[in Japanese]

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To analyze the morphological structure of human bone marrow tissue in detail, preparation and observation of undecalcified specimens of bone marrow were performed, using“cut-all microtome” (made by Carl Zeiss Co., West Germany) . Stainings were H.-E. and Giemsa. Then the percentage of the areas of trabeculae and fatty tissues in the bone marrow were measured by means of a“Manual Optical Picture Analyzing System (MOP) ”. The bone marrow tissues were collected from 50 autopsies whose diagnosed diseases were: leukemia (25), aplastic anemia (3), myelofibrosis (2), multiple myeloma (6), non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma (7), Hodgkin's disease (3) and others (4) . Sites of investigation were the sternum, 1st and 4th lumbar vertebrae and femur. In the sternum and lumbar vertebrae, there was almost the same proportion of trabeculae and fatty tissue areas in almost all the diseases that were examined here. But, in the femur, there was a tendency toward a smaller ratio of trabeculae and a larger ratio of fatty tissues than in the sternum or vertebrae. There was no definite difference between the trabeculae areas among any of the diseases examined in this study. Marked decrease in the areas of fatty tissues was revealed in cases of myelofibrosis and chronic myeloid leukemia and increase in fatty tissues in a case of aplastic anemia.

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1. Ultrastructural histochemical distribution and intensity of adenylate cyclase (ACLase) activity were studied in the normal myocardial cells of the dog utilizing adenylylimidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) as a substrate and their alterations in acute ischemia were examined in correlation with the ischemic fine structural changes. 2. In the normal myocardial cell, the electron dense reaction precipitate of ACLase activity was intensely found in the terminal cisternae, subsarcolemmal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and moderately longitudinal tubules of SR, along the gap junction of the intercalated disc and sarcolemmal membrane. 3. In the ischemic myocardial cells, the reaction precipitate was transiently increased at 15 to 30 min after coronary occlusion and then decreased after 60 min in SR, together with the ischemic substructural changes such as loss of glycogen granules, the appearance of dense deposits in mitochondria, etc. After 3 to 12 hours, ACLase activity was faint or disappeared with the increasing ischemic ultrastructural changes. 4. Activation of ACLase activity in the early stage of myocardial ischemia is conceivable to be due to tissue reaction such as release of catecholamine from the ischemic myocardium and a comformational change in ACLase molecule in the ischemic state and its decrease from 60 min to 3 hours to the degradation of ACLase itself in the degenerative process of ischemic myocardial cells.

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We studied the protective effects of several interventions, propranolol, coenzyme Q₁₀, and both on acute ischemic myocardial injury in the dog. Acute myocardial ischemia was produced in mongrel dogs by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) under anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital. The 1st occlusion was performed for 15 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min. Coenzyme Q₁₀ (Co-Q) was administered intravenouly at 5 mg/kg 45 min and immediately before, and propranolol, 0.15 mg/kg, 15 min prior to the 2nd occlusion. Hemodynamic parameters were measured chronologically as follows : HR, mBP, CO. LVP and maxLVdp/dt and TPR. ΣST_IS (ST elevation in the ischemic portion) of intramyocardial electrogram and myocardial blood flow by H₂gas clearance method were examined. Parameters after the 1st occlusion were compared to those after the 2nd occlusion. We divided 6 groups as follows: (1) propranolol group, (2) Co-Q group, (3) propranolol and Co-Q group, (4) untreated group, (5) solvent of Co-Q group and (6) saline group. Untreated and saline groups did not show any significant changes in all parameters. In solvent group, hemodynamic data before the 2nd occlusion were partially lower than those before the 1st occlusion. In propranolol group, CO, maxL Vdp/dt, and HR decreased significantly after administration, but TPR increased inversely. ΣST_ISvalues were lower at 15 min in the 2nd occlusion compared to those in the 1st occlusion, but not significantly. In Co-Q group, CO decreased slightly, but LVP and maxLVdp/dt increased after administration. mBP and HR did not change largely. ΣT_ISvalues at 15 min in the 2nd occlusion was as large as those at 15 min in the 1st occlusion. In propranolol and Co-Q group, CO, maxLVdp/dt, HR and mBP decreased significantly after administration, but TPR increased remarkably. LVP showed no remarkable changes. ΣST_ISvalues at 15 min in the 2nd occlusion was significantly lower than those at 15 min in the 1st occlusion. Comparing these homodynamic parameters between propranolol solely and propranolol and Co-Q groups, they were not significantly different. ΣST_ISvalues at 15 min after the 2nd occlusion were significantly lower than those at 15 min in the 1st occlusion in propranolol and Co-Q group. From these results, we concluded that the combination of propranolol and Co-Q was the most beneficial in these groups for protection of ischemic myocardial injury.

