD was 16.4 months. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 48 hours following a single hemodialysis, then plasma thyroxine (T₄), triidothyronine (T₃), reverse-T₃ (rT₃), T₃ uptake (T₃U), thyrotropin (TSH) and total protein (TP) were measured.
To investigate the influence of chronic HD on thyroid function, the patients were divided into 2 groups, one with HD for 6 months or less (Group A) and the other with HD for 7 months or more (Group B), and the various parameters of the thyroid function of both groups were compared to each other or with controls.
The influence of heparin, used with HD on the parameters of thyroid function, was also preliminarily studied in 5 normal volunteers, but there was no significant difference between the values of these parameters obtained before and after the heparin infusion.
After a single HD, no significant changes were observed in the corrected values of T₄, T₃U, TSH, FT₄I and FT₃I for TP. The values of rT₃ and rT₃/T₄, corrected for TP, significantly increased after a single HD from 14.4±6.8 to 20.4±8.3 ng/100 ml and from 2.8+1.2 to 3.9+1.5, respectively, and returned to the previous levels 48 hours later. The corrected values of T₃ and T₃/T₄ were found to slightly decrease after a single HD.
As for the influence of chronic HD, no significant difference was observed between T4 concentrations of Group A and controls, but T₄ concentration was significantly lower in Group B than in controls. On the other hand, T₃ concentration was lower in Group A than in controls, and insignificantly higher in Group A than in Group B. The concentration of rT₃ was significantly lower in Group A than in controls and significantly lower in Group B than in Group A. T₃U value was significanly higher in Group A than in controls, but no significant difference was found between the values of Groups A and B. TSH concentration was within normal range in both groups FT₄I and FT₃I showed similar changes with total T₄ and T₃, respectively.
These results indicate that there is an increase in the conversion of T₃ from T₄ by a single HD, thyroid hormones will be gradually decreased with a decrease of thyroxine-binding globulin by repeated HD and, finally, mild hypothyroidism will be induced by longterm HD.

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The clinical and pathological features of cardiac rupture following myocardial infarction were studied in 22 cases found amoung 84 cases of acute myocardial infarction with an incidence of 26.2 %. Of the 22 cases, 13 were male and 9 were female.
The age range was 39 to 87 years of age, with an average of 69.5 years. In all cases, clinical course lasted less than 8 days, especially in 10 cases in which rupture began within the first 24 hours.
Clinial factors that predispose to rupture are though to be, old age, history of hypertension without ischemic heart disease, persistent chest pain, lack of rest and cardiac failure after myocardial infarction.
Electrocardiograms were recorded in 11 cases at the time of rupture. Sinus bradycardia was observed in 4 cases and junctional rhythm in 3 cases. Pathologically, comparing patients who died with rupture, to those without rupture, these were no statistically significant differences between the who groups, with regard to age, sex and heart weight.
The rupture group had a higher incidence of no previous myocardial infarction, coronary thrombosis, single vessel disease and lower left ventricular wall thickness ratios caused by localized expansion. All were transmural infarctions.
In 21 cases, cardiac tamponade occurred and in another pericardial hematoma. In 12 cases, the site of rupture of the left ventricle was at anterior wall, in 7 cases, the lateral wall, and in 2 the site was at the posterior wall.
Three cases out of 10, in which rupture occurred during the first 24 hours, had small infarction, but after 24 hours, rupture tended to accompany extensive infarction. Development of the collateral circulation, measured roentgenologically, was by no means poor.
The rupture was situated in the area of maximal mycardial destruction caused by myocardial necrosis, intramural hemorrage and leukocytic infiltration.
Some hemorrhaging into the infarcted region might orginate from collateral circulation.

