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Volume 44, Issue 1
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Katsumi SEGAWA, Chifuyu TAKESHIGE1984 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
Published: February 28, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of vagal unit discharges appearing in the finely desected central end of the cervical vagus nerve and respiration were recorded simultaneously on an oscilloscope in urethane anesthetized rabbits. Some neurons on one side of the severed vagal nerve continuously discharged, with an almost constant frequency. These kinds of discharges changed and became periodic, increasing firing rates during inspiration and decreasing during expiration, and new discharges appeared concomitantly with inspiration or expiration after the other side of the vagus was severed, or when cold-blocked with chlorethyl. Such periodic discharges once again became continuous, and newly-appeared discharges were extinguished by low frequency stimulation of the other side of the vaqus. The continuous discharges were inhibited by high f requeny afferent stimulation of the desected same side vaqus nerve. Central respiratory mechanisms were proposed as following by these vagal respiratory discharges : 1) Two kinds of inspiratory (IC1 and IC2) and expiratory (EC1 and EC2) centers exist in the respiratory center. 2) EC2 and IC2 caused expiratory and inspiratory discharges in the vagus eenters respectively, under abolishment of vagal afferent impulses. 3) IC1and EC1converged in some neurons in the vagal center and caused continuous vagal discharging. Vagal afferent nerves inhibited IC1, which inhibited EC1, therefore, IC1excitability is enhanced under the absence of vagal afferent impulses, increasing the firing rate of vagal continuous discharges during inspiration, and increased IC1excitability enhances the inhibitory effect on EC1, decreasing firing rate in continuous discharge during expiration. Wyss's observation that a different respiratory effect was induced by different stimuli frequencies of the vagal nerve can be explained by the above and following: 1) IC1is inhibited by high frequency vagal afferent stimulation and, hence, the inhibitory effect of IC1on the expiratory center subsides. As a result, expiration was induced by high frequency vagal stimulation. 2) EC2is inhibited by low frequency vagal afferent stimulation and, hence, the reciprocal inhibitory effect of EC2on IC1disappeared. As a result, inspiration was induced by low frequency vagal stimulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (5737K) -
Kazumasa TANAKA, Namika TANAKA, Kazukiyo NAKAGAMI, Hajime SUZUKI, Eise ...1984 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 11-16
Published: February 28, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, we observed serum theophylline concentration, clincal symptoms and signs, plasma cyclic AMP (c-AMP) and cyclic GMP (c-GMP) in asthmatic patients. 10 normal subjects and 24 asthmatics were studied for cyclic nucleotides. 5 normal subjects and 15 asthmatics were studied for serum theophylline concentration, respiratory resistance and cyclic nucleotides by concentrated intravenous infusion of 250mg Neophyllin in 500ml 5 % glucose in 2 hr. Serum theophylline concentrations were determined by i-PiT system, and plasma cyclic nucleotide concentrations were determined by RIA, according to the method of Steiner et al. Respiratory resistance and clincal symptoms in 6 asthmatics decreased and finally disappeared, as established by changes in serum theophylline concentration. Clinical condition of high dose group improved more remarkable than that of low dose group in the range of effective serum theophylline concentration. There were no significant differences between asthmatic-attacked, non-attacked and normal subjects in the plasma cyclic nucleotide consentration before the administration of theophylline. The ratio of c-AMP to c-GMP (A/G) similarly showed no significant differences. In asthmatic-attacked and normal subjects, plasma c-AMP concentration decreased in 1 hr, compared with the concentration before the administration of theophylline and was increased for the entire time. In non-attacked subjects, it increased with time. These results suggested that cyclic nucleotides in these three groups showed different concentrations with time.View full abstractDownload PDF (525K) -
Kiyoshi NAKAMURA1984 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 17-35
Published: February 28, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough the operating procedures for correction of cleft lip and palate are nearly perfected, a puzzling problem remains, namely, the hypogrowth of the maxilla which becomes conspicuous as the patient grows. Numerous animal experiments have been conducted to trace the causes of maxillary hypogrowth to palatoplasty. On the other hand, some clinical research and animal experiments have revealed that cheiloplasty also has some effect on maxillary growth. However, by surgical intrusion on the“soft tissue alone”, the influence exerted on facial growth is not known, therefore, the author conducted animal experiments to elucidate this phenomenon. Rats weighing 100 g were divided into a total of seven experimental groups, i.e. three basic groups and four others representing a combination of the three basic groups. Each of the three basic groups was characterized by the following: 1) broad undermining of the soft tissue, 