油化学
Online ISSN : 1884-2003
ISSN-L : 0513-398X
43 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の10件中1~10を表示しています
  • 角田 光雄
    1994 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 298-304
    発行日: 1994/04/20
    公開日: 2009/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Montreal protocol was drastically revise and the international phase-out schedules for the productions, distribution, and use of CFCs and 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane have been significantly accelerate. The recent state in relation to regulation for the use and production of CFCs and 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane is described.
    Aqueous, semi-aqueous and solvent cleaning process are adopted as the alternatives and merit and the point issue of these processes are also discussed from the viewpoint of removal mechanism of soils from the surfaces. Cleaning agents used in these alternative processes are explained.
  • 梶本 五郎
    1994 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 305-313
    発行日: 1994/04/20
    公開日: 2009/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The following means are proposed for the utilization of waste edible oil : forward to other shops, blend with stock feed, make into soaps, quenching oil, manure, paint and ink and fuel. This paper presents the effects on foaming ability and detergency of soap made from waste edi ble oil and on the growth of aquatic life.
    Anisidine and carbonyl values of soap prepared at room temperature for 34 d from waste edible oil were markedly higher than those of waste edible oil. The foaming ability of waste edible oil soap was slightly less than market soap, but the detergency of soap was the same in all cases. There were no-market soap and waste edible oil soap on the flora of microorganism in river water. The inhibitory action of waste edible oil soap to wards Oryzias latipes (himedaka) growth was very weak.
  • 常盤 豊
    1994 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 314-321
    発行日: 1994/04/20
    公開日: 2009/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    It is generally known that among the synthetic polymers, aliphatic polyesters are susceptible to biological attack. Polycaprolactone (PCL) with Mn 25, 000 are completely degraded by Penicillium sp. strain 26-1. It is found that aliphatic polyesters are hydrolyzed by several lipases andhog liver esterase. Melting point (Tm) of aliphatic polyesters has an effect on their degradabilities by lipase. Recently, the eyes of the world are focused on aliphatic polyesters as a biodegradable synthetic plastics. Various kinds of biodegradable plastics containing ester bonds have been developing. Ester type polyurethanes, copolyesters of aliphatic and aromatic polyesters, copoly amide-esters and copolymers composed of 2-methylene-1, 3, 6-trioxocane and styrene or vinyl acetate were hydrolyzed by lipase. The biodegradability can be effectively provided to conven tional plastics/PCL blends by conducting the design of mix combining the composition and melt viscosity ratio of the blends. Furthermore, the ecological roles of lipase are discussed.
  • 石上 裕
    1994 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 322-331
    発行日: 1994/04/20
    公開日: 2009/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Characteristics of soaps, natural surfactants and bioemulsifiers as well as biosurfactants are reviewed and reevaluated as useful amphipathic materials in comparison with synthetic surfactants from petroleum origin. Then, new functions of microbial biosurfactants are inspected on polycarboxylic-type spiculisporic acid and agaricic acid, rhamnolipid A and B, cyclopeptide-type surfactin, and saponin-type aescin. Mimicking chemical structures of useful biosurfactants, biomimetic surfactants such as synthetic corynomycolic acid analogues having sole dialkyl chain structures and sophorolipid analogue having different hydroxyalkanoyl chain from microbial origin were prepared aiming at modification and improvement of original biosurfactants. There have been many hybrid-type chemical modifiers of pharmaceuticals with amphipathic moieties. Otherwise, chemical sensing or control release systems were aggressively constituted from liposomes consisting of pH-, reductant-, glucose- and chemical stimuli-sensi tive biomimetic surfactants as well as polysoap coat forming helical chains on liposomal surface.
  • 三浦 千明, 増田 光輝
    1994 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 332-339
    発行日: 1994/04/20
    公開日: 2009/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Biodegradation represents a significant removal mechanism for surfactants in variety of environmental compartments, decreasing exposure levels and increasing environmental safety factors. Therefore, biodegradation is an important factor that should be taken account in the environmental assessment process.
    The effective way to evaluate the environmental acceptability of newly developed surfactants is to assess their biodegradability under conditions which simulate the real world envilonment.
  • 都島 康彦
    1994 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 340-349
    発行日: 1994/04/20
    公開日: 2009/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The exposure of chemical substances to human beings through any kind of contact with water is used to dominate the discussion of the environmental problems of chemical substances in water. Recently, the effects of chemical substances on the ecosystem through water have also become a subject of discussion. This review describes the methods for biodegradation tests, aquatic toxicity tests, and simulation tests which are the main principles of environmental compatibility evaluation in water, and in addition demonstrates the most recent examples of evaluation for surfactants using these methods.
    These new examples of evaluation are distinguished by the fact that the possibilities of ulti mate biodegradation of surfactants are vigorously investigated and the aquatic toxicities of surfactants, including their intermediates, are evaluated thoroughly. On the development of surfactants which might in future be disposed of or released into the environment, it seems that each company is responsible for ascertaining their environmental compatibility before putting them on the market, and at the same time, the strategically important point for companies is to be able to conduct the most effective evaluation in the shortest time.
