According to Young and Randall, the rate of incidence of the combination of prostatehypertrophy and prostatic calculus is 29-23%. Therefore, attention must always be paid to the combination of the prostatic calculus in any case of prostatehypertrophy. Further, in the case of such combination, the location of the calculus is extremely specific. On most of all occasions, the calculus is located in the fibrous tissue which is separating the adenomatic proliferated tumor and the compressed and atrophic original prostatic tissue, or is enbedded in the prostatic tissue outside of this layer (socalled surgical capsule) . In other words, it is always located not in the adenoma itself, but in the lumen of the gland or in the glandular tube of the prostatic tissue. However, on the case of prostatic cancer combined with prostatic calculus, is commonly located the latter in the tumor itself.
The present case is 76 years old male, who visited the Hospital with the principal complaint of anuria. On various examinations, the case was diagnosed as prostatehypertrophy combined with prostatic calculus, and the glandular tumor and most of the calculi were taken out by Millin's retropubic prostatectomy. However, in this case, the presence of the calculi was recognized not only in the usual location but even in the excised glandular tumor. Consequently, the malignancy of the tumor was suspected. By the above reason, and since numerous Corpora amylacea and calculi were found in the tumor as is in the simple prostatic calculus, further pathologic histologic examinations were conducted in the hope that such examinations may make clear the mode of occurrence or the process of the genuin prostatic calculus. The tumor was demonstrated a histologic picture of the fibromyo-adenoma without any malignant changes what so ever. However, no clear and direct evidence proving the relationship between Corpora amylacea and the calculus formationn process was observed.

View full abstract

The authors observed the clinical course of 76 (52 males and 24 females) cases of closed intrapleural pneumolysis who were under the treatment with streptomycinn or the combination of streptomycin and PAS. The present paper briefly reports the results of the above observations.
Since the authors believe in the earl pneumolysis, the pneumolysis were conducted in an earliest possible stage. Consequently, the rate of successful pneumolysis within 3 months was 71.9% while it was only 37.5% after more than 2 years. Only in 15/31 (48.3%) of the total cases, the tubercle bacilli became negative. In approximately 90% of the cases, no postoperative promotion in the sedimentation rate of red blood cells were recognized. In approximately 60%, even postoperative fever was not recognized. Furthermore, in most cases, the fever went down within 3 days. Intrapleural exsudate was observed in 6 cases, but the duration of the intrapleural exsudate was not found constant. In 2 cases, the ex, sudate was drained by thoracoplasty, and in the other cases, by puncture. The etiology of this intrapleural exsudate was considered to be atelectasis. Re-adhesion was observed in 8 cases, 5 of which were due to intrapleural exsudate and the remaining 3 cases were found without intrapleural exsudate,

View full abstract

One height and four widths are measured in the lungfield of the roentgenogram taken under certain fixed conditions, and seven indices are calculated from the above measurements. Types are set according to the values thus calculated, and the Types are simply signified by the figures from 1 to 5 or 6. These figures are placed in the order of I, II, III, IV, A, B and C. This is named the ‘formula of the lungfield’ to describe the morphology of the lungfield in a simple manner by formularizing the shape of the lungfield. Further, since the border line of the values in the indices is different in the right and the left lungfield, the right and left lungfields are separately described.
A. Measurements
1) Height of Lungfield : The middle line of the spinal column is taken as the median line. The distance between the projections of the highest points of the right and left apices of the lung and the highest points of the right and left domes of the diaphragma.
2) Width I of the Lungfield : The length of the perpendicular line to the median line passing the middle of the transversal processus of the 3 rd vertebra falling in the lungfield.
3) Width II of the Lungfield : The length of the perpendicular line to the median line passing the middle of the transversal processus of the 6 th vertebra falling in the lungfield.
4) Width III of the Lungfield : The length of the perpendicular line to the median line passing the middle of the transversal processus of the 9 th vertebra falling in the lungfield.
5) Width IV of the Lungfield : The length of the perpendicular line to the median line passing the apex of the heart-liver angle falling in the lungfield.
B. Indices
1) Lungfield Index I = Width I of Lungfield⋅100/Height of Lungfield
2) Lungfield Index II = Width II of Lungfield⋅100/Height of Lungfield
3) Lungfield Index III = Width III of Lungfield⋅100/Height of Lungfield
4) Lungfield Index IV = Width IV of Lungfield⋅100/Height of Lungfield
5) Lungfield Width Index A = Width I of Lungfield⋅100/Width II of Lungfield
6) Lungfield Width Index B = Width I of Lungfield⋅100/Width III of Lungfield
7) Lungfield Width Index C = Width II of Lungfield⋅100/Width III of Lungfield