2) removal of the periosteum and 3) excision of the upper lip. These experiments revealed that the growth of the premaxilla anteroposterior diameter was inhibited in all experimental groups, and this growth disturbance was found to exist irrespective of periosteal excision ; the impact of the surgery gradually diminished and no hypogrowth was found to occur. In a group of rats whose upper lips were excised by 0.6 cm, the growth distubance was found milder in severity than in the first group (rats with undermind soft tissue. Thus, it was found that undermining of the soft tissue has greater influence on maxillary growth than excision of the upper lip. Histological study revealed that the periosteum is regenerated at an early postoperative stage, and bone calcification made rapid progress without inhibiting osteogenetic activity, even right after surgery. From this, it was considered most likely that the direct cause of maxilla growth disturbance can be traced to physical pressure that arises around the maxilla and premaxilla.View full abstractDownload PDF (14434K) -
Nobuyuki SAGEHASHI1984 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 37-42
Published: February 28, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne year after the palatoplasty, patients were examined for the maxillary growth of the unilateral complete cleft lip and palate by xeroradiograph. Wire markings were placed on the cleft margin of the posterior nasal spine in order to know the maxillary growth more clearly. With this method, it was possible to demonstrate which section of the palate (cleft side or non-cleft side) was mainly correlated with maxillary growth and how palatoplasty affects maxillary growth. The result of the analysis is as follows: 1) definite reduction in the cleft palatal gap at 1 year after the palatoplasty; 2) the cleft side of the palate showed a greatly superior growth rate compared with the non-cleft side of the palate. A possible explanation of this phenomenon might be that the tension of the repaired palate was significantly responsible for the reduction in the palatal gap, and, in addition, that the dynamism of palatal growth is considerably preserved after the palatoplasty.View full abstractDownload PDF (1783K) -
Mamoru MIYASHITA, Yoh UMEDA, Katsumori TAZOE, Hitoshi MASANO, Yoshitug ...1984 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 43-49
Published: February 28, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing blood taken from the umbilical cord following human post-partem, the helper activity of T cell subclasses and monocytes in immunoglobulin production were measured to investigate cellular immunity in the neonatal period. Decreased helper and increased suppressor activities of T cells were observed. This suppressor activity was found in both theophyllineresistant T cells (TR) and theophylline-sensitive T cells (Ts) . Decreased helper activity of non-T cells, i. e. B cells and macrophages, for immunoglobulin production was also observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (667K) -
Keiichi MIYASAKA1984 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 51-59
Published: February 28, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of investigatingin vivometabolism of antineoplastic agent, especially metabolism in tumor, 5-FU was administered to gastric cancer bearing dogs and nude mice transplanted the tumor from the canine cancerous stomach, and the constituents of 5-FU metabolites, macroautoradiogram, microautoradiogram, and the 5-FU concentration in the transplanted tumors were examined. i) When the constituents of 5-FU metabolites were examined, activating substances (5-FU, FUR and F-Nucleotide) were found 75.6% in the cancerous tissues and 60.4% in the normal tissues by oral administration, whereas 22.7% in the cancerous tissues and 24.7% in the normal tissues by intravenous administration. ii) Macroautographic findings revealed that the 5-FU distribution was always higher in the cancerous tissues than in the neighboring normal tissues, especially higher in the superficial layer than in the profound layer of the stomach in case of oral adminsitration. This trend was also confirmed on microautogram. On the other hand, it was highly distributed in the peripheral area of the cancerous tissues of the stomach but less in the center of the tumor in case of intravenous administration. iii) When 5-FU dry syrup was orally adminstered to nude mice to which the canine cancerous tissues were transplanted, an absorption of 5-FU from the transplanted tumors began from 2 minutes following administration and the nearly the same concentrations were maintained even after 2 hours. From these results, it is considered that the antitumor effects of antineoplastic agent depended more largely on the metabolism in the tumors than in the blood.View full abstractDownload PDF (4385K) -
Yoko MATSUYAMA, Seiichiro INOKUCHI, Masataka SUZUKI1984 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 61-73
