Influence of formalin and veratrine on the cardiac functions of Meretrix lusoria (sea clam) was studied by the suspension method of Engelman. Artificial sea water was prepared in accordance with Allen's prescription.
Application of 0.175% formalin solution caused the development of chronotropically negative action and the diastolic cessation of the heart beat in the end.
Veratrine solution of 0.01% caused the elevation of the tonus of cardiac muscles and finally the cessation of heart beat in the systolic state.
While, it was ascertained that the heart of Bufo ceased to beat in half contracted state by the action of formalin solution which is an eminent difference in the cardiac functions between Meretrix and Bufo.

View full abstract

Rabbits received the oral administration of GA (glucuronamide) and GL (glucuronolactone) for the comparison of their absorption and excretion. Absorption of GA was slower than that of GL showing a lower blood level of the glucuronic acid. While it is retained in the blood for a longer duration being excreted much slower than that of GL.

View full abstract

Employing Lorand's tocograph, the curves of labor pains were classified into a total of 17 wave types including 10 standard ones and observation were made on the onset of labor pains, intervals, wave types, frequency of pains and the power of contraction. Further, observations were also made on the weak pains, the influence of natural and synthetic oxytocin, quinine hydrochloride, methylergometrine, Buscopan, sex hormones, sugars etc as well as on the oxytocin sensitivity test of the uterus.
As for the wave types of normal labor, the majority showed VI-X type in the first stage of delivery, I-III type in the second stage of delivery, and X type in the third stage of delivery, namely, puerperium. The duration of labor pains was gradually prolonged from the initial stage toward the terminal stage of the first stage of delivery, but in the second stage of delivery, this period became shorter than that at the terminal stage of the first stage of delivery. And, moreover, intervals being shortened gradually, the frequency of pains was doubled in the second stage of delivery in comparison with that of the initial stage of the first stage of delivery. The power of contraction too was enhanced gradually from the first stage to the second stage of delivery.
As for the relationship between the tocogram and the period of delivery, the majority showed I₁ type and the mean period of the second stage of delivery was the shortest.
The wave types of weak pains were irregular in most cases. The period of labor pains too was shorter with longer intervals than that of normal delivery.
Those who received natural oxytocin showed no particular difference in the curves of labor pains, but their period of labor pains was prolonged and the frequency was enhanced. When intravenous drop injection was applied, the injection of 40 drops per hour was found to be most effective. Findings of synthesized oxytocin were the same. In the case of quinine hydrochloride, the administration of the 2 doses of 0.25 gr was superior than that of a single dose. Use of methyl-ergometrine in the third stage of delivery could shorten the period of the third stage of delivery. Use of Buscopan during the period of delivery caused temporary weakening of the labor pains but shortened the period of delivery as a whole. Use of Estrogen on the pregnant women whose term had already been expired failed to show any remarkable effects. Use of Progesterone produced the temporary weakening of the labor pains. Immediately after the use of sugar during the period of delivery caused the temporary weakening of th labor pains lasting only for 10 minutes or so, but afterwards they became stronger than befor administration.
Nixon and Smith's sensitivity test was applied on 20 cases, of which 12 cases were in agreement with the table of Nixon and Smith. This test, therefore, is considered to be a reasonable method for the prediction of the beginning of delivery.

View full abstract

On an assumption that the development of human gastric ulcer may have some relation to the distribution of gastric artery, a detailed investigation was made on the arterial distribution in the gastric walls. First of all, distribution of the subserous artery of the gastric wall was investigated employing dogs in order to know the difference in arterial distribution by the region of the gastric wall.
Result of this investigation revealed that the arterial distribution was extremely thick in the region inside of the middle axial line and nearer to the lesser curvature. While, it formed the zona arterie perf orans around the middle axial line. In the region outside of the middle axial line, the distribution of small arteries formed arterial sparse network. In the region around the greater curvature, the dexter and sinister gastroepiploic arteries and the short gastric arteries formed the zona small arterie and, in its zona intermedius, they showed mutual anastomosis with the arterie recurrens.

