巻号一覧
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40 巻, 11 号
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鷺谷 広道, 鍋田 一男, 永井 昌義1991 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 988-994
発行日: 1991/11/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリーA new emulsification technique for producing fine O/W emulsions, D phase emulsification, has been developed and elucidated the emulsification mechanism by using phase diagrams. The process of D phase emulsification begins with the formation of isotropic surfacatant solution, followed by formation of an oil-in-surfactant (O/D) gel emulsion by dispersion of oil in the surfactant solution, and finally formation of an O/W emulsion by the addition of an aqueous phase to the gel emision. The characteristics of D phase emulsification are as follows : (1) it is easy to produce submicron O/W emulsion in many types of oils and surfactants, (2) strict HLB adjustment is not necessary, (3) it is possible to reduce the emulsifier content. This emulsification method has been applied to develop new types of cosmetics.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1312K) -
平田 博文, 山科 孝雄, 樋口 勝彦, 榊 啓二, 飯田 勲1991 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 995-1001
発行日: 1991/11/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリー第二級アルカノール (1) は構造が単純なため, そのエナンチオマーの分離はキラル分割剤と反応させてジアステレオマーの形でGCやHPLCで行われている。また, 光学活性な1- (1-ナフチル) エチル=イソシアネート (NEI) は第二級アルコールの分割剤として利用されているが, HPLC分析のためのジアステレオマー (カルバメート) の調製法には問題がある。そこで本報では (1) を標準物質として, NEIとの反応条件, 生成するカルバメート (2) のHPLCによる分離を検討したところ, (1) はNEIとトルエン中で加熱すると容易に (2) を生成し, (2) のジアステレオマーはアキラルな固定相 (順相) で分離することが分かった。 (R) -NEIの場合は, (1) の (S) 体の方が (R) 体よりも早く溶出したが, (S) -NEIでは (R) 体の方が早く溶出した。また, (1) のヒドロキシル基が分子の中央にくる程 (1) のエナンチオマーの分離係数が小さくなることが認められた。本報の方法をリパーゼ触媒を用いたトリブチリン (トリブチリルグリセリン) と2-アルカノールとのエステル交換生成物, 酪酸2-アルキルの光学純度の決定に応用したところ, 本報の方法で求めた値と従来法である旋光度測定から求めたものと良好な一致を示した。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (873K) -
山村 伸吾, 中村 正樹, 笠井 澄, 佐藤 穂積, 武田 徳司1991 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1002-1006
発行日: 1991/11/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリー1, 3-ジオキソラン環を持つアニオン界面活性剤の合成を行い, その表面張力低下能を測定した。これらの界面活性剤は, 親水基にスルホナート基を有しており, 酸性条件下, 以前合成したカチオン型や非イオン型のものより容易に分解する性質を持つことが分かった。また, 乳化重合の乳化剤として使用すると, 従来の乳化重合では得られない低金属含有量のポリマーが得られた。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (555K) -
古家 義朗, 冨山 昌美, 永田 努, 鳥成 優一郎, 阿部 考彦1991 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1007-1010
発行日: 1991/11/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリーThe nitroso form of the entitled tautomer increases with water content in the medium.
The rates of nitroso-oxime tautomerization of the tautomer of p-nitrosophenol and p-benzoquinoneoxime in the absence of catalyst in binary media of 40, 50, 60 and 80 vol% water and methanol at 1525°C were measured by means of UV spectrophotometry, using a calibration curve for the reaction prepared by wave analysis.
The reaction followed reversible first-order kinetics :
Rate=k1 (a-c-x) -k-1 (c+x).
Here, k1 and k-1 are first-order rate constants for the nitrosozation and the oximization;a, c and x are the concentration of the whole tautomer, nitroso form at the initial time, and consumed oxime or formed nitroso form at time t, respectively.
The entropy term is more predominant than the enthalpy term both for the forward and reverse reactions.
The slopes of log k1 and log k-1 against log aH2O were 3 and 2 for the forward and reverse reactions, respectively.
From these findings, a mechanism is presented, involving the intermediate hydrogen bonding perfect annular complex by three molecules of water between hydroxylamino hydrogen and ketonyl oxygen for nitrosozation and the imperfect annular complex by two water molecules with phenolic hydrogen and/or nitroso oxygen for oximization.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (486K) -
千葉 俊之, 藤本 健四郎1991 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1011-1015
発行日: 1991/11/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリーCarbonyl value (CV) of several edible oils were followed during autoxidation at 46°C by two procedures using 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, the conventional and triphenyl phosphine (TP) reduction procedures, in order to assess the contribution of hydroperoxides to the CV determination of oxidized oils.
CV determined by the conventional procedure (Conv-CV) was always higher than that by the TP-reduction procedure (TP-CV). The discrepancy between these methods increased linearly with peroxide value. However, the ratio of Conv-CV/TP-CV reached a maximum, of around 3 to 4, at the end of the induction period. The time courses of Conv-CV in the initial stage of oxidation were basically the same as those of POV, because most carbonyls assayed by this method were produced by the decomposition of hydroperoxides.