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The relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA₁) levels and plasma glucose levels, age at onset of diabetes, duration of diabetes, degree of obesity, diabetic complications or therapeutic methods of diabetes treatment were studied in 112 diabetic patients, and the following results were obtained : 1) HbA₁ levels were not influenced by shortterm alterations of plasma glucose levels. 2) HbA₁ levels were significantly correlated with present fasting plasma glucose levels and alsn those before 1 to 6 months. Furthermore, they were highly correlated with the mean fasting plasma glucose levels during the former three months. 3) HbA₁ levels tended to be higher, and duration of disease was longer in the patients with the onset of the disease occurring before 29 years of age. But, HbA₁ levels were not related to the degree of obesity. 4) HbA₁ levels were significantly higher in patients with diabetic complications (retinopathy only and neuropathy) that in those without complications, 5) Among the patients on insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents and diet, the concentration of HbA₁ was highest in those on diet. These results indicate that HbA₁ measurement is useful in the follow up and treatment of diabetic patients.

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To clarify the functional characteristics of M, masseter in man, the myofibrous organization of the 20 right masseter muscles of adult humans (13 males and 7 females) were studied, noting the number, the size and the density of muscle fibers.
The following results were obtained :
1) Comparing the masseter muscle and the other muscles (lower extremity muscles, abdominal rectus muscle, sternocleidomastoid muscle and biceps brachii muscle) in man, the cross-sectional area of belly muscle and the total number of muscle fibers were similar in masseter and in biceps brachii, and the unit number of muscle fibers was smaller masseter muscles in man, than in all other muscles compared.
2) Concerning the size of muscle fibers, they were smaller in our subjects than in the others especially in males, and the distribution pattern of the size frequency of muscle fibers tended to be broader in the subjects with large muscle diameter. From this fact, it was determined that these muscles consisted of some different type muscle fibers.
3) The muscle fiber density of the masseter muscle was 39.7 % on average, was larger in females than in males, and it was the lowest in the muscles compared.
4) A 6 tendon layer was observed in the cross-sectional area of this muscle in the majority of subjects, and they developed in the subjects with small cross-sectional area and lower density of muscle fibers.

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Antibody production in the rabbit immunized with rabbit serum albumin conjugated with various number of p-aminophenobarbital by diazocoupling was examined. Anti-hapten antibodies were titrated by passive hemagglutination (PHA) using formalized rabbit erythrocytes (FRE) conjugated with Phenobarbital. Anti-immunogen antibodies were titrated by PHA using immunogen-coated FRE. Antibodies against new antigenic determinants (NAD) generated on the homologous albumin by diazocoupling were evaluated by the hapten inhibition of antibodies in PHA using immunogen-coated FRE. Anti-phenobarbital antibodies were detected in all of the sera obtained at 6 th week after single immunization of antigens in Freund's complete adjuvant. The kinetics of the anti-hapten antibody production varied depending upon the density of the conjugating hapten. Anti-NAD antibodies were remarkably detected in the groups of rabbits immunized with antigens of low papten density (1-2 of hapten/carrier molecule) and were hardly detected in rabbits immunized with highly conjugated antigen (20 of hapten/carrier molecule) .

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The effects of thymoxamine (Mox), an α-adrenergic blocking agent, on normal liver function and CCl₄-induced fatty liver in rats were investigated and were compared to those of the other α-blocking agent, ifenprodil (Ifen) .
1) Mox- and Ifen-treated groups showed a slight increase in liver body weight ratio and a slight decrease in triglyceride (TG) levels in serum.
2) Mox- and Ifen-treated groups showed no change in protein and lipids (total lipids : TL, total cholesterol : TC, phospholipids : PL) of liver and serum.
3) The liver lipid contents of CCl₄-administered groups (0.5 ml/kg, s.c./day, for 4 days) showed a significant increase in TL, TC and TG and a decrease in PL. The serum lipid contents of CCl₄-administered groups showed a marked decrease in TL, TC, TG and PL.
4) The combined administration of Ifen (50 mg/kg, p.o./day, for 4 days) inhibited the increase of liver TC and the decrease of serum PL induced by CCl₄.
5) The rise of serum transaminase (GPT and GOT) and LDH activities were obtained by the administration of CCl₄. This increase in LDH activity induced by CCl₄ was inhibited by the combined administration of Mox and Ifen.
6) The administration of Mox and Ifen did not show abnormal findings on microscopic observation of the rats' liver tissues, while the histological examination of CCl₄-induced fatty liver showed centrizonal fatty degeneration and necrosis.
It is suggested that Mox, as well as Ifen, do not induce liver function damage.