View full abstract

Interested by the influence of the salivary gland hormon (Parotin) on the animals in the embryonal stage, the author conducted experiments employing developing hens' eggs. In this experiment, the influence on the general development was first investigated, and then the histological examinations on the bone were conducted.
The injection doses employed for one egg were 0.2 mg, 0.1 mg, 0.01 γ and 0.001 γ in 0.1 cc of physiolgic saline. Untreated hens' eggs were also incubated as controls.
The eggs were divided into 3 groups, and the incubation was discontinued after 7 days, 14 days and 18 days respectively. On each occasion, the embryos were taken out and were weighed, and the growth of feathers were observed. Following the above, the embryos were fixed with 1: 10 solution of formalin.
Conclusions drawn are as follows:
1) The salivary gland hormon (Parotin) acts promotingly on the general development and the growth of feathers of the chick embryo.
2) Parotin has the ossification promoting action on the bone of chick embryo.

View full abstract

In the previous works, it was made clear that extremely close relationship exists between Parotin and calcium metabolism. Therefore, the author investigated the influence of Parotin on the chick embryo added with calcium chloride, thereby he attempted to trace the correlationship between calcium and Parotin from the pharmacological view point in the embryonal stage. As was done in the previous works, determination of the general development and the bone as well as the histological examination of bone were conducted for the present work.
One injection dose for 1 egg was 0.1 cc of 37.73% solution of calcium chloride containing the requisite amount of Parotin. Consequently, the amount of calcium chloride given to each egg was 37.73 mg. The amounts of Parotin given to each egg were 0.2 mg, 0.01 mg, 0.1γ and 0.001γ. Untreated eggs and those to which calcium chloride solution only was injected were simultaneously incubated as controls.
The eggs were divided into 3 groups, and each of them were taken out after 7 days', 14 days' and 18 days' incubation respectively, then the embryos were taken out and weighed, and the growth of feathers were observed, and the measurements of the femur were taken. Thereafter, they were fixed with 1: 10 solution of formalin.
As the results of the above examinations, the following conclusion was drawn:
The hindrance to the development to chick embryo caused by the addition of calcium chloride is almost completely removed by the addition of the salivary gland hormon, Parotin.

View full abstract

Administering various calcium preparations (Ca-chloride, Ca-salicylate or Ca-sulfate) in combination with various narcotics (chloral hydrate, urethane or phenobarbital), which are considered to be well absorbed even when given as single enema, or magnesium sulfate, which is considered to be not easily absorbed, the author attempted to ovserve the influence of the above substances on the absorption of calcium in the colon in comparison with the results of the experiments by Mochizuki, in which, preliminary treatment was given with the subcutaneous injection of various narcotics. In addition, the author conducted experiments on the influence of histamine on the calcium absorption in the colon when histamine was given as enema in combination with these calcium preparations.
As the results, the following conclusions were drawn:
1) In the case of single enema of chloral hydrate, the rabbits demonstrated evident narcotized symptoms, but almost no changes were recognized in their serum calcium content. Roughly the same tendency was observed in the cases of urethane or of phenobarbital. In the case of single enema of magnesium sulfate, mild diarrhea was observed but almost no change was recognized in the serum calcium content as was in the former cases.
2) Among these narcotics combined with calcium preparations given as enema, the absorption promoting action of chloral hydrate was most remarkable.
3) Chloral hydrate promoted the absorption of calcium salicylate in the colon as well as the absorption of calcium chloride. Its promoting action on the absorption of calcium sulfate was slight.
4) Urethane acted promotingly on the absorption of calcium chloride, but it did almot not promote the absorption of calcium salicylate or of calcium sulfate.
5) Phenobarbital promoted the absorption of calcium chloride and calcium salicylate.
6) Magnesium sulfate promoted only the absorption of calcium chloride.
7) At the temperature of 18°-28°C, histamine (50 mg/kg given as single enema) was almost not absorbed from the colon. At the temperature of 30°C or more, histamine was absorbed.
8) Histamine promoted the absorption of calcium preparations in the colon not as well as the above narcotics did, i. e., it sometime promoted and sometime did not at all.
9) On the contrary, the absorption of histamine was promoted by calcium preparations, demonstrating intoxication symptoms.
10) when the retention of the enema solution in the colon was roentgenographically examined, it was found that the enema solution is retained up to approximately 35 cm below the beginning of the ascending colon.

