Two divided peaks of albumin fraction, so-called double albumin, are sometimes observed in spite of the fact that albumin usually has been shown a big band on electrophoretic pattern of serum protein. There are two kinds of double albuminemia : one is acquired and the other is hereditary, the latter is called as“alloalbuminemia”.
In this paper, the chemical and physicochemical properties of alloalbumin (albumin-N and albumin-S) obtained from the healthy man who had been found alloalbuminemia by health examination and its hereditary characteristics were reported.
Albumin-N and albumin-S were observed with cellulose acetate agar, and disc electrophoresis. Albumin-S was more labile than albumin-N in the storage at 4°C, after stored for 2 months albumin-S migrated closely albumin-N, but not completely identical. No immunological differences between both albumins were observed. With Sephadex gel filtration and ultracentrifugation, both had almost the same molecular size.
Compared with the ratio of amino acids content in both albumins, albumin-S contained lesser glutamic acid and more prolin and basic amino acids than albumin-N. I speculate that the composition of albumin-S is like as proalbumin.
The type of hereditary trait of this alloalbuminemia had been certified normochromosomal co-dominant by the observation of 4 generations in this family.

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The biological role of the ferrous to ferric alteration in iron metabolism has not been sufficiently elucidated. However, one of the principal points of iron metabolism is the ferroxidase reaction in which the oxidation of iron is catalyzed by ceruloplasmin.
The effects of ceruloplasmin in iron kinetics were studied in hypoceruloplasminemic rats by copper deprivation. Consequently, markedly reduced plasma iron levels were found in copper deficient rats.
Both copper dificient and control rats were given intravenously 1.0μCi/100 g of body weight⁵⁹Fe chondroitic iron sulfate. In copper deficient rats, liver, spleen, kidney and bone marrow, radio-iron activities were higher than in control rats. Radio-iron incorporation into hepatic ferritin was also increased in copper deficient rats. The release of radio-iron from these organs to peripheral blood was impaired in deficient rats. However, the rates of clearance of carbon particles from blood, which indicated the granulopectic activities of the reticuloendothelial systems, were similar in two groups. In copper deficient rats, it was suggested that hypoferremia is the consequence of an inability to utilize storage iron.
These findings support the hypothesis that ceruloplasmin, becasue of its ferroxidase activity, accelerates the release of iron from reticuloendothelial system tissues to plasma.

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Study was carried out on the ototoxic effects of some aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as Vistamycin (VSM), Kanamycin (KM), and Gentamycin (GM), on experimental animals including adult, single nephrectomized, and newborn guinea pigs. A comparison of the ototoxic effects of each antibiotic was made by performing Preyer's pinna reflex test after consecutive intramuscular injections of these antibiotics, using an audiometer with the frequency range of 8000 to 10000 Hz and histopathological examination. The results are as follows:
A) Adult guinea pig
All guinea pigs receiving 400 mg/kg of VSM for 35 days showed the normal threshold of pinna reflex, and there was no histopathological change in their ears. All guinea pigs receiving 400 mg/kg of KM for 35 days caused complete disappearance of pinna reflex, and the loss of outer hair cells in Corti's organ was found throughout their entire turns. In guinea pigs receiving 80 mg/kg of GM for 35 days, one of them was normal in threshold but the rest caused disappearance of pinna reflex. According to the histopathological examination, one animal was in normal state but the rest caused complete loss in the outer hair cells turning over twice until the latter half.
B) Single nephrectomized guinea pig
By giving the same dosage as described above, guinea pigs showed the normal states not only in the reflex test but also in the histopathological examination of their inner ears. Animals receiving 400 mg/kg of KM for 35 days caused disappearance of inner reflex. According to the histopathological examination, outer hair cells in Corti's organ were deficient throughout their entire turns. Animals receiving 80 mg/kg of GM for 35 days caused complete disappearance of pinna reflex, but five of them were a partial or complete loss of outer hair cells throughout their entire turns.
C) Newborn guinea pig
Newborn guinea pigs, whose mothers were under administration of 400 mg/kg of VSM, showed a slight increase in threshold of pinna reflex, but there was no change in their microscopic examination. In newborn guinea pigs, whose mothers were under administration of 200 mg/kg of KM, most of them led to an increase in threshold of the reflex test but a few were normal. By the histopathological examination, the loss of marginal cells in the stria vascularis was observed in all animals, a few of which showed the loss of outer hair cells within the limits of the basal end turning over once. Two mothers died during this experi-ment but three delivered nine newborn animals. Six newborn animals led to an increase in threshold of the reflex test but the rest was normal. The loss of marginal cells in the stria vascularis was observed in all newborn animals, in some of which the loss of outer hair cells was localized in the basal end turning over once.

