Using ANAE staining method, T cell population in the lymph node imprints of 9 cases of the aged patients (over 60 years) with Hodgkin disease was studied comparing with 9 cases of the juvenile (under 15 years) . The mean value of ANAE-Droplet positive cells of the aged showed remarkable decrease ; Juvenile; 33.56%, the aged; 15.89%. It is well known that Hodgkin's foci, both in the lymph nodes and the spleens, are mainly consisted of T cells and their activated ones, so this finding may reflex the difference of T cell population between the aged and the juvenile groups before activated state and/or neoplastic process of the onset of Hodgkin disease. On the contrary, ANAE-Granular positive cell (Plasma cell Series) showed slight increase in the aged cases, and it was indicated that the high-percentage was not absolute, but merely relative due to T cell decrease.

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By using ANAE staining we have investigated age-related changes of T cell and plasma cell series in nonspecific lymphadenitis and Hodgkin's disease respectively. Concerning T cell numbers juvenile patients showed remarkably higher value than those of old patients in the both diseases. On the contrary, this report of malignant lymphoma of FCC origin was shown no difference of T cell and plasma cell series value between two groups, i.e. under 50 years old patients and over 70 years old ones. It is known that the numbers of interfollicular small lymphocytes (T cell) in nodular lymphoma have a prognostic significance, because they have an ability to induce retarded B cell proliferation. This report might suggest that the factor of T cell reactivity to B cell proliferation is not related to age but the other abilities individually.

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We have reported the changes of T cell and plasma cell series of lymph node imprints in various diseases using ANAE stain. In this time, an attempt was carried out to find if there is any corelation between clinical malignant grade and quantitative changes of T cell and Plasma cell Series. One group was selected 25 cases of nodular lymphosarcoma as clinically low grade malignant lymphoma, and another group was 16 cases of B-immunoblastic lymphoma as high grade one. Ther were marked variations of the both T cell and Plasma cell Series in the both groups case by case, but the each mean value was not shown a signi-ficant difference statistically. Malignant lymphomas, specially of B cell origin, were indicated that they might have nocorelation between clinical malignant grade and the quantity of T cell and Plasma cell Series in lymph nodes. In order to judge the clinical prognosis about malignant lymphomas, it may be the most important to observe precisely routine microscopic findings, and additionally it should be followed to study various special immunological and cytochemical analyses.

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Records of 3425 cases of the cleft lip and/or cleft palate who had visited to the clinics of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Showa University Hospital (1970-1984), Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital (1981-1984), St, Maria Hospital (1979-1984) were analyzed to investigate the associated anomalies with cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Six point nine eight percent of all the cases were associated with some other anomalies. The highest incidence of associated anomalies was found among the patients of cleft palate alone (18.63%) . In those with cleft lip and palate, it was 6.84% and in those cleft lip alone, 3.29%. 59 cases of the submucous cleft palate were found in all the cases, Thirty seven point two nine percent of those were associated with some other anomalies. The anomlies frequently associated were congenital heart disease, inguinal and/or umbilical hernia, Pierre-Robin syndrome, ear deformity, extremity deformity, mental retardation, ankylo-glossia, transverse facial cleft and oblique facial cleft. Comparing to the incidences which were reported already, these patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate are suffered frequently from these subsequent disease, congenital heart disease, Pierre-Robin syndrome, extremity deformity, microtia, transverse facial cleft and oblique facial cleft.

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The distribution of argentaffin cells in non-lesional mucosa was compared with that of mast cells in resected gastric cancers from 34 patients in order to study the relationship between the effect of the main lesions and concomitant gastritic changes and the distribution of the cells in the lesion. Four patients with primary chronic gastritis and 16 with chronic gastric ulcer were examined as the controls. The incidence of argentaffin cells was high in Borrmann types 1 and 2 lesions, while it was low in those of types 3 and 4. The highest incidence of mast cells was seen in lesions of type 3, followed by types 2, 1 and 4, in that order. The incidences of both argentaffin cells and mast cells were high within a 2-cm margin. When the incidence of argentaffin cells was compared with that of mast cells, infiltrating gastric cancers mainly consisting of type 4 tended to show a relationship between the incidence of both types of cell. The incidence of argentaffin cells in the lesions was 20.6%, showing an undifferentiated type and invasive growth, histologically. All the patients had mast cells, and especially large numbers of them were observed in those who showed lesions of undiffer-entiated types 3 and 4 invasive growth. When compared with those in the controls, the incidence of argentaffin cells was highest in patients with chronic gastric ulcer, followed by primary chronic gastritis and gastric cancer in that order. The incidence of mast cells was highest in patients with primary chronic gastritis, followed by gastric cancer and chronic gastric ulcer in that order. The determination of gastritic changes and the incidence of argentaffin cells revealed a relationship between the changes and the incidence and Paneth's cells in addition to the relationship between them and P, I and L factors according to Hirafuku's classification. However, there was no relationship between them and mast cells. In conclusion, the incidence of argentaffin cells in the gastric mucosa was considered to be increased as an accompanying effect of a main lesion and its concomitant gastritic changes.