View full abstract

Since Lehmann reported PAS as the chemotherapeutic for tuberculosis in 1946, oral administration of PAS for the treatment of tuberculosis is being widely practiced. However, it is well known that the administration had to be suspende on some occasions due to general intoxication phenomenon especially due to gastroenteric symptoms. Several improved methods for the administration have been published since then. Barclay and Boger claimed that when isotonic solution of the sodium salt of PAS is injected intravenously, the side reaction is relatively mild although the blood level is considerably high. Further, Rieber et al. tried out the rectal application of PAS on the patients, and comparatively investigated the results of oral administration and rectal application in the case when it is administered alone.
On the occasion when the author conducted the experiments on the administration of PAS combined with other substances, he attempted to investigate the combination with the substances, which he and his coworkers employed in their previous work on the rectal application of penicillin.
The author employed rabbits as experimental animals, and conducted experiments on the absorption of PAS in the colon. In the case when PAS alone was orally administered, PAS content in the plasma reached the maximum 1 hour after the administration, and diminished as the time passed. When PAS alone was administered as enema, the content in the plasma reached the maximum 30-60 minutes after the administration, and diminished as the time goes on similarly to the case of oral administration.
When PAS was administered as enema in combination with dextrose, glycocoll and chloral hydrate, the plasma level of PAS reached the maximum 30 minutes after the administration, and became relatively low after 2-4 hours. In the case of the combination with dextrose, taurin and chloral hydrate, the plasma level of PAS reached the maximum after 1 hour, and relatively high level was maintained even after 2 hours. In the case of the combination with chloral hydrate alone, the plasma level after 30 minutes was the highest, and the level went down gradually. However, even after 6 hours, it maintained the effective level. When PAS was administered in combination with urethane, the plasma level of PAS after 30 minutes was the highest, and it diminished gradually. Contrary to this, when PAS was administered in combination with cattle bile or hog bile respectively, the plasma level of PAS demonstrated the highest after 30 minutes. Even after 4 hours, relatively high plasma level was recognized.
Previously, when the author and his coworkers conducted experiments on the absorption of penicillin in the colon, they gave penicillin alone as well as combined with dextrose, glycocoll, taurin, chloral hydrate, morphine, magnesium sulfate, Sprase, urethane, cattle bile or hog bile as combined enema. In the case of penicillin, the absorption was extremely promoted when it was administered in combination with urethane. The blood level was found very high and maintained longer compared with the combination with other substances. However, in the case of the combination with bile (cattle and hog), it was learnt that, although the blood level was found high, penicillin disappears relatively rapidly from the blood occasionally. PASS is different from penicillin in this respect.
The author is conducting further investigations in pursuit of even more suitable substances for the application of PAS in the colon.

View full abstract

The authors injected CO₂ saturated blood Ringer's solution into the ear vein of rab bits, whereby investigated the changes in the value of cholinesterase in the brain.
According to the results of the experiment by Sekiya, the carbonic acid content in the blood in Vol. increases in 15-75 minutes after the injection, and roughly recovers the normal value after 5 hours. By this reason, the authors bled the rabbits to death at the time when the carbonic acid content in the blood reached approximately the maximum, i. e., 30 minutes after the injection, and the brains were immediately taken out to estimate the cholinesterase concentration in the brain. First of all, the authors bled the rabbits 15 minutes and 30 minutes after the injection by heart puncture, and estimated the carbonic acid content in the blood with Van Slyke's manometer. Generally, the values after 30 minutes thus obtained were higher than those obtained after 15 minutes. Further, in the case of the injection of either 3 cc or 5 cc of CO₂ saturated blood Ringer's solution, no remarkable changes were observed in the general conditions of the rabbits.
On the other hand, as to the method of estimation of the cholinesterase in the brain, biological method of estimation or Ammon's method etc. were being employed in the past. The authors, however, employed a new colorimetric estimation method roughly according to Miyazaki and Ohara et al for the experiments. As the results of the comparison of the values of the estimation of cholinesterase in various animal tissues and in the serum by means of this method with those obtained by means of Ammon's method, Konno confirmed that the new colorimetric estimation method is simpler in the procedures and that its sensitiveness is higher compared with other method hitherto employed.
The cholinesterase content in the brain is indicated in term of the amount of acetylcholin splitted in mg/30^m 38°C for 0.16 g of brain tissue at 0.0125 mol of substrate. In the normal rabbits, the values were 1.39 mg, 1.08 mg, 1.48 mg, 1.46 mg and 1.22 mg, while in the cases of the rabbits injected with CO₂ saturated blood Ringer's solution, a tendency of slight increase was recognized. In the cases of the injections of 3 cc, the values were 1.58 mg, 1.52 mg, 1.96 mg, 1.83 mg and 1.71 mg, and in the cases of the injections of 5 cc, the values were 1.59 mg, 1.45 mg, 1.60 mg, 1.39 mg and 1.63 mg. Furthermore, in all of the cases, no evident correlationships were recognized between the weight of brain tissue and the room temperature.
In short, although no definite could be drawn owing to the smallness in the number of the experimental cases, the cholinesterase content in the brain is considered slightly increased compared with that of the normal rabbits by the injection of the CO₂ saturated blood Ringer's solution.