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The multiplicity and enzymic properties of MAO in mitochondria from bovine brain, liver and human placenta were investigated with method of the mixed substrates of tyramine, 5-HT and benzylamine. MAO activity was measured using Warburg's manometric method.
Specific activities and PS curves of MAO in those organs were observed to be striking differences among the above three substrates.
In the mixed substrates experiment in these organs, tyramine oxidation was competitively inhibited by benzylamine added to the reaction mixture, while 5-HT did not affect the oxidation. On the contrary, tyramine and 5-HT did not show any inhibitory effects on the benzylamine oxidation.
In bovine brain and human placenta, however, 5-HT oxidation was inhibited by benzylamine and in human placenta, 5-HT oxidation was also inhibited by tyramine.
The results obtained in this experiment indicated that MAO in those three organs might have multiple functional sites or at least two enzymes being in their different ratio in those organs.
Namely, it is considered that benzylamine and tyramine are oxidatively deaminated on a common active site respectively, but 5-HT on any other active site than having an affinity for them.

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The guinea pig bile duct connects to the duodenum through a sphincter area, a terminal cavity and an ampulla.
The evidence indicates that the bile duct proper extends only through the terminal cavity, while the ampulla is physiologically a part of the duodenum. Spontaneous electrical discharges of 15 to 25 per min. rise at the sphincter area and spread across the terminal cavity. They appear primarily along the surface of greater curveture of the cavity which also has the more highly developed portion of the nerve plexus. Simultaneous recordings of these discharges at several sites exhibit a phase delay from which a transmission velocity of 10 to 30 mm/sec can be culculated. The discharges which are observed as far as the end of the cavity abruptly end at that point and in most cases cannot be found in the ampulla. Further evidence of the separation is the fact that the ampulla contractions are coordinated with contractions of the duodenum. Weak duodenal contractions, such as pendulous movement, have no effect on the sphincter or terminal cavity discharges. However, large duodenual spikes do sometimes affect the bile duct discharges, but not in any systematic way, they sometimes inhibit and sometimes stimulate. In addition, the spontaneous sphincter discharges slow down and synchronize with the spike bursts associated with the duodenal slow wave whenever they occur.
Histologically the ampulla has the longitudinal and circular muscle layers characteristic of intestinal wall. The terminal cavity has a similar double layer of muscle which becomes a single dense bundle at the sphincter. The common bile duct consists of a muscle fiber group with no distinct layers being apparent.
The guinea pig bile duct follows a helical path just before it reaches the terminal cavity with the cavity itself at the apex of an acute angle bend into the ampulla. The terminal cavity is thus an active plenum having the sphincter at its input and a flap of muscle extending across the cavity-ampulla junction. The cavity along with this flap may act to control bile flow.
Bile flows into the terminal cavity through the sphincter area. Then, bile is forced into the ampulla by contraction of the cavity. When the ampulla contracts in unison with the duodenum, it forces its load of bile into the intestine.

