The ischemic myocardial contraction of dog was induced under the long time duration of normothermic aortic occlusion. In order to evaluate the myocardial damage and the occurring time of ischemic myocardial contraction (IMC), the influence of the electrical ventricular fibrillation (EVF) and the myocardial ultrastructural findings were studied.
The results were obtained as follows.
1. Under normothermic aortic occlusion with EVF for 30 minutes, the IMC was occurred. The IMC spread gradually out and finaly caused the irreversible myocardial damage, and the normal cardiac function could not been maintained even if the heart was resuscitated. The IMC could be also induced under the same condition without EVF, but the occurring time was fairly delayed. These results suggest that the duration of fibrillating time is the major factor for induction of IMC rather than the duration of aortic cross clamping time.
2. It has been reported that left ventricular vents is effctive for protection from myocardial damage, however in our experiments the vents was not effective for occurring time of IMC.
3. Both mild hypothermia and washing out of coronary blood after aortic occlusion were effective to delay the occurring time of IMC.
4. By electron microscopy, the main findings of ischemic myocardium were mitochondrial degeneration which showed clearing of the matrix with fragmentation of creste, amorphous matrix densities, disruption of membranes and edema. In our series observation, these changes were found after 20 minutes of aortic occlusion in ventricular fibrillating heart, however they were showed scarcely even after 60 minutes in ventricular fibrillating heart which is maintained coronary perfusion.
5. After resuscitation, the myocardial fine structure seemed to be aggravated gradually in following 24 hours, thereafter markedly improved in additional 24 hours.
From these results, it is considered that the safe duration of aortic cross clamping must be restricted within 30 minutes and the myocardial structural changes are recovered in 48 hours afterresuscitation at normothermia.

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The effects of 17 β-estradiol and progesterone on MAO activity in seven regions of the brain and in their target organ, the endometrium, were examined. In intact animals in diestus, (confirmed by vaginal smears), MAO activity in various regions of the brain decreased in the following order : hypothalamus>hippocampus>cortex≅striatum>cerebellum≅midbrain>medulla oblongata. The activity in the medulla oblongata was about half that in the hypothalamus. In ovariectomized rats 14 days after operation the activities in the various regions of the brain were not significantly different from those in normal rats. The MAO activity in the endometrium was 2.6 times higher in ovariectomized rats than in intact animals. Injection of 17 β-estradiol for three consecutive days decreased MAO activity in the brain, the decrease being greater in ovariectomized rats. The decrease was greatest (13-15%) in the cortex of intact rats and the cerebellum, hypothalamus and cortex of ovariectomized rats. Injection of progesterone (4 mg/kg) for three consecutive days cause a significant increase in MAO activity in the cortex of intact rats ; injection of progestrone (2 mg or 4 mg/kg) for three consecutive days caused a slight, but not significant, increase in MAO activity in the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. Injection of 19-norethisterone (0.4 mg/kg) for three consecutive days caused a slight increase in MAO activity in the hypothalamus only. A single injection of 17 β-estradiol (0.2 mg/kg) increased MAO activity significantly in the midbrain after two hours, but did not affect the activity in other areas. A single injection of progesterone (4 mg/kg) caused no changes in MAO activity. Injection of 17 β-estradiol (0.2 mg/kg) for three consecutive days decreased MAO activity significantly in the endometrium, especially in ovariectomized rats. Progesterone increased endometrium MAO activity significantly in intact rats, but not in ovariectomized rats. No significant differences were observed in the weight or protien content of the brain of intact or ovariectomized rats after repeated injections of 17 β-estradiol (0.2 mg/kg, s.c.), progesterone (2 mg or 4 mg/kg, s.c.) or 19-norethisterone (0.4 mg/kg, s.c.) ora single injection of 17 β-estradiol (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) or progesterone (4 mg/kg, i.p.) compared with the values of the controls. Injection of 17 β-estradiol (0.2 mg/kg) for three consecutive days caused a significant increase in tissue weight of the endometrium of ovariectomized rats. It also increased the uterine weight of intact rats and the protein content of intact and ovariectomized rats, but the changes from the control values were not statistically significant. Repeated injects of progestrone did not affect the uterine weight or the protein content of intact or ovariectomized rats.