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Depending on the photographic approach and the headband, one hundred sixty four subjects, including eighty two male students and eighty two female students, were examined to measure the angle of rotation, which is formed by the longitudinal axis of the external ear and the line of the bridge of the nose. They ranged in a age from 19 to 22 years with a mean of 20.9 years. None of them were evaluated for aesthetic surgery. The following results were obtained: 1) The hypothesis which postulates the longitudinal axis of the external ear is paralled with the line of the bridge of the nose, was not supported. 2) For the male group, the mean and the standard deviation of the angle of rotation were 16.0°±5.7°. 3) For the female group, they were 14.6±6.1°. 4) For the total group, they were 15.3±6.07°.
Purpose: When reconstructive operations of the congenital or acquired external ear defects are performed, newly-designed external ears are situated at certain angle of rotation around the external auditory meatus. However, very few findings of the methods measuring the angle of rotation have been reported. Therefore, in this paper one of the methods mentioned above is studied and described.
Method: Photographical approach using profile view of all subjects was adopted, because of its reasonable reliability and simplicity. At first, a small-sized single lens reflex camera with a telephoto lens of focal distance 100 mm, was set up along the imaginary line connecting subject's left external auditory foramen and her (his) right external auditory foramen. The distance from the camera to the right side face of the subject was approximately 150 cm.
Next, with the help of headband which was worn beforehand, the camera was carefully adjusted to be able to see through two horns of the headband. This adjustment was continued, until the right horn could hide the left horn. Then the picture of subject's right profile was taken for each subject. After the usual development and fixation of the films, the picture was enlarged to 24.8 cm × 16.8 cm for each subject. Each picture was utilized to define two standard lines for the measurement of the angle of rotation.
One of the two standard lines was called “longitudinal axis of the ear” and the other was called “line of the bridge of the nose” in this paper. The former was defined as the straight line connecting the highest point of the external ear and the lowest point of it on the enlarged picture of subject's profile. The latter was defined as the straight line connecting the highest point of the nasal bridge and the lowest point of the nasal bridge on the same picture. These two lines form the angle of rotation, which was measured by a graduator on each subject's picture.
One hundred sixty four subjects, including eighty two male subjects and eighty two female subjects in this study, ranged in a age from 19 to 22 years, with a mean of 20.9 years. Most of subjects were students in medical service and nursing schools. None of them were evaluated for aesthetic surgery.
Results : The pattern of the distribution did not differ extremely from normal bell-shaped distribution curve. Therefore, validity of arithmetic mean and standard deviation on these data was established. Then, arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated for three groups, namely the male group, the female group, and the total group.
For the male group, the mean and the standard deviation of the angles of rotation were 16.0° ±5.7°. For the female group, they were 14.6°±6.1°. For the total group, they were 15.3°±6.07°.
Conclusion : When reconstructive operations of the Japanese are performed, the newlydesigned external ear should be situated to show 16.0° of the angle of the rotation in male subjects or 14.6°in female subjects.

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To study the effect of repeated head percussion on cardiac functions, an accelerationdeceleration concussion model experiment was performed with adult mongrel dogs. As hemodynamic parameters, mean blood pressure, left ventricular pressure, maxLV dp/dt, aortic blood flow, common carotid arterial blood flow, regional myocardial blood flow (inner layer, outer layer), pressure rate product and total peripheral resistance were used, and standard limb lead electrocardiograms were recorded to study the heart rate, arrhythmia and ST changes. In addition, each of atropine sulfate (0.2 mg/kg), propranolol (0.15 mg/kg) and phenoxybenzamine (2mg/kg) was administered, and the mechanism of hemodynamic changes was studied comapratively. Results : (1) Relatively weak repeated percussion on the head caused elevation of blood pressure, left ventricular pressure, maxLV dp/dt and an increase in the cardiac output, which appeared to be a stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. (2) An increase of the common carotid arterial blood flow was considered due to a pressure-dependent increase of the internal carotid arterial blood flow caused by failure of the cerebral auto-regulating mechanism. (3) Slight bradycardiac tendency was observed, which was considered due to the barorecepter reflex, but no marked bradycardia and bradyarrhythmia was noted, such as seen immediately after a strong percussion, and in a weak percussion the effect on the parasympathetic nervous system seemed to be slight immediately after the injury. (4) From the measurements of pressure rate product and regional myocardial blood flow, it has been suggested that relative ischemia of the myocardial inner and outer layers causes ST changes.