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The substrate specificities and affinities of oxygen for monoamine oxidase (MAO) in beef, rabbit and rat livers and in human placenta were studied. MAO activity was determined by measuring oxygen consumption using Warburg's manometer at 38°C and expressed as μ1 O₂. Tyramine was most strongly oxidized by beef liver, rat liver and human placenta mitochondrial MAO in comparison to other substrates. PEA was more strongly oxidized than other substrates by rabbit liver. Each mitochondrial enzyme preparation was treated with one per cent Emulgen 810. After the solubilization of each enzyme preparation with this detergent, MAO activities decreased by about 30 % with each substrate, but substrate specificity was not changed, except for in the case of human placenta. That is, tryptamine oxidation often increased with solubilization of MAO in human placenta. High affinity for oxygen was observed with benzylamine or serotonin oxidation and low affinity for oxygen was observed with PEA oxidation. Affinities for oxygen were not changed by solubilization of MAO in rat liver, while the affinity with human placenta increased after solubilization. These results suggest that the classification of MAO in terms of substrate specificity was not relate to its classification in terms of affinity for oxygen.

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The nicotinic action of acetylcholine was studied from the view point of the haemodynamic effect and the plasma catecholamine concentration in dogs. The blood pressure and heart rate were measured at 0.5 min after intravenous injection of adrenaline (1μg/kg) and acetylcholine (1, 125, 250, 500μg/kg) with pretreatment of atropine (2mg/kg) in anesthetized dogs. The blood samples were collected from femoral vein at 0.5 min after drug administration. The plasma concentration of adrenaline and noradrenaline was measured by using Liquid chromatography. The blood pressure, heart rate and catecholamine concentration were increased with increase in dose of acetylcholine. After bi-lateral adrenolectomy, there were no changes in blood pressure and plasma catecholamine by acetylcholine (500μg/kg) . It is confirmed that the rise in blood pressure by nicotinic action with acetylcholine after pretreatment of atropine is mainly due to the release of adrenaline from adrenal medulla.

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Multiplicity of mitochondrial MAO in a male guinea pig brain, liver, kidney and intestine was studied, using tyramine, serotonin (5-HT) and β-phenylethylamine (β-PEA) as substrates, by inhibition of clorgyline, deprenyl and pargyline. The Km value of MAO in each organ for tyramine were the same, and it was about 100μM. And so, we used 200μM for each substrate concentration, and multiplicity of MAO in each substrate and multiplicity of MAO in each organs was studied from each inhibition curve. It was found that two types of MAO existed in brain, liver, kidney and intestine from double-sigmoidal curve by clorgyline and deprenyl toward tyramine. From definite substrate concentration, we compared ratio of type A MAO in each organ from part of plateau activity in pI curve. The ratio of type A MAO was highest in intestine following kidney, brain and liver in order. In brain and liver, it was thought to be about 50 percent. Three inhibitors showed different inhibition curve of MAO activity in each organs. These results may indicate the difference in selectivity toward both types of MAO. That is, clorgyline has high selectivity in inhibition of MAO, following deprenyl and pargyline in order. From these results, it was suggested that a male guinea pig has both types of MAO which was differed from ratio of type A and type B in each organ.

