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Volume 70 (2010)
- Issue 6 Pages 445-
- Issue 5 Pages 377-
- Issue 4 Pages 281-
- Issue 3 Pages 203-
- Issue 2 Pages 105-
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Volume 70, Issue 3
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Original
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Masaru MORITA, Kouichi KADOMATSU, Yoshiaki HOSAKA, Taiju FUJIMURA2010 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 203-210
Published: June 28, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEpidemiological analyses of cleft lip/plate have often been performed, and multiple factors, including genetic and environmental agents, have been reported to be the causative factors. In this study, we investigated the association of cleft lip/palate with maternal age at delivery, parental smoking, and maternal alcohol consumption. The study population was comprised of 1,273 cases who had visited the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Department of Showa University before surgical operation from January 1989 to December 2005. We compared the data with the past data in our department and the statistical data from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. We found that maternal age and parental smoking rate were significantly associated with the occurrence of this disease, whereas there was no significant association with alcohol consumption rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (709K) -
Masaki HAYASHI, Tsuyoshi OKUDA, Hiroshi CHIBA, Masaaki NAGATSUKA, Taka ...2010 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 211-221
Published: June 28, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInflammation has been implicated in the initiation and progression of ovarian cancer, although the mechanisms underlying this effect are still unclear. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) allow immune cells to recognize pathogens and to trigger inflammatory responses. The tumor cell expression of TLRs can promote inflammation and cell survival in the tumor microenvironment. The present study evaluated the changes in 84 genes involved in the TLR pathway using a real time PCR array in 4 different histological types of ovarian cancer cells. The functional activity for TLRs was also demonstrated by the stimulation of cell lines with specific agonists and release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and CCL-2. The results are as follows: TLR6, 7, 8, 10 were upregulated in serous carcinoma cells; in particular, there was 15.9-fold over-expression of TLR7. TLR4 was upregulated in mucinous carcinoma cells. In contrast, there was no upregulation of TLRs nor down regulation of TLRs while a downregulation of MyD88 TLR adaptor genes was observed in clear cell carcinoma cells. The TLRs that were upregulated in these cells were functional, except for TLR7 in serous adenocarcinoma. In endometrioid carcinoma cells in which no TLRs were upregulated without stimulation, IL-6 and CCL-2 were induced by TLR5. On the other hand, no induction of proinflammatory cytokines was observed in clear cell carcinoma cells.These results suggest that TLRs appear to play a role in the development and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells, and each histological type of TLR may differently manipulate the inflammatory pathway through TLRs to thereby characterize their biological properties.View full abstractDownload PDF (509K) -
Kunitaka MARUYAMA, Masakazu NAGATA, Takashi FUKAGAI, Makoto SHIMADA, Y ...2010 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 222-227
Published: June 28, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, we measured and evaluated the bone density of untreated patients with prostate cancer in order to determine bone density and examine the effect of an oral bisphosphonate on osteoporosis developed after hormonal therapy. We measured the bone density of the lumbar vertebrae, the femoral neck, the total hip and the distal radius of patients with untreated prostate cancer, without bone metastasis, with DEXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry). In order to evaluate the preventive effect of an oral bisphosphonate on osteoporosis developed after hormonal therapy, we followed up a total of 48 patients for more than one year from the beginning of the treatment. We measured yearly the bone density of 22 patients who agreed to take risedronate, an oral bisphosphonate (2.5 mg/day) for prevention of osteoporosis, and 26 patients who did not take risedronate, and compared the changes in bone density. As to the effect of the oral bisphosphonate on osteoporosis after hormonal therapy, the bone density of the femoral neck of the risedronate treatment group after one year decreased by 1.1% compared to the pretreatment value, while it decreased by 5.0% compared to the non-risedronate treatment group. The bone density of the lumbar vertebrae decreased by 0.6% in the risedronate treatment group and by 4.5% in the non-risedronate treatment group one year after the start of treatment. These findings suggest that the decrease of bone mineral density was greater in the femoral neck than in other locations, and the oral bisphosphonate is effective in preventing the loss of bone mass associated with hormonal therapy in patients with prostate cancer.View full abstractDownload PDF (317K) -