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The properties of fetal human brain monoamine oxidase (MAO) was studied and the multiplicity of MAO was also studied on kinetic investigation, substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity using clorgyline and deprenyl. MAO activity was measured by radiometric assay using β-phenylethylamine (PEA), benzylamine, serotonine (5-HT) and tyramine as substrates. The MAO activities with all substrates tested were linearly proportional to enzyme volume and reaction time and the optimum pH with all substrates were about 8.5. In fetal human brain, Km value of MAO for PEA was 1.4 μM and was much lower than those for other substrates and Km values of MAO for tyramine, 5-HT and benzylamine were found to be higher than those in postnatal brain. Vmax value and specific activity of MAO for 5-HT were higher than those for PEA and benzylamine. The inhibition curves of MAO by the two inhibitors showed that the MAO-A/ MAO-B ratio was 1.5-3.0 in fetal human brain and the very low activity of benzylamine oxidase (BZAO) which may derive from vascular tissue rather than brain tissue were found using benzylamine as substrate. This result indicates that MAO-A predominates to MAO-B in fetal human brain despite the predominance of MAO-B in postnatal brain.

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The human myeloblastic leukemia cell line, ML-1, can be induced differentiation to mature macrophage-like cells by dimethylsulfoxide and protein factors in human peripheral blood leukocyte conditioned medium (LCM) . We can identify the stage of differentiation by morphological characteristics and various markers which express cellular functional changes. In this presentation, after ML-1 cells have been preincubated with low concentration of Actinomycin D and other DNA synthesis inhibitors (Cylocide, Methotrexate, Adriacin), they are incubated with addition of 1% LCM for 3 days. ML-1 cells can be induced differentiation by LCM alone and express increasing NBT reducing activity. Preincubation with low dose of such compounds, ML-1 cells demonstrate extremely increasing NBT reducing activity and can be induced differentiation to mature macrophage-like cells. Such phenomenon also occurs when they have been radiated by ultraviolet rays for a few seconds, followed by incubation with 1% LCM. These results suggest that differentiation of ML-1 cells would consist of at least two processes. One process would inhibit DNA synthesis directly or indirectly, another process would influence on the cell membrane. Actinomycin D, other DNA synthesis inhibitors and UV radiation are the first process, concerned with DNA synthesis inhibition. Incubation with protein factors in LCM is the second process, concerned with the cell membrane. From clinical aspects, these findings will be considered important because such low dose of DNA synthesis inhibitors and protein inducers can reduce side effects in leukemic chemotherapy and leukemic cells can be induced differentiation more effectively.

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This communication is a report on the clinicopathologic study that was conducted to clarify the characteristics of left axis deviation seen in elderly people. This series dealed with 1, 000 cases of consecutive autopsies performed on elderly patients. In this study -30°or greater angles of the mean frontal plane electric axis were classified under left axis deviation. According to this criterion left axis deviation was found in 147 cases (14.7%), and 189 controls (normal axis+left axis quasi-deviation) were chosen at random among the remaining 853. The incidence of left axis deviation was age-related in the patients of either sex over 80 years. The main complications consisted of myocardial infarction in 17.0%, bundle branch block in 13.0%, and both in 4.0%. Isolated LAD that supervenes on heart disease other than myocar-dial infarction or bundle branch block was present in 30.6%. Left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertrophy of the heart and coronary sclerosis were more advanced in patients with myocardial infarction than in controls, while there was no difference between patients with other complication and controls. Histologically, the involvement of the septum was the characteristic finding of myocardial infarction or myocardial infarction with bundle branch block that complicated in the cases with left axis deviation and the finding was noted in 43.8 and 50.0% respectively. When the frontal plane initial and terminal vectors (0.04 second) were compared in cases of left axis deviation, it was found that the terminal vector had a greater effect on the determination of the frontal plane mean electric axis than the initial one regardless of the presence of myocardial infarction. Myocardial necrosis as in myocardial infarction provides a partial explannation of the etiology of left axis deviation, but our experience suggests that cases of left axis deviation for the most part have nothing to do with hypertrophy of the heart or coronary sclerosis and that it is ascribable to conduction defects and myocardial fibrosis as bundle branch block is.