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1) On the paralytic side of the extremities of hemiplegial patients caused by central nervous injury, osteoporotic feature was showed on röntgenogram and the higher RI ^99mTc-phosphate accum, lation was found on bone scintigram.
2) In the RI (^99mTc-albumin) accumulation curve of the knee region of the fourteen hemiplegial patients, the following facts were revealed. RI accumulation and the volume of blood were higher on the affected side than on the normal from the beginning. But five in fourteen cases turned out to be the opposite. That is, the amount of RI accumulation and blood volume were higher on the normal side than on the diseased one. This was probably caused by the result of recovery of the nerve.
3) After amputation of one side of the ischiac nerve, the accumulation of Tc-P and the accumulation curve of Tc-albumin of the hind limbs were higher on affected side than on normal side.
4) Although the volume of blood increases, on the osteoporotic side this increase was not always in proportion to the accumulation rate of Tc-P.
5) In the course of recovery of osteoporosis, the accumulation of Tc-P tends to increase at a time. As for the change of bone mass, an increase is observed at this time coincidentally.
6) The accumulation of Tc-P increase in the cases with osteoporosis. Therefore, detection of the extention of disease using ^99mTc-P should be done with a lot of care.

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In two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (IgG-B cell type CLL or IgM-B cell type CLL) and nine healthy control subjects, peripheral blood lymphocytes capable of forming rosettes with mouse erythrocytes were investigated by using a new microtestplate technique modified from the methods of Tachibana et al, and Yata et al.
It was first found that the newly devised technique, containing neither centrifugation nor pipetting procedure during reaction time, was fully available for detection of mouse erythrocyte-rosette-forming cells (M-RFC), Secondly, to the circulating lymphocytes fractionated by density gradient sedimentation in Percoll, application of our new technique revealed that in various fractions the proportions of M-RFC were correlative with those of EAC-bearing cells (B cells) and surface immunoglobulin-M positive cells (B cells), particularly in the latter subpopulation. Moreover, the correlation accurately corresponded to increases in heavy lymphocytes presumed to be large or mediume size, in contrast with decreases in T-cell population (E-RFC) in patients with CLL : In fractionated lymphocytes from the patient with IgM-B cell type CLL, it was found that the frequency of M-RFC nearly agreed with that of the B cell population. Accordingly, it was strongly suggested that the cells bearing receptor against mouse erythrocyte might be “virgin” B-lymphocytes. Probably, this receptor will be of use as a surface morker of poorly differentiated B cells in man. Combination of the microtcehnique with different gradient sedimentation seems to be easily applicable for diagnosis on lymphoproliferative disorders.

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Influences of various kind of antitumor agents on the host-mediated antitumor effect of schizophyllan (SPG) were examined. Mice were treated with an antitumor agent before or after the subcutaneous inoculation of sarcoma 180 cells. The treatment with SPG was carried out after the inoculation of tumor cells.
1. Influence of pretreatment with antitumor agent
(1) Except for adriamycin and 6-mercaptopurine, most agents showed no antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 in the case of pretreatment alone.
(2) Except for chromomycin A₃, the pretreatment with the agent did not suppress the antitumor effect of SPG.
2. Influence of posttreatment with antitumor agent
(1) Actinomycin D, chromomycin A₃, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and prednisolone were ineffective on sarcoma 180 in the case of posttreatment alone. However, they did not suppress the antitumor activity of SPG. Cyclophosphamide showed the tendency to exhibit the combined effect with SPG.
(2) Mitomycin C, bleomycin, adriamycin, cytosine arabinoside, azathioprine, futraful, 6-mercaptopurine, dexamethasone, picibanil and krestin were effective on sarcoma 180 by the posttreatment alone. Among them, bleomycin, futraful and dexamethasone showed the combined effect with SPG.
Even if the antitumor agents gave the immunosuppressive effect on the host, it appeared to be recovered by the immunopotentiating activity of SPG.

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Unit discharges of 44 neurons were recorded with microelectrodes from the periaqueductal central gray (PAG, 31 neurons) and the midbrain reticular formation (MRF, 13 neurons) in unanesthetized and the unrestrained rabbits. Those neurons were the selected ones, which did not respond to noxious or external stimuli, to evaluate the efferent neuron activity.
The changes in unit discharges caused by acupuncture stimulation, inversion and morphine (10 mg/kg i.p.) were increase (20%) or decrease (34%) of spontaneous firing rates and those neurons were mostly found in the ventral region of PAG and MRF. The parall changes induced by two of above three procedures were observed in 67% of responded neurons to one of three procedures. Naloxone (1 mg/kg i.p.) completely antagonized the changes induced by three procedures.
These data indicate that 1) the responsive neurons to acupuncture, morphine and inversion might be belonged to descending inhibitory system, since such neurons were mostly found in the ventral PAG around the dorsal raphe; 2) the common mechanism in acupuncture anesthesia and inversion might exist at least in analgesia since naloxone commonly antagonized the neuronal changes induced by acupuncture stimulation and inversion.