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The multiplicity of MAO in hog kidney mitochondria was studied by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The mitochondrial MAO was solubilized with 0.1% Triton X-100. Km value was not changed by solubilization, but it was found that type A MAO was inhibited by Triton X-100. The gel was removed from the tube and incubated at 37°C for about 1 hr with a mixture of tetrazolium and tryptamine as substrate. Two bands showing MAO activity were detected. Both bands simultaneously vanished by treatment with deprenyl and pargyline. These results indicate that the two coloured bands were type B MAO. On the other hand, the hog kidney mitochondrial preparation was run. After electrophoresis, MAO activities of each slice were measured toward tryptamine as substrate. Two peaks were obtained. One was inhibited by pargyline and one was thought to be of type A MAO. Mobility of type B MAO was examined using 10^-7M of [³H] -pargyline and it was found that the mobility of type A MAO differs from that of type B MAO. The molecular weight of these kidney mitochondrial MAO was found to be about 60, 000 and 140, 000. These results suggest that MAO in hog kidney mitochondria contains two types differing in mobility and major one is type B MAO and the molecular weight is about 60, 000 as minimum unit and composed of two protein subunits.

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The usefulness of long-term post-operative chemotherapy for stages III and IV gastric carcinomas was evaluated. Seventyseven patients with stages III and IV gastric carcinomas registered at the 4 institutions that constitute the Saitama Clinical Study Group on Cancer Chemotherapy, and they were classified according to stages of the disease's progression. Patients classified as having stage IV carcinomas were further sub-classified according to groups ; the first of which underwent complete, curative resection, a second that underwent a relative curative resection and a third that underwent non-curative resection. Each of these groups was further divided according to those that received less than 299g Tegafur suppositories in total (Group A) and those that received more than 300g (Group B) . The prognosis of each of the various groups was then compared based on actual measured 5-year survival rates. No significant differences in backgrounds were noted among the various groups, with the exception of a significant difference (p<0.001) between Groups A and B in factor-n for patients with stage III carcinomas undergoing complete curative resection. For patients with Stage III carcinomas, a significant difference in the results of complete curative resection was noted between Groups A and B (p<0.005), but no significant difference was noted between the two groups for those undergoing relatively curative resection. A significant difference between Groups A and B in 5-year survival rate was noted in patients with stage IV carcinomas (p<0.001) . The usefulness of long-term post-operative administration of Tegafur suppositories in the treatment of advanced gastric stages III and IV carcinomas is supported by this data.

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The neurovascular island flap is an accepted method of restoring sensation to a localized tactile area on the finger. Moberg first introduced this procedure and, thereafter, many surgeons have employed it, but transfer of sensation was not complete. Many patients experienced all stimuli sensations to the flap on the donor finger and complained of paresthesia on the flap itself. To resolve these ill-effects, the following procedure has been devised within the past five years, and good results have been obtained. After a neurovascular island flap is grafted on to an amputated digit, a digital nerve in a neurovascular bundle of the flap is released and cut, depending on the length of the digital nerve of an amputated digit, and sutured with the host nerve by microsurgical technique. By this procedure, reorientation was complete, and sensory recovery was better compared to that by Moberg's island flap.

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The myofibrous organization of the masseter muscles from eleven adult rats (five females and six males) was examined and the results were compared with those obtained on man and monkey and with those on other rat muscles. The muscle fibers were differentiated into three types by Sudan Black B staining. The following results were obtained ; 1) The number of muscle fibers per sq. mm in masseter muscles examined was greater in females than in males, in the same manner as that of trunk muscles. 2) The size of muscle fibers was greater in order of white, intermediate and red fibers in all subjects, and they were smaller than those in the appendicular and trunk muscles. 3) On the ratio of the three types of muscle fibers, the white fibers accounted for 47.3% of the superficial layer ; the intermediate fibers for 46.0% in the intermediate layer and red fibers for 41.5% in the deeper layers ; they showed the largest parcentage in the above respective layers. And these distribution patterns corresponded to those of the tibialis anterior muscle of rat. 4) In comparison with those of the masseter in crab-eating monkey, the size of rat muscle fibers was greater in white and lesser in red fibers than in the macaque, and the distribution pattern of each type of muscle fiber in the macaque corresponded to that of the intermediate layer in the rat.