Published: February 28, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing X-ray CT (computed tomography) images, hypodermic fatty layers were surveyed in 26 adult humans (10 males, 16 females) . CT images were taken at 7 different longitudinal levels of the torso, and quantities determined from images included total cross-sectional area, the hypodermic fatty layer area and thickness of the layer at 6 positions (denoted A-F on circumference) on each cross-section. The differences between three different body types, which were defined by the Rohrer Index, were discussed. Differences between the sexes were also discussed. 1) Total cross-sectional area : In males, values showed maximum at 2 levels (mid-point of sternum, xiphoid) among 7 levels ; and, for females, 2 maximal values appeared at the mid-point of the sternum level and the level of the pubic symphysis. Values at the umbilicus level were smallest in both sexes. 2) Areas of hypodermic fatty layer : Here, the values for males were maximal at the umbilicus level, next largest were found at the lower abdominal level. For females, however, the maximal values appeared at the pubic symphysis and lower abdominal levels and values for the umbilicus level followed in magnitude. 3) Hypodermic fatty layer area ratios to those of the total cross-sectional area: Values here were largest at the umbilicus level in both sexes. For males, the ratio at the lower abdominal level and at the pubic symphysis level followed in this order : For females, the order of magnitude of values was reversed beween those two ratios. The most minimal ratio appeared at the level of the xiphoid in both sexes. A tendency towards higher ratios in females than in males was seen at all 7 levels for bodies of the A-type. This was seen, however, only at levels below the upper abdomen for bodies of the C-type, and at all levels, except the umbilicus and lower abdomen, for bodies of the D-type. 4) Thickness of the hypodermic fatty layer : The maximal values in this layer appeared at point F for the superior border, midpoint and xiphoid of sternum levels. For the upper abdominal level, maximal values appeared at point A, and for the umbilicus level, at point D. They were all found at point C for the lower abdominal level and at point A for the pubic symphysis level.View full abstractDownload PDF (5394K) -
Ken TAKAHASHI1984 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 75-81
Published: February 28, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn patients undergoing conservative therapy for chronic renal failure, it is important to clarify the natural history and various factors that affect the progress of the disease, not only to observe the effects of various treatments, but also to ascertain when dialysis therapy should be initiated. Thus, we studied the natural histories of 85 patients with chronic renal failure and the time course of the reciprocal number of serum creatinine showed a linear regression. The slope of the line is a good indicator of the progress of renal failure and was shown to be relatively steep in patients with high diastolic blood pressure, with high BUN/creatinine ratio, who were under 29 years of age and whose underlying disease was diabetic nephropathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (760K) -
PART. 1. BASIC STUDYTsukasa FUJIMOTO, Hiroki MIKAMI, Akira SAKURAI, Yoshiharu FUKUSHIMA1984 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 83-89
Published: February 28, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTissue adhesive, TISSEEL, is composed of physiological substances; human fibrinogen, thrombin and coagulation factor XIII. For the purpose of the clinical application, experimental studies were performed in vivo to evaluate its strength as adhesive and other character. Experiment one : At first, rabbit's dura mater and fascia were fixed with TISSEEL in vitro and it was affirmed that adhesive strength became enough to seal not only cerebrospinal fluid pessure but arterial pressure 5 min after the application. Then using 20 rabbits, bone windows were made on head bilaterally and square dural pieces were cut off. At one side, dura plasty with TISSEEL was performed and at the another side, exposed arachnoid membrane was coated with TISSEEL. Histological changes were studied by one month later. Histological adhesion occurred between dura mater and leakage of cerebrospinal fluid did not occur. Brain cortex was intact under the arachnoid membrane coated with TISSEEL. Experiment two : Using 35 rats, right carotid artery (0.8-1.0 mm in diameter) and femoral vein (1.0-1.2 mm in diameter) were exposed. Following clamp at both proximal and distal ends, vessel was cut off. Then two stitches were put on and good adaptation of both edges was done, then coated with TISSEEL. Five minutes after in the case of artery and three minutes after in the case of vein, clamps were released. After 2 weeks, the adhesive allows the exact, flat adaptation of the wound edges and promoted flawless scar formation. This tissue adhesive on a physiologically basis has several advantageous character ; the area to be glued need not to be dry, it has elasticity, no hypertrophic tissue reaction, deniable neurotoxicity. TISSEEL can be applied in widely varying areas of neurological surgery.View full abstractDownload PDF (6588K) -
PART 2. CLINICAL STUDYTsukasa FUJIMOTO, Ryoichi NAKAMURA, Takayasu MIYO, Junichiro ASAI, Yos ...1984 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 91-99
Published: February 28, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTissue adhesive, TISSEEL, is composed of physiological substances ; human fibrinogen, thrombin and coagulation factor XIII. We previously examined its strength as adhesive and other character in vivo experiments. It has enough adhesive strength for sealing cerebrospinal leakge and anastomosis of artery. It has elasticity and deniable neurotoxicity, and minimum hypertrophic tissue reaction occurs.