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Monoamine oxidase (MAO) in homogenate and mitochondria from frog liver and brain were studied using a radiometric method of Wurtman and Axelrod with ¹⁴C-tyramine, ¹⁴C-β-phenylethylamine (PEA), ¹⁴C-5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and ¹⁴C-benzylamine as substrates. The highest activity in frog liver was obtained in mitochondrial fraction which is the same as in many other organs of mammalian. MAO activities in frog liver and brain with tyramine as a substrate increased with increase in the enzyme volume between 5μl to 25 μl and with increase in the incubation time between 5 min to 25 min in lineal manner. The optimum pH of the MAO activities were obtained at pH 7.4 in liver and brain preparations. Tris-HCl caused inhibition on MAO activities in liver and brain about 50%. MAO in frog brain and liver homogenate and mitochondria were stable for 28 days when they were kept in frozen. MAO activities with tyramine and PEA were higher than those with 5-HT and benzylamine in brain and liver homogenate and mitochondria. From the results of the effects of incubation and preincubation temperature on MAO in liver and brain homogenates with various substrates, MAO in liver and brain were thought to be consisted of two groups of enzyme. One was unstable on heat treatment and deaminated tyramine and PEA, and the other was stable on it and deaminated 5-HT. From these results, in frog liver and brain, there may be two different types of mitochondrial MAO which were resemble to type A and type B MAO in many organs of mammalian.

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X-ray and biochemical examination as well as bone scintigraphy were performed especially in 21 cases of ectopic ossification occurred in hemiplegic patients and also blood flow curve was carried out in hemiplegic patients without ectopic ossification. The following results have been obtained.
1) In hemiplegia, serum calcium (Ca) generally shows tendency to indicate low levels within normal range and serum inorganic phosphorus tends to indicate higher values than normal range. These findings are considered due to decrease of parathyroid function. Especially this tendency seems to appear markedly in ectopic ossification group within one year after occurrence of the disease and in this group, serum Ca shows higher values than other group (p<0.05), which is considered to be caused by stronger bone resorption than in other groups.
2) According to blood flow curve by ^99mTc-albumin in the knee of hemiplegia, there are many cases which show more blood flow in paralyzed side of the patients who are within one year after occurrence of the disease. Including the result of serum Ca mesurement, it may be said that within one year after occurrence of the disease, there is a state where ectopic ossification is liable to be produced.
3) The production of many ectopic ossifications by complete paralysis due to spinal injury is considered to be related with strong bone resorption due to immobilization. Decalcification due to bone resorption, rise in serum Ca and increase in local blood flow are important factors in mechanism to produce ectopic ossification. Also trauma cannot be neglected as an inducing cause of the ossification.
4) The joint where ectopic ossification occurs and the site of the occurrence of ossification are almost constant, hence local diathesis liable to provoke it is supposed.
5) Variation in X-ray pictures on ectopic ossification in hemiplegia presents firstly faint cloud-like shadow, which becomes gradually to have distinct division from the surrounding area. Afterwards the size of the ossification does not change markedly in many cases. Thus, bone-like structure appears and it becomes gradually clear. It takes 3-4 months from the occurrence of ossification until attaining to this picture.
6) According to bone scintigraphy by ^99mTc-EHDP, accumulation begins to decrease 3-4 months after the occurrence of ossification when bone like structure begins to appear in X-ray film, and marked decrease of accumulation is observed about one year after occurrence of ossification in many cases. This fact indicates that, for about one year after the occurrence of ossification, there is possibility that ectopic ossification is enhanced by some stimulation. Accordingly, excessive degree of range of motion exercise or some surgical treatments shoud be avoided.
7) Serum alkaline phosphatase (Al-p) showed elevated values in cases where large ectopic ossification was produced in hip joint. Al-p value decreases with decreased accumulation in bone scintigram, however, in relatively small ectopic ossification, Al-p does not show high values and in such cases, bone scintigraphy is useful for judgment of the activity of ossification.
8) Serum creatinine showed significantly low levels (p<0.05) in ectopic ossification group within one year after occurrence of hemiplegia.
9) I have experienced a case where ectopic ossification disappeared with proceeding of recovery from paralysis caused by spinal injury.