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During 2 years (from 1975 to 1977), five patients suggestive of bullous pemphigoid (B.P.) by clinical and histopathological features were experienced and were carried out the direct immunofluorescence test (IF) with ordinary technique.
Four patients showed mainly IgG and Ciq deposits in a linear, homogenous pattern at the basement membrane zone (BMZ) . However one case revealed only IgA and C₃ in a granular pattern at the BMZ, which was reported to be characteristic for dermatitis herpetif ormis Duhring (D. H.) by Chorzelski et al.
From the result, four cases were diagnosed as B. P. according to the immunological, clinical and histopathological criteria of B.P., and one case was concluded as D.H. rather than B.P. immunologically.
The relationship between B.P. and D.H. was discussed in this paper.

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The influence of temperatures of between 15°C and 45°C on mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) from rat liver was studied. Results showed that its activities with four substrates increased markedly with increase in temperature. Simple activity curves were obtained with benzylamine and β-phenylethylamine as substrates whereas a pair of sigmoid curves jointed by a horizontal region was obtained with serotonin and a mixed curve was obtained with tyramine. The effect of heat-treatment on the mitochondrial MAO activities with the four substrates were also studied. The activities toward serotonin and tyramine were fairly heat-stable, but those toward benzylamine and β-phenylethylamine were heatlabile. These results suggest that there may by two different forms or separate active sites in an active center of the enzyme in rat liver mitochondria.

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The author has presented a case of asbestosis of the lung autopsied at the Tokyo-to Medical Examiner Office, and this case of asbestosis was the first case among the autopsies in the present office. This case was a 49-year-old male company employee and continued asbestos work during 6 years. After that, he was hospitalized and was treated 3 years under the diagnosis of lung tuberculosis. He died suddenly after 19 years from the hospitalization. Autopsy revealed asbestosis of the lung associated with cor pulmonale, and, therefore, the cause of death was thought to be the latter disease complicated by the former.

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A review was made about 286 cases of breast carcinomas, which were operated at our hospital during past 21 years. Two instances of multiple primary carcinomas were found in this group. These two cases were statisfied with the criteria of Warren & Gates and histologically, each case of them showed a dissimilar pattern. These cases are presented as follows:
Case 1. The patient was a woman, aged 57 years. A radical mastectomy had been performed elsewhere in 1966 for adenocarcinoma (medullary tubular carcinoma) of the right breast. In 1974 she was diagnosed as a carcinoma of the esophagus and endoscopically biopsied specimen of the esophageal lesion was proved squamous cell carcinoma. Because of an unresectable case, By-pass operation performed conservatively. 2 months after the second operation she died from cachexy.
Case 2. The patient was a woman, aged 58 years. In November, 1953, a mass was found in the left thyroid gland and remained untreated after conservative therapy for 2 months. The mass had enlarged gradually. In March, 1958, a mass was found in the left breast and she admitted to performed the operation on carcinomas of the left breast and of the thyroid gland. Immediately after admission, a radical mastectomy and a conservative left lobectomy of the thyroid gland were done. Histologically, the breast lesion showed medullary tubular adenocarcinoma and the lesion of the thyroid gland showed papillary-follicular adenocarcinoma. 7 years after the operation she died from the local recurrence of the carcinoma of the thyroid gland.

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Definite and classical, from II to IV stage rheumatoid arthritis, in our clinic in 1976 year were examined by roentgenography. Objects were 59 cases, 113 feet, male 10 and female 49, from 21 to 74 years of age.
Various roentogenographic changes were obtained at bones and joints of backhalf of foot in spite of light complaints and results were as followings.
Narrowing of joint space………52.2%,
Destruction of joint………13.3%,
These findings were remarkable at talo-navicular joint.
II) Bone-atrophy were noteworthy at external malleolus (71.7%), and inner malleolus (63.7%) .
III) Joints-destruction and ankylosis were strikingly at talo-navicular, cuboid bone, talocalcaneal and talo-crural joint.
IV) There were pes planus in 15.6%, pes planovalgus in 4.4%, pes cavus in 3.3% and pes calcaneus in 1.1%.

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