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The decline in the vibratory sense is one of the most important pathologic findings appearing in diabetic polyneuropathy. The vibratory sensory thresholds (VST) of 63 healthy persons and 139 diabetic patients were measured quantitatively by an electrically vibrated tuning fork and a vibrometer developed by us which indicate the VST in voltage. In both healthy persons and diabetic patients the VST of the index fingers and second toes showed an increase with the advancement of age. In the case of the vibratory sense of the fingers, the diabetic patient group showed a rise in the VST level compared with the healthy group, but this difference was small, while in the case of toes a significant difference in the VST level was indicated. The VST of 59 patients out of the same diabetic patient group were again measured five years later. The difference between the VST five years later and the previous VST values was taken to express degree of vibratory sense advancement, and its relationship with various factors was investigated. This degree of vibratory advancement showed a positive correlation with the mean fasting blood sugar and HbA1 (r=0.307, p<0.05; r=0.468, p<0.01 respectively) . It also showed a negative correlation with the toe peak wave measured by plethysmograph (r=-0.464, p<0.05) . It was, however, unrelated to the insulin response, serum lipid, obesity and presence of diabetic retinopathy. An examination was made to determine whether administration or non-administration of peripheral vasodilators or vitamin preparations caused any significant difference, but it seems that they could not prevent the aggravation of the vibratory sense over a comparatively long term of five years. From the above it is considered that glycemic control is of basic importance in preventing the decline in vibratory sense in diabetic patients.

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The fiber type composition and capillary supply in the rat diaphragm were compared with those of different hindlimb muscles. And then, the effects of sex difference and growth on these characteristics of the diaphragm were studied. Muscle samples obtained from the anesthetized rat were rapidly frozen and sliced transversely in a cryostat. The sections were stained histochemically by the succinate dehydrogenase method and the myosin adenosine tri-phosphatase method after preincubation at pH 4.3 to typify fibers. The capillaries were stained by the myosin adenosine triphosphatase method after preincubation at pH 4.0. The following results were obtained. The greater part of the rat diaphragm was composed of fast twitch fibers, as well as the fast muscle. The capillary supply in the diaphragm was richer than that of the hindlimb muscles studied. For the fiber type composition, there were no differences between male and female rats. The muscle capillarity in the female rats were more richer than that of male rat. The growth causes the changing properties of the motoneurons and the new capillary formation in the diaphragm. Since the diphragm was already adapted to a highly repetitive and low resistance type of activity, it assumed that the histochemical and morphological characteristics of the muscle fibers were related to the functional requirements of the diaphragm.

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A total of 246 patients with herpetic pain and postherpetic neuralgia have been treated in the pain clinic during the past 8 years. Nerve blocks were performed in 132 patients with herpetic pain. The treatment was continued till a satisfactory relief of pain gained. In the patients over 40 years old, the average of frequency and therapeutic periods of the treatment increased remakably. The patients were treated simply by nerve blocks in the pain clinic, but no patients of them complainted of postherpetic neuralgia.

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In recent years, the methods of operation of the hepatic metastatic cancer and the post-operative care has been established, and many cases reported on surgically resected hepatic metastasis of colorectal carcinoma has defended the aggressive surgical treatment because there exists no effective systemic therapy. Recently we experienced a case of partial liver resection for metatatic cancer from sigmoid colon with very satisfactory prognosis. A 56-year-old man, who had undergone the partial resection of sigmoid colon due to primary cancer in january, 1981, showed abruptly a high degree of CEA level after two years of the operation. A diagnosis of solitay hepatic metastasis from signoid colon carcinoma was made after careful examination and partial resection of liver was performed. The post-operative course was very satifactory for the patient and us. We might concluded that apparently solitary or localized hepatic metatatic lesions from colorectal cancer should be removed, because the liver cirrhosis was not complicated in the most cases and the treatment involved little sugical risks.

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A case, 68 years old female, of Morgagni's diaphragmatic hernia was reported.
A tumor-like shadow was shown in the right cardiophrenic angle on chest X-ray film.
By several examinations, it was revealed to be Morgagni's diaphragmatic hernia consisted of omentum only.
CT scanning of thorax and abdomen was useful, because the shadow showed homogenous and fat-like density from thorax to abdomen.

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