Kei OMORI, Kunitaka MARUYAMA, Jun MORITA, Masashi MORITA, Michio NAOE, ...2010 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 228-233
Published: June 28, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTransurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is a standard surgical option for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, TURP might not be sufficient for patients with relatively small prostatic hyperplasia. Therefore, to determine sufficient therapeutic effect on prostate volume, a series of patients treated with TURP in our hospital from January 2002 to December 2006 were included in this study. 138 patients treated with TURP were evaluated utilizing the IPSS and QOL index and maximal urine flow rate (Qmax). 45 out of 138 cases were evaluated with a uroflowmeter. Patients were classified into two groups according to prostate volume (small prostate group = prostate volume < 30 ml; large prostate group = prostate volume ≥ 30 ml). There was a significant difference in therapeutic efficacy between the two groups. The large prostate group showed significant differences regarding all seven categories of the IPSS and QOL index. However, the small prostate group showed a significant difference in only one category of IPSS and QOL index. Comparison of the improvement QOL index level of both groups indicated that the large prostate group showed a significant improvement level. From the results of this study, the IPSS and QOL index and Qmax are related to prostate volume.View full abstractDownload PDF (306K) -
Takato NAKAJO, Akiko SASAKI, Hitoshi IZUMIYAMA, Takumi ABE, Go YAMAMOT ...2010 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 234-244
Published: June 28, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBecause glioblastoma is the most malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumor, it is very difficult to cure despite surgery and adjuvant therapy. At present, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are combined in the treatment of each patient. However, glioblastoma have radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance, and this is not a radical treatment. We suspect that the tumor stem cell affects the recurrence, radiotherapy resistance and chemotherapy resistance of the tumor. Many studies suggest that tumor stem cells play an important role in tumorgenesis and tumor progression. Using human glioblastoma cell lines (T98G, A172), irradiated (0 Gy, 30 Gy, 60 Gy) glioblastoma cells were prepared under the same conditions as clinical therapy. We performed the analysis of cell proliferation rate, side population analysis by FACS, isolation of CD133+ cells and genetic analysis (human stem cell), using these cells. In the results of this study, the stem cell-related genes were highly expressed in the CD133+ cells compared with the CD133- cells. Therefore, it suggested that the CD133+ cells may contain tumor stem cells. In T98G, when compared to unirradiated cells and 60 Gy-irradiated cells, the cell proliferation rate for 30 Gy-irradiated cells tended to be higher, and stem cell-related genes were highly expressed in 30 Gy-irradiated CD133+ cells. In other words, in T98G, from the viewpoint of antitumor effects, the results suggest that chemotherapy may show more effect in 30 Gy-irradiated. In this genetic analysis, we suggest that CD133+ cells strongly affect tumor proliferation. In addition, CD133+ cells affect the resistance and the effect of treatments because some kind of changes occur in CD133+ cells after radiation.View full abstractDownload PDF (714K) -
Sadayoshi NAKAYAMA, Akiko SASAKI, Ryousuke KUWANA, Atsuuji KUWAJIMA, T ...2010 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 245-252
Published: June 28, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo identify genes involved in hormone secretion and tumorigenesis, we compared genes in a null cell adenoma without hormone secretion and in a pituitary adenoma producing only TSH protein. At surgery, tissue was removed and frozen from two patients with null cell adenomas: two patients with TSH-producing pituitary adenomas, and one patient with a normal pituitary (as a control). Serial sections of each tissue were prepared, and tumor cells were isolated using laser capture microdissection. Total RNA was amplified using the T7 promoter and analyzed by DNA microarray. TIMP, co-expressed with MMP and involved in tumor growth, and cyclin B 1, involved in M phase cell cycle regulation, were identified as genes involved in tumorigenesis. Additional genes specific for TSH-producing pituitary adenomas were also identified: transthyretin, which plays a role in fibrous tissue formation; fibroblast growth factor, which is involved in growth hormone, prolactin, and TSH hormone secretion; CSH1, which regulates proteins involved in growth hormone and prolactin hormone secretion; forkhead box N4, which is a major transcription factor in the development and metabolism; and programmed cell death 6 interacting protein, which is involved in programmed cell death.View full abstractDownload PDF (574K) -