View full abstract

Aiming at the investigations in the influence on the development of chick embryo, the distribution in various organs and in the pattern of the excretion of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (hereunder called INAH), the authors applied 1.5 mg per one egg of INAH. With this dose, no difference in the development of chick embryo was recognized between the controls on the 8 th day of incubation, but on the 10 th day of incubation, the body weight was found slightly smaller than that of the controls. As the incubation goes on, the difference in the body weight became larger, and on the 18 th day of incubation, the difference in the body weight attained to 1.5 g, and immediately after the hatching, it was found to be 4.7 g. Thus, it was made clear that INAH affects the development of chick embryo inhibitorily. Although a fair number of deaths of the embryo were recognized during the incubation, no malformations were met, and they succeeded in perfect hatching.
When the pattern of the excretion of INAH in the allantoic fluid was investigated, it was found that the concentration in the allantoic fluid as early as on the 8 th day of incubation reached 38.4 γ/cc, showing the rate of excretion of 3.1%. Thereafter, the excretion was found gradually increased, and it was as high as 31.1% on the 16 th day of incubation. On the 18 th day of incubation, the amount of allantoic fluid was found decreased, and the rate of excretion was lowered to 13.4%.
The concentration of INAH in the whole chick embryo and in various organs were estimated. Even on the 8 th day of incubation, the concentration of INAH in the chick embryo was 32.0 γ/cc indicating that a fair amount of INAH is absorbed in the chick embryo in the early stage. Thereafter, as the incubation goes on, the concentration became lower. In the liver, the concentration was as high as 24.8 γ/cc on the 12 th day of incubation, but the concentration became lower as the incubation goes on, especially lower on the 18 th and on the 21 st day of incubation. In the case of lung or heart, the concentration was lower than that of liver on the 16 th day of incubation, and it became gradually lower similarly to the case of liver. In the case of kidney, it was as low as 4.8 γ/cc on the 18 th day of incubation, but it became higher on the contrary immediately after the hatching. In the case of brain, the concentration of INAH on the 10 th day of incubation was found lower compared with that of the other organs, but the decrease in the concentration thereafter was found much smaller compared with the other organs. On the 18 th day of incubation and immediately after the hatching, the concentration was the highest among various organs examined.
Conclusions were drawn as follows:
1) When 1.5 mg of INAH was applied, the development of chick embryo was inhibited, and the tendency became more evident as the incubation goes on. However, no malformations were recognized.
2) The excretion of INAH into the allantoic fluid was recognized as early as on the 8 th day of incubation, and on the 16 th day of incubation, the amount excreted reached the maximum, showing the rate of 31.1%. The rate of excretion became smaller on the 18 th day of incubation.
3) Although INAH can be detected in the whole chick embryo as well as in various organs since early stage of the incubation, the concentration of INAH became lower as the incubation goes on, and it became extensively lower especially on the 18 th day of incubation and immediately after the hatching. Among various organs examined, the highest concentration was demonstrated in the liver on the 12 th, 14 th and on the 16 th day of incubation, in the brain on the 18 th and 21 st day of incubation. In the kidney, the concentration was relatively lower on the 18 th day of incubation, but it became higher on the other way immediately after the hatching.