View full abstract

1. The author's intention was to research the mode of inheritance of typical schizophrenia. It contained so many latent elements, however, that the research seemed to be rather difficult.
To meet these difficulties the author preferred the way to choose 39 cases of family schizophrenia (typical parents-child and siblings schizophrenia-Group A) and compared them with 26 cases of dominant typical schizophrenia without schizophrenic sibling (Group B) and with 19 cases of typical schizophrenia without any inheritance (Group C) .
2. All cases in the same family were considred to be almost concordant as to the clinical picture and inheritance of the disease. Comparatively few schizoids were found in Group A, while rather many schizoids in Group B, and many schizothymics as well as few schizoids were observed in Group C. Within the author's cases it happened that usually a parent only bore the gene.
3. The study on the total siblings of a family was to be of great help to decide the mode of inheritance. In order to ascertain the character of siblings except the schizophrenics, he tried not only to give them personality tests but to know their exact life history in detail, limiting the subjects to those older than 25 years of age. He classified the date according to Kretschmer's method. The result indicated the possibility of Mendel Analysis on the point of the incomplete dominant inheritance of the typical schizophrenia, on which Dr. Takemura, the fellow student, had discussed in his papers.
4. The observations on the family in Group A and B in which the direct heredity from parents to child were observed resulted as follows :
1) Among the hebephrenics in Group A, the ratio of the schizophrenics to the normal persons (including the schizothymics) was 10: 8 : while among the catatonics, the ratio was 25 : 20. Either was over 1. The numbers of the genetic carriers were greater than those of the non-carriers.
2) In Group B, the ratios were 7 : 8 and 6 : 5. Either was nearly 1.
3) As for the parents-child schizophrenics (including the schizoid parents) the ratios were 17: 16 and 31: 25. The former was almost equal to 1, while the latter showed that the numbers of the genetic carriers were greater than those of the non-c rriers.
5. The findings as for the family in which the direct heredity from parents to child could hardly be recognized were indicated as follows :
1) Among the hebephrenics in Group A, the ratio of the schizophrenics and schizoids to the normal persons (including the schizothymics) was 42 : 41, and it was nearly 1.
2) Among the catatonics in Group A, adding the schizothymics to the genetic carriers, the ratio was 12 : 12 and it was just 1.
3) Among the hebephrenics in Group B, adding the schizothymics to the genetic carriers, the ratio was 19 : 22 and it was nearly 1.
4) Among the catatonics in Group B, the ratio was also as much as 1.
6. In Group C, adding the schizothymics to the genetic carriers just as mentioned above, the ratio of the genetic carriers to the normal persons (the non-carriers) was equal to 1.
7. Through these observations, the author wants to conclude that the simple incomplete dominant inheritance is the most prominent as to the mode of inheritance of typical schizophrenia, assuming that all the schizoids and most of the schizothymics in the schizophrenic family should be the genetic carriers.

View full abstract

Blue globulin substance which has a marked fibrinolytic activity were isolated from 10 folds redistilled water diluted dog plasma by acetic acid precipitation at pH 5.9.
When blue globulin substance was injected to renal artery of rabbits, proteinuria, hematuria and cylinduria can be seen clinically. Diffuse glomerular nephritis was demonstrated histologically.
When rabbits were treated with large amounts of vitamin C intravenously before injection of globulin substances, rabbits were prevented from nephritis clinically and histologically.
Repeated injection of vitamin C to rabbits caused increase of 17-ketosteroids in urine with elevation of serum vitamin C levels.
After injection of blobulin substance to rabbits, there were increase of vitamin C excretion in the urine temporarily.