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The effects of thymoxamine (Mox) as an α-adrenergic blocking agent and its metabolites, deacetyl-thymoxamine (DAM) and deacetyl-demethyl-thymoxamine (Met-X), on the drug-metabolizing enzyme in rats were investigated and were compared to those of the other α-blocking agent, ifenprodil (Ifen) .
The Mox-treated (150 mg/kg, p.o./day for 4 days) group showed a slight increase in aminopyrine demethylase activity, cytochrome b₅ and cytochrome P-450 contents.
The Ifen-treated (50 mg/kg, p.o./day for 4 days) group showed a tendency towards increase of cytochrome b₅ and cytochrome P-450 contents.
Microsomal lipid peroxide formation was inhibited by the administration of Met-X (150 mg/kg, p.o./day for 4 days) .
Aminopyrine demethylase activities and cytochrome P-450 contents were significantly decreased by the administration of CCl₄ (0.5 ml/kg, s.c./day for 4 days) .
Microsomal lipid peroxide formation induced by CCl₄ was inhibited by the administration of Mox, DAM and Met-X (150 mg/kg, p.o./day for 4 days) . This inhibitory potency was Met-X>DAM>Mox.
From the fact that Mox showed a slight induction of mirosomal drug-metabolizing enzyme, in rats, it seems that this is an adaptive reaction of the liver due to the administration of Mox.

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In this study, we investigated the effects of thymoxamine (Mox) and its metabolites, deacetyl-thymoxamine (DAM) and deacetyl-demethyl-thymoxamine (Met-X) and ifenprodil (Ifen) on isolated rat hepatocytes and erythrocytes.
The hepatotoxicity of various drugs (Mox, DAM, Met-X, Ifen and phentolamine) to isolated rat hepatocytes was determined by the leakage of GPT, GOT and LDH into the assay media.
Inhibition of the hypotonic hemolysis of rat erythrocytes was measured by hemoglobin concentrations.
Mox, DAM and Met-X (1 × 10^-6-1 × 10^-3M) showed no membrane effects on erythrocytes and isolated hepatocytes.
Ifen showed both a slight membrane stabilizing effect on erythrocytes in lower concentration and hemolytic effect in higher concentration (2.5 × 10^-4-1 × 10^-3M) .
Ifen (1×10^-3M) caused GPT and LDH leakage from hepatocytes. These results showed that the effects of Ifen on cell membrane are greater than those of Mox, DAM and Met-X.
It seems that Mox and its metabolites, DAM and Met-X do not produce direct hepatic cell damage, based on our findings.