Nagisa KAMIOKA, Ikuo HONMA, Tomoko AKAHANE, Yoko KOHNO, Masafumi IIJIM ...2010 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 253-262
Published: June 28, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGene engineering techniques such as transgenic and gene knock-out animals are powerful tools to clarify gene function in the organism. It is known that a conserved gene between animals and humans plays a physiologically distinct role in the growth and differentiation of cells. Elucidation of the gene function in the human body is valuable for the development of novel medicines such as molecular target drugs. However, it is extremely difficult to engineer certain genes in humans. We present here an effective gene transfer method to three-dimensional skin culture (3D culture) with replicative-deficient adenovirus vector. The 3D culture is a human skin equivalent consisting of stratified keratinocytes and a dermal equivalent. We added the adenovirus vector onto the keratinocytes and into the cultured medium before starting the stratification. The expression level of the introduced gene continued at least 10 days after infection. Furthermore, we investigated the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the 3D culture with this method. We introduced the adenovirus expressing the dominant negative mutants (D/N) of PKCα, δ, ε and η to the 3D culture and examined their effects on growth and differentiation. D/N PKCα increased proliferation of the basal cells of keratinocytes, and D/N PKCδ caused irregular growth of some cells in the spinous layer. D/N PKCδ increased loricrin expression, a late marker of keratinocyte differentiation, whereas D/N PKCη decreased the loricrin expression. These findings indicate that a combination of 3D culture with the adenovirus vector is a useful tool for elucidating the gene function.View full abstractDownload PDF (1196K) -
Takeyuki OHTAWA, Keizo SATO, Masaya FUJISHIRO, Susumu NITTONO, Akihito ...2010 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 263-271
Published: June 28, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHumans and apes do not possess urate oxidase (UOX); hence, uric acid (UA) is the main end product of purine metabolism in these species. In other mammals with UOX, UA is further oxidized to allantoin (Alla) as the final product of purine metabolism. Based on these facts, we report a reliable method for identification of human urinary stains by the UA/urea nitrogen (UN) quotient, which is used as an indicator of the concentration of urinary components. From the results obtained, we have found that some New World monkeys excrete urine containing high levels of UA. Above all, urine from tufted capchin monkeys contained high levels of UA compared to those from humans and apes. In this paper, Alla and UA concentrations in plasma samples from humans, non-human primates, rats and guinea pigs were determined, and the Alla/UA quotients were compared among the mammals. The Alla/UA quotients for 16 humans and 6 apes were less than 0.1 and under 0.14, respectively. The Alla/UA quotients for 27 Old World monkeys were 0.7-2.0 while those of 5 prosimians, 5 rats and 5 guinea pigs were 1.2-3.0. For the New World monkeys, 5 common squirrel monkeys, 13 night monkeys, 9 cotton-headed tamarins and 8 common marmosets, the Alla/UA quotients were 0.9-1.8, 0.15-1.7, 0.2-1.3 and 0.2-1.0, respectively; some subjects in the latter three groups showed values similar to those in humans and apes. Alla/UA quotients from 11 tufted capuchin monkeys were 0.05-0.15, which was nearly the same as the quotient values of humans and apes. These results suggest that unlike humans and apes, tufted capuchin monkeys and some night monkeys, cotton-headed tamarins and common marmosets lack UOX activity in the liver.View full abstractDownload PDF (491K)
Case Report
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Atsushi SHIRAHATA, Kazuki SHINMURA, Youhei KITAMURA, Kazuma SAKURABA, ...2010 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages 272-276
Published: June 28, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 56-year-old woman complaining of a tender mass in the left breast and a headache entered our hospital. Pathologic examination of a core-needle biopsy yielded a definitive diagnosis of breast carcinoma. Chest-computed tomography scan and bone scintigraphy revealed axillary lymph node metastasis and bone metastasis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a solid well-circumscribed tumor in the right frontal-temporal lobes. The patient underwent successful tumor resection. Pathologic examination revealed breast carcinoma in the tissue of a fibrous meningioma. Hormonal therapy was subsequently given. Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is a rare event. We report an uncommon case of metastasis of breast carcinoma to an intracranial meningioma. A review of the literature and discussion of this uncommon event are presented.View full abstractDownload PDF (537K)
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