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The activities of the mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (hereinafter referred as m-GOT) and the glutamate dehydrogenase (hereinafter referred as GLDH) in serum from patients suffered from liver diseases and from drug-induced liver damage animals were measured to evaluate the intensity of liver parenchymal damage.
In experimental liver damage in rabbits treated with DL-Ethionine, the serum m-GOT activity changed rapidly and its level reached maximum peak on the 3 rd day after injection and then decreased under normal level within 7 th day. And the fluctuation of GLDH levels showed also the same as m-GOT levels, but did not completely come back in normal range for a long period.
In clinical studies on human acute hepatitis, the levels of serum total GPT and total GOT decreased faster than the levels of m-GOT and GLDH. The latter two levels decreased rather slowly and returned about normal level in 8 th or 9 th week after onset.
According to observe very closely, inspite of m-GOT levels returned to almost normal level within 8-9 th week, GLDH did not return to normal level in that time, but continued slightly upper than the limit of normal range for a long time.
Then, I think that it is very important thing to measure the serum m-GOT immediately after onset of acute liver disease for evaluation of intensity of parenchymal damage and estimation of GLDH activity in serum has great significance to resolve the degree of liver damage in later stage.

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Neurosecretory neurons have been identified in the rat supraoptic nuclei (SON) by their antidromic response to stimulation of the neurohypophysis. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of i.v. injection of morphine (1 mg/kg), ketamine (1 mg/kg), ketamine (10 mg/kg), and methohexital (2 mg/kg) on the unit activity of antidromically identified neurohypophysial neurosecretory neurons in 33 rats.
Ten units tested were all inhibited by morphine (1 mg/kg), and the effect of morphine on 4units were completely antagonized by naloxone (40 μg/kg) . Five out of 8 units tested were inhibited by ketamine (1 mg/kg), but the remaining 3 units did not change. Ketamine (10 mg/kg) reduced the firing rate of all 7 units and methohexital (2 mg/kg) also depressed spontenous firing rate of all 8 units tested in the SON.
These results of the present study suggest that morphine, ketamine and methohexital may suppress the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the neurohypophsis.

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A low dose of verapamil (p.o.) caused S-A block with nodal escape beat in the elderly complicated with central neurological symptome. We shoud be clear in our minds that drug treatment is needed at all and also make with considerable caution and follow up (e.g. ECG) in mind when we use Ca ^_??_ antagonists in the treatment of cardiovascular disease in the elderly.

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A case of umbilical endometriosis was reported. A 37-year-old woman had had the painful umbilical tumor. The tumor was excised together with the umbilicus and the diagnosis was confirmed histologically.
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease. And the ectopic functioning uterine mucosa is found in widely scattered areas of the body, but umbilical endometriosis is an uncommon disease in Japan.
To our knowledge, 13 cases of umbilical endometriosis were reported in the Japanese literatures.

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The patient was a 58-year-old woman. She was admitted to our hospital because of easy fatigue and hypertrophied gingival gums. Leukocyte count was 56, 200 per cmm. Seventy three percent of leukemic cells of monocytic series were found in peripheral blood and 89 percent in bone marrow. A diagnosis of acute monocytic leukemia was made. The patient was resistant to the combined chemotherapy with daunorubicin, cytosinearabinoside and prednisolone and the remission was not obtained through-out the clinical course.
Giant aspergilloma caused by secondary infection of aspergillus in the tuberculotic lesion produced a giant cavity, penetrated the wall of the lung and caused preumothorax. The patient died of difficulty of breathing.

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Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. The cutaneous lesions are encountered in about one fourth of the patients.
Two cases of cutaneous sarcoidosis were experienced.
Case 1: a 69-year-old woman had had a subcutaneous nodules of 1 month's duration on the left arm, inner aspect of right thigh and left patellar area. X-P revealed BHL. Epithelioid tubercules were present in the subcutaneous tissue and within muscle. The case was diagnosed as subcutaneous type of cutaneous sarcoidosis.
Case 2 : a 72-year-old woman had had multiple cutaneous lesions of 1 year's duration on the face, both arms and hands. X-P showed no BHL. Epithelioid tubercules were present in the upper and middle dermis. The case was diagnosed as plaque type of cutaneous sarcoidosis.
Some statistical considerations were preformed on 132 cases obtained in the literatures of Japan during the past ten years.

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