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This study was performed to establish the relation between anemia and the diet of Korean children. Children between the ages of 2 to 6 years, from 680 families were studied in 19 different areas throughout Korea. The age of each child, the child's diet and the diet of the family were recorded each season. Data on blood hemoglobin content of the child and mother, clinical symptoms and measurements of the child and incidence of parasite eggs in the feces were compared each season. The following results were obtained: 1) Hemoglobin content was highest in winter and lowest in spring and was inversely related to frequency of anemia.
hemoglobin anemia
g% (p<0.001) % incidence
winter 12.14±0.19 17.0±3.5
summer 11.24±0.20 33.8±5.3
autumn 10.91±0.29 52.3±5.5
spring 10.70±0.26 58.3±3.1
2) Incidence of anemia increased from 2 years to a 46.3±1.7% maximum at 4 years and decreased after 5 years. 3) Average hemoglobin of mothers of all families tested was 11.35±0.16%, but the incidence of anemia was significantly higher than in the children (65.5±0.8 %) . 4) In spring, summer and autumn, the hemoglobin content of the mothers of anemic childron was significantly lower than that of mothers of normal children (p<0.001) . 5) Height and body weight of anemic children were significantly less than that of normal children (p<0.01) . 6) Among normal and anemic children there was no relation between clinical symptoms due to poor nutrition and appearance of parasite eggs in the feces. 7) The diets of all children consisted of 82.6 to 93.0% vegetables and 6.7 to 14.7% animal derived food. Compared to the rest of the family, the children's diets included more animal derived foods. 8) Among the families tested, diets were very low in lipid, calcium, vitamin A and vitamin B₂, compared to normal requirements for these substances in the Korean diet. 9) The diets of the families of anemic children were low in protein, calcium and vitamin B₂. 10) Compared to normal Korean dietary requirements, the families studied had diets significantly low (p<0.05) in energy, protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin B2. Ingestion of iron was slightly higher in summer (p<0.1) . 11) Below age 6, the diets of anemic children were low in protein, iron, vitamin, B₂, compared to the diets of normal children. Above age 6 this situation reversed.

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10 cases with obstructive jaundice were confirmed by surgical procedure, autopsy and clnical course of treatment. 10 cases with surgically obstructive jaundce were readily and precisely differenciated from intrahepatic cholestasis by ultrasonography (US) . The diagnostic accuracy was as high as 100%. The location of the obstructed biliary tract or causative disease of obstruction was suspected in 6 out of 10 cases (60%) with surgical jaundice, by the method of US. In the other 4 cases with bile duct carcinoma and common bile duct stones, the location and the cause of obstruction were not diagnosed by US.

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Peripheral blood cultures from 1018 patients were examined from July 1975 to December 1980. Positive cases were 151 (15%) out of 1018 individuals tested. Bactereremia cases due to Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) were 53%. Polymicrobial bacteremia with plural different species in the same patients were 27%. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) occurred in 18% of the cases with bacteremia and endotoxic shock was observed with a frequency of 8% (15% out of GNB-bacteremia) . Numerous leukemic patients suffered from DIC and septic shock. Many isolated GNB were resistant to not only β-lactum antibiotics, but also tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Moreover, the drug resistance to gentamicin has been increasingly observed in the past two years.

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In this study, we followed up 99 patients with scoliosis, 28 males and 72 females, who received conservative treatment in our clinic from 1973 to 1980. They were given exercise and brace therapy.
The following results were obtained: 1) An average degree of improvement in scoliosis curve was 2 degrees, in the exercise therapy using the Cobb Method. 2) In the brace therapy, we found a 5.5 degree of improvement in the curvature.

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This is a report of a case of Post-mastectomy lymphangiosarcoma of the left arm in a 57 year old woman, 13 years after a left radical mastectomy was performed. Lymphangiosarcoma is an uncommon sarcoma associated with the common complication of the chronic lymphedematous arm following radical mastectomy. We believe the case to be the third recorded case of Post-mastectomy lymphangiosarcoma in Japan.

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D-Penicillamine has been used with increasing frequency in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) . However, its therapeutic usefulness has been limited by a high incidence of a variety of adverse reactions.
A 56 year old woman with PSS received D-Penicillamine (600 mg daily) . She went into remission after D-Penicillamine administration, but nephrotic syndrome appeared after one year and 7 months of D-Penicillamine therapy (total dose 253 gm) .
Renal pathologic findings revealed minimal change lesion in the biopsied specimen. Steroid therapy had a good effect on the nephrotic syndrome. In addition, decreased serum IgA level (26 mg/dl) was observed after one year and 7 months of D-Penicillamine therapy. Serum IgA level reversed 12 months after discontinuation of D-Penicillamine therapy. D-Penicillamine therapy's beneficial effects on management of various side effects weve essentially observable.

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