Therefore, a procedure, not affected by peroxides, should be established for CV measurement of autoxidized oils even in the early stage of autoxidation. The TP procedure is simple, and TP and TP oxides have no effect on CV determination. TP-CV was found closely correlated to the sensory evaluation of the odor and flavor of oxidized oils. The TP procedure was confirmed very useful for CV measurement of autoxidized oils.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (623K) -
古澤 邦夫, 濱田 隆志, 松村 英夫, 桑村 常彦1991 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1016-1022
発行日: 1991/11/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリーTo evaluate the stability of crown ether compounds with branched hydrocarbon chains differing in crown size (18-crown-6, 15-crown-5, and 12-crown-4) at the oil/water interface, monolayer properties (especially π-A curve) of the compunds were studied using various salts. A stable monolayer of each crown compound was noted to form at the interface under metal complexing conditions. However, in a system including a compound with small crown size such as 12-crown-4, ion selectivity and ability of complex formation decreased, due possibly to the high heat of hydration of small-size ions. This was also observed in the electrokinetic behavior of the O/W emulsion stabilized by the same crown ether compound.
Ion transport of crown ether compounds was studied with different crown size compound-salt combinations. Ion selectivity by crown ethers in the ion transport was higher than that in complex formation. Only the specific metal ion, fitting to crown size among cations in the system was transported through the oil phase. The transportation rate of specific ions was strongly influenced by the number of counter ions picrate ions, i.e., the more picrate anions for a fixed number of specific cations, the faster was this rate by enhanced ion-pairing with the crown ether complex and metal cations.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (895K) -
N-アリールカルボニルーO, O'-ビス (トリメチルシリル) 誘導体を用いた質量分析によるジヒドロスフィンゴシンのエリトロ, トレオ体の決定法樋口 勝彦, 山科 孝雄, 平田 博文1991 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1023-1027
発行日: 1991/11/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリーGC-MS analysis of N-arylcarbonyl-O, O'-bis (TMS) derivatives (4) of synthetic dihydrosphingosines (1) was conducted to establish a convenien method for determining the erythro and threo isomers of (1) by mass spectrometry. The structures of fragment ions were determined by comparing the mass spectra of (4) with different substituents in the aryl group and carbon chain of (1). The structures were indicated based on differences in mass numbers of (4) -d18 and (4) h18 derivatives [N-arylcarbonyl-O, O'-bis (TMS) -d18 and O, O'-bis (TMS) -h18 derivatives of (1)]. One characteristic difference was relative intensity (RI) at m/z=M-103; the relative intensities of threo compounds (RI=30-70%) exceeded those of erythro isomers (RI<10%). The ratios, γ=RI (M-103) /RI (M-15), of threo compounds were greater than those of the erythro isomers. Values γ (threo) /γ (erythro) were from 3 to 7. From these results, it should be possible to determine the erythro and threo isomers of (1) by mass spectrometry in the form of (4).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (589K) -
大矢 勝, 劉 波, 皆川 基1991 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1028-1033
発行日: 1991/11/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリーDynamic wetting was measured by moving a foam film in a glass tube. The apparatus con-sisted of (1) unit for placing the glass tube containing a foam film which was moved, (2) a gas flow controlling unit made of linear-head and syringe, (3) a pressure measuring unit consisting of a pressure sensor and amplifier, and (4) a data processing unit for calculating shear stress when the wetting glass tube by the foam film. The rate of film movement was controlled at 0.1 mm/s to 6.0 mm/s. A 0.5% SDS solution was used as the bulk liquid.
Film movement was a function of the gas flow, confirmed by the finding that the inside diameter of the glass tube (48 mm) was independent from shear stress with film movement. The relation between shear stress and rate of film movement was determined from the equation,
F=3.58 logR+8.35,
where F is the shear stress with movement of the foam film (mN/m) and R, the rate of film movement (mm/s).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (833K) -
王 瑾曄, 宮澤 陽夫, 藤本 健四郎1991 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1034-1036
発行日: 1991/11/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリーリノール酸メチルに対するα-トコフェロール, ユビキノール-4の酸化防止力はGC法の酸素吸収量によって比べられた。同時にユビキノール-4のα-トコフェロールへの相乗作用も調べられた。ユビキノール-4の酸化防止力はα-トコフェロールより弱く, 0.7%添加量のユビキノール-4の酸化防止力は0.33%添加量のα-トコフェロールのそれに相当した。また, 共存した場合の酸化防止強度はそれぞれの和であった。つまり, ユビキノール-4の相乗作用は認められなかった。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (369K) -
長田 恭一, 羽田野 六男1991 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1037-1040
発行日: 1991/11/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリーThe rates of incorporation into triolein of eight free fatty acids [palmitic acid (16 : 0), linoleic acid (18 : 2), α-linolenic acid (18 : 3), γ-linolenic acid (18 : 3), octadecatetraenoic acid (18 : 4), arachidonic acid (20 : 4), icosapentaenoic acid (20 : 5) and docosahexaenoic acid (22 : 6)] by acidolysis were determined. Lipase TOYO (Chromobacterium viscosum) and Lipozyme (Mucor miehei) both as immobilized lipase were used for the reactions.
Lipase TOYO incorporated each free fatty acid into triolein at more than 22%. Lipozyme incorporated each free fatty acid at above 15%, and showed especially high activity toward icosapentaenoic acid.
These two lipases were thus concluded applicable to the acidolysis of fat with unsaturated fatty acids.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (408K)
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