View full abstract

In the present experiment, female rats received subcutaneous injections of diethyl-paraniro-phenyl-thiophosphate (Parathion) in a dose of 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 mg/kg twice per week over a prolonged period of time and the influence of this injection on the mother rats and new borns (on the 1st, 3rs and 7th day) was investigated by pathomorphological survery with a special ref ence on the skeletal muscles.
As for the new born rats, lesions produced are divided into two kinds of the growth disturbance and the regressive changes. Namely, on the 1st day, changes are characterized by the growth disturbance, on the 3rd day, regressive changes become predominant under the modification of the growth disturbance. While on the 7th day, there is a morphological manifestation of the weakening of regressive changes. Changes observed on the 3rd day, however, are the severest.
On the other hand, changes of the mother rats are characterized by the circulatory disturbance, namely, vascular dilatation, hyperemia and congestion, swelling, increase in the vascular permeability due to degeneration, infiltration of round cells and deposition of edematous exudate in the perivascular interstitium, reparative reactions against the said tissue destructive changes and, moreover, the production of lattice fibers and argyrophilic fibers in the interstium as a process for organization advancing further into the hardening of the lesions through the replacement of muscular tissues by the connective tissue fibers.
It is considered, further, that aside from the toxicity of Parathion, namely, the disturbance caused by CHE, the inhibition of oxydoreductase system together with the hypoxydose due to the administration of Parathion are influencing on the mother rats as well as their embryos via placentally through the porpetual exposure in the maternal body producing the changes described herein.

View full abstract

A pharmacological investigation was made on S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate (BTMP) and stated in the following are the results obtained thereof.
Mice received and intravenous injection of BTMP in a dose of 2, 000 mg/kg showed acute intoxication and its LD₅₀ was found to be 2, 450 mg/kg. Namely, its toxicity is quite low.
Likewise vitamin B₁, there is a temporary lowering of the blood pressure in the rabbits received BTMP, but the elevation of the blood pressure which follows the injection of vitamin B₁ does not occur in the case of BTMP. Administration of BTMP increases the amplitude of cardiacc pulse, dilates coronary vessels and promotes respiration. BTMP causes contraction of the ear vessels of the rabbit, while the hind leg blood vessels of the toad dilate when the concentration is low and contract when the concentration is high.
BTMP enhances the hypertensive effect of adrenaline on the rabbit, but it antagonizes the contractive effect of adrenaline on the hind leg vessels of the toad. And, moreover, it shows no influence on the effect of acetylcholine:
BTMP promotes the motility of the smooth muscle organs (extirpated intestine and uterus of the rabbit) .

View full abstract

Following the administration of CCl₄ on rats, or simultaneously, sodium glucuronate (Sod G) or glucuronolactone (GL) was administered on the same rats in order to know their influence on the glutathione (GSH) reduced by CCl₄.
Following the successive subcutaneous injections of CCl₄, the concentration of GSH in the blood, cerebrum and the liver showed a gradual increase. Successive administration of Sod G or GL after the administration of CCl₄ could inhibit this increase in the concentration of GSH.
Subcutaneous injections of CCl₄ repeated every other day produced the elevation of GSH concentration in the blood and the liver, and the combined administration of Sod G and GL could inhibit this elevation of GSH concentration.
Thus, from the standpoint of GSH metabolism, it was found that glucuronic acid influences on CCl₄ and that Sod G and GL are different in the intensity of their influence depending on the organs examined and the method of their administration.

View full abstract

Rats received the administration of 2-methyl-4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrimidine (OMP) and the derivatives of glucuronic acid for the observation of the changes produced in the glutathione contents of the blood as well as various organs.
1. Subcutaneous injection of OMP produced an evident elevation of the reduced glutathione GSH in the cerebrum, but this elevation was inhibited by the simultaneous administration of pyridoxine (VB₆) . Administration of OMP produced no appreciable changes in the blood GSH concentration, but the GSH concentration of the kidney and the liver showed a lowering tendency several hours after its administration.
2. A single time intraperitoneal injection of sodium glucuronate (Sod G) and glucuronolactone (GL) generally produced the lowering in the GSH concentration of the cerebrum and the kidney. While, the GSH concentration of the liver showed an elevation 24 hours after administration in either case.
3. Successive intraperitoneal injections of Sod G produced the elevation in the GSH concentration of the cerebrum, the kidney and the liver. Whereas, in the case of successive administration made with GL, though there was a slight elevation in the GSH concentration of the kidney, no appreciable changes were recognized on the cerebrum and the blood and the liver showed a tendency of mild lowering instead.

View full abstract