View full abstract

Following the investigations in the absorption of aminoacids in the colon, the authors conducted investigations in the absorption of polytamin, which is a mixture of various aminoacids produced by the splitting of protein, and peptone, which is a mixture of various polypeptides, in the colon.
When 5% polytamin was administered as enema in combination with 10% and 20% glucose, almost no changes were recognized in the A-N content and R-N content, indicating that polytamin was not absorbed in this case. Even in the case when cattle bile was combined in addition to glucose, polytamin was not absorbed. When polytamin was administered as enema in combination with glucose, calcium chloride and cattle bile, the A-N content and R-N content were found increased, and the increment was larger than that in the case of the administration of glucose, calcium chloride and cattle bile without polytamin, indicating that polytamin was absorbed to certain extent in this case. Furthermore, in either of the cases with and without polytamin, the serum calcium content was found increased up to more than 15 mg/dl 15 minutes after the administration, and the rabbits were demonstrating a severe intoxication symptoms. When the concentration of calcium chloride was made to 0.5% in the same combination, almost no absorption of polytamin was recognized. Simultaneously, the increment in the serum calcium content and the intoxication symptoms were found very slight. Polytamin was not absorbed when administered in combination with Sprase alone or with Sprase and glucose.
In his previous report, Misu recognized that glycocoll or taurin is not absorbed when each of them alone is administered as 5 solution, but, when they are administered in combination with 20% solution of glucose, a fair amount of them is absorbed, and that, in combination with glucose, calcium chloride and cattle bile, a large amount is absorbed. In the case of polytamin, however, it is not absorbed, as stated in the above, with the combination of glucose, and it is absorbed only when administered in combination with glucose, calcium chloride and cattle bile, though the amount absorbed is much smaller compared with that in the cases of glycocoll or taurin.
In the case of peptone, it was not absorbed when it was administered alone as enema as 5% solution. Even when peptone was administered in combination with calcium chloride, it was not absorbed though calcium chloride was absorbed. Even when peptone was administered in combination with glucose, calcium chloride and cattle bile, peptone was found not to be absorbed with no remarkable differences in A-N and R-N contents, serum calcium content or in the severity of the intoxication symptoms in the rabbits from those in the cases of the administration of glucose, calcium chloride and cattle bile without peptone. In other words, no absorption of peptone was recognized in these experiments.
In short, as far as the present experiments are concerned, the combination with calcium chloride and cattle bile, specifically a fair amount of calcium chloride, is necessary for the absorption of polytamin in the colon. Consequently, sever intoxications induced by abnormal absorption of calcium and bile were observed among the rabbits employed, thereby 2 rabbits became fatal. The occurrence of this intoxication was similar to those reported by Hitomoto, Kato and others of the Department.

View full abstract

Umezawa, Maeda, Kosaka and others have isolated a new antibiotic substance as yellowish needle crystals from the culture fluid as well as from the bacterial bodies of a strain of streptomyces, Sire ptomyces thioluteus Umezawa et Okami, which was isolated in 1947 from a sample of soil collected in Mitaka, Tokyo-to. They named it‘aureothricin’. Following the above, Maeda reported that its molecular formula is C₁₃H₁₃N₃S₃O₃ in view of the extraction method, the chemical properties, and its molecular weight or the results of the elementary analysis. However, no literatures were ever cited relative to the pharamacological studies on aureothricin as yet.
For tl.e investigation in the toxicity of aureothricin, the authors compared the stimulation symptoms in the skin of the inner side of the ear of normal white rabbits with that induced by undecylic acid, which had been hitherto used for the same purpose. Following the above, the toxicity to mice and chick embryos were investigated. Further, the liver of mouse was pathologically and histologically examined to draw the following conclusions.
1) The stimulation symptoms to the skin of aureothricin is almost similar to that induced by undecylic acid, which had hitherto been used for the same purpose.
2) The toxicity to mice is fairly high. The LD₅₀ by subcutaneous injection is approximately 1.6 mg per 10 g.
3) It has fairly high toxicity to chick embryos. When 0.01 mg of aureothricin was injected into developing hens' eggs, only approximately 17% of the total can barely continue to develop, but when 0.05 mg or more was injected, all of the embryos became fatal during the course of the development.
4) In the pathological histological examinations, the findings were roughly the same as those of the controls without any clear findings of the hepatic disturbances owing to the shortnees of the period between the administration of aureothricin and the death of mice.

View full abstract

1) At the temperature and humidity in Fukken Province in early summer, which is the epidemic season in this area, the X. cheopis under starving condition after sucking bloodd from the rat suffering from plague bacillus septicemia :
a. demonstrates the highest of long term bacterial carrier in the body.
b. has a vigorous desire of blood sucking.
c. is markedly and highly infectious to guinea pigs.
2) At the temperature of approximately 30°C, which is the midsummer temperature in this area, a sudden drop in the rate of carriers is noted among those fleas which once became plague bacillus carriers beginning from 3-4 days after starvation, and quite a good number of them lose the inf ectivity.
3) The above described results are considered to be a major factor to the fact that the epidemic of plague in Fukken Province is limitted within the early summer not being extended to the midsummer or later.
4) Among the fleas which had repeatedly sucked the infected blood, a fair number was found acquired the infectivity within 1-2 days.
A deepest appreciation is due to the kind advice given by Dr. Tadayoshi Kasuga of the Kitasato Institute for Infectious Diseases at the time the results of this work were consolidated.

View full abstract