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In this paper, the existence of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and benzylamine oxidase (BZO) was investigated in rat uterus. Also, the characteristics of MAO and the effects caused by the different phases of estrous cycle on MAO activity and BZO activity were studied. Wistar rats in four phases of the estrous cycle were used and different phases of the estrous cycle were examined by Allen Dosiy's smear test. From the inhibition curves of benzylamine (0.1 mM) oxidation by MAO inhibitors, clorgyline and deprenyl, the existence of a clorgyline-and deprenyl-resistant amine oxidase was proven in rat uterus. Remaining activities after clorgyline pretreatment were completely inhibited by the BZO inhibitor, semicarbazide. The proportions of MAO activity to BZO were about 40%. 5-HT was oxidized by MAO-A, benzylamine was oxidized by MAO-B, and tyramine was oxidized by both forms of MAO in rat uterus. The ratio of type A to type B MAO activities toward tyramine in rat uterus, those which were estimated from double-sigmoidal inhibition curves were about 70 to 30%, irrespective of tyramine concentration. The study on the effect of estrous cycle on MAO activity toward tyramine showed that specific activity significantly increased in di-estrus. Km values did not change significantly. The study on the effect of estrous cycle on BZO activity toward benzylamine showed that both specific activity and Km values did not change significantly. These results indicate that amine oxidase of two types of MAO and BZO exist in rat uterus, and MAO activity toward tyramine was influenced by estrous cycle.

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In order to clarify functional development of primates' upper extremity muscles, their muscles were studied on relative muscle weight and muscle fiber organization. The muscles from one adult pig-tailed macaque (P) and one infant chimpanzee (C) and seventeen adult humans (H) were weighted, and thin sections of muscle samples (P) were examined. Resulte were as follows : 1) The results of comparisons of the relative ratios of muscle weights for all upper extremity muscles were H>P (17%) >C in Triceps br., P (13%) >H>C in Biceps br., C>P (11.5%) >H in Flex. digit. prof., H>C>P (6%) in Brachialis, C>P (6%) > H in Flex. digit, superf. and P (6%) ≥C>H in Brachioradial. 2) On the comparison of total muscle fiber numbers in upper extremity muscles of the pig-tailed macaque, the following results were obtained : Triceps br. >Biceps br. >Brachialis ≥Flex. digit. prof.> Flex. digit. sup. >Brachioradial. 3) On the cross-sectional area of muscle fiber in pigtailed macaque, the mean sizes were relatively larger in Triceps br, and flexor muscle group in ante-brachii and larger in the flexor muscle group in the brachii, and so on, and smaller in extensor muscle group in antebrachii. 4) Consequently, the upper extremity muscles of the pig-tailed macaque could be assumed functionally close to those of humans, although morphologically, they are at a stage of development between that of chimpanzee and human.

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[in Japanese]

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A 24-year-old male was admitted with complaints of pyrexia and perianal abscess. Barium enema demonstrated the presence of skip lesions with stenosis and ulceration from ascending colon to sigmoid colon. Colonoscopy showed a bumpy surface and paracolonic sinus tract in the ascending colon. Pathohistological findings showed non-caseating sarcoid granu-lomas. From the findings, we diagnosed the lesions as typical of Crohn's disease of the colon. After approximately 40 days of adrenal corticosteroid and salazosulf apyridine thera-pies, colonoscopic findings showed improvement in the lesions.

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A 75-year-old woman with ophthalmoplegia was admitted to our hospital. She was known to have had diabetes mellitus for 30 years and her condition was maintained with glibenclamide for about 8 of those years, but her diabetes was judged to be out of control when her blood sugar rose to 300-400mg/dl. She had then had an episode of right third nerve palsy, which had cleared up within 3 months. Skull X-rays and cerebral CT were positive. In both of these, there appeared evidence of a calcified mass in convexity, and it was diagnosed to be convexity meningioma. It was our diagnosis that the third nerve palsy was due to diabetes mellitus, and that the meningioma existed regardless of the third nerve palsy.

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