In this paper, varying clinical application of TISSEEL in neurosurgical operation are reported and it's indication is discussed. It was used in fortyfour surgical procedures which were performed since Jan. 1982 to Jan. 1984. Those are dura plasty or repair of dural defect after tumor removal, including seal of lamina cribrosa f olowing total removal of olfactory groove meningioma and repair of sellar base after transsphenoidal approach for pituitary adenoma. In 3 cases, opened frontal sinus was sealed quite easily and safely. Two extracranial-intracranial anastomosis and repair and reinforcement of injured bridging vein were successfully performed. In 15 cases it was used for the purpose of hemostasis and it was quite useful. Although we havo no own experience of nervous anastomosis with this adhesive, there are reports about it and it seems to be in good indication.
TISSEEL could be applied in widely varying procedure of neurosurgical operation. But it still has problem which should be solved. It takes 15-20 min to dissolve TISSEEL with aprotinin solution and it's inconvenient when it is needed urgently. Possibility of hepatitis must be considered because this is made from human serum fibrinogen. There was no case of hepatitis in our cases. TISSEEL is made from negative HB antibody serum and it seemed to be no fear of infection of hepatitis.
In neurosurgical operation, progression of the way of reconstruction or repair of membrane (dura mater and arachnoid membrane), vessels (artery and vein) and nerve fiber would be quite important and this physiological adhesive would be one of the most useful way.View full abstractDownload PDF (5047K) -
Yoh UMEDA, Hiromitsu SHU, Mamoru MIYASHITA1984 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 101-104
Published: February 28, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince it became known in the year 1889, the etiology of this syndrome has been studied on various aspects. Many investigators have demonstrated the genetic aspect of this disease. In fact, the autosomal dominant inheritance factor is now quite clear. Genetic transmission of this syndrome has been reported in 60 cases nationwide. In the present study, the disease was passed from father to son. We have reviewed the literature, especially that on family histories of Japanese suffering from Treacher Collins Syndrome, as hereditary transmission was establiahed in this study.View full abstractDownload PDF (3256K) -
Heiji OKAMOTO, Yutaka MAKIZUMI, Fumiaki SAGAWA, Hideyasu AOKI, Kaisuke ...1984 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 105-108
Published: February 28, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 51-year-old female patient was admitted complaining of bloody stool. By endoscopic polypectomy, a flat polypoid lesion with depression (II a+ II ctype) was found at 9 cm from the anus, it was 17×17×9 mm in size and a histologically well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with submucosal invasion. Post-polypectomy ulceration seemed to have decreased in size, with conversing folds 20 days later. Thereafter, polypoidic protrusion appeared at 35-day follow-up study, and surgical resection was performed because of invasive carcinoma 42 days later. The protrusion consisted of non-specific granulation and regeneration of epithelium, therefore it is considered due to more excessive granulation that found with replacement of regenerative epithelium. To our knowledge, no case similar to this has been reported; namely, with a protrusion in healing stage of ulceration.View full abstractDownload PDF (4214K) -
Katsuyuki OHNO, Hisashi OKA, Kouji SHIMIZU, Michio SAKAMOTO, Kentarou ...1984 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 109-112
Published: February 28, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: September 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 22-year-old female was admitted with symptom of anal bleeding. No abnormalities were found on physical examination, except for a small polypoid lesion on the posterior wall of the rectal ampulla, about 6cm from the anus. The mass was revealed by radiological and endoscopic study ; it was evenly covered by an almost yellowish mucosa, and a shallow depression was noted at the mass' apex. Biopsy specimen showed histologically the mass to be carcinoidic, and the same diagnosis was reached under electron microscopy. The tumor, measuring 1.0×1.0×9 in width, was excised from the anus. By serially cutting the surface of the specimen, it was revealed that invasion was limited to the mucosa. The method of surgical removal of carcinoid rectal tumors must be determined according to the degree of invasion ; thus, knowledge about the depth of invasion is extremely important before surgery.View full abstractDownload PDF (2343K)
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