  • 矢津 一正, 請川 孝治, 山本 順寛, 二木 鋭雄
    1994 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 350-356
    発行日: 1994/04/20
    公開日: 2009/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Tween 20ミセル中, 37℃における, ホスファチジルエタノールアミン (PE) 及びホスファチジルコリン (PC) の自動酸化反応に及ぼす窒素原子団の影響について検討した。水溶性アゾ化合物により開始された酸化反応では, PE及びPCの酸化速度は, 二重のアリル水素の数, 及び, アゾ開始剤濃度の平方根に比例したが, 窒素原子団の違いには影響されなかった。Cu (II) イオンにより誘起された酸化反応では, 酸化速度はCu (II) イオン濃度について0.5次であったことから, これらの酸化が脂質ヒドロペルオキシドのCu (II) イオン分解で生じたラジカルにより開始されることが示唆された。 PEの二重のアリル水素あたりの酸化速度は, PC の 6.5 倍であったが, これはおそらくPE-Cu (II) イオン錯体の生成に起因するものであると考えた。Cu (II) イオン誘起の酸化反応に及ぼすエタノールアミン原子団の加速効果は, PCの酸化が非酸化性のジミリストイル PC ではなく, ジミリストイル PE の添加により促進されたことにより確認された。
  • 小日山 正剛, 知見 憲次, 兼松 弘, 三木 勝喜, 高橋 喜和, 清水 充, 新谷 〓, 菅野 道廣
    1994 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 357-363
    発行日: 1994/04/20
    公開日: 2009/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    本研究は硬化油中に残留するニッケル (Ni) の生体への影響を評価するために行った。
    6 群の若ラットを異なる濃度 (Niとして 0, 50, 100, 250, 500 及び1000ppm) の塩化ニッケルを添加した飼料で4週間飼育し, 成長, 種々の臓器及び組織での Niの蓄積・ふん (糞) 及び尿へのNiの排せつ及び肝臓におけるメタロチオネインの生成について検討した。
    500 ppm以上のNi を含む飼料で飼育した群では, 低成長で, 肝臓, 肺, 腎臓及び全血液でNiの蓄積が多かった。
    しかし, すべてのNi 添加群において, Ni総排せつ量の約90% は糞中に排せつされ, 肝臓でのNiを含むメタロチオネインの生成は認められなかった。
  • ラットの組織脂質の脂肪酸組成に及ぼす高trans-ドコセン酸食の影響
    岡本 隆久, 知見 憲次, 丸山 武紀, 兼松 弘, 新谷 〓, 亀井 正治, 藤田 忠雄, 水谷 治夫, 菅野 道廣
    1994 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 364-369
    発行日: 1994/04/20
    公開日: 2009/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    A comparative study was made on fatty acid profiles of lipids in various tissues and feces from rats fed for 28 d one of the following diets 20 % in fat content : soybean oil mixed either with trans- or cis-dococenoic acid (TDO : t-22 : 1 18.1 %, CDO : c-22 : 1 18.2 %) blended rapeseed oil (RSO : c-22 : 1 17.9%) and soybean oil (as control).
    1) The proportion of t-22 : 1 was markedly low (0.10.4%) in all tissues examined in rats fed TDO, but slightly higher in adipose tissue (0.6%) and adrenal (0.5%). The proportion in fecal lipids was extremely high (51.3%). The same has been noted for c-22 : 1, but the proportion of c-22 : 1 in each tissue of rats fed CDO and RSO was slightly higher (0.57.2%) than that (0.12.6%) of t-22 : 1.
    2) Virtually no dietary t-22 : 1 was incorporated into liver phospholipids. Incorporation into liver subcellular granules was only slight, as also observed for c-22 : 1. The proportion of c-22 : 1 was lower in liver subcellular granules, but higher in the cytosol fraction, compared to that in whole liver.
    3) In serum lipids, the proportion of t- or c-22 : 1 in HDL phospholipids was slightly higher than that in LDL phospholipids.
    4) Dietary long-chain trans-monoenoic acids present in hardened fish oil, would thus appear to be preferentially excreted into feces and incorporated into various tissues in very small amounts, particularly in the case of liver subcelullar granules and membranes, even when fat contains trans acids at considerably high levels. The incorporation of long chain cis-monoenoic acids into various tissues was slightly higher than that of the corresponding trans acids.
  • 塩屋 靖, 鈴木 裕二, 塘 久夫
    1994 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 370-374
    発行日: 1994/04/20
    公開日: 2009/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of a spin probe, deuterated 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-4-oxo piperidine-d16-1-oxyl (TEMPONE-D), in the binary system of 3- (isooctadecyloxy) -1, 2-propanediol (GE) and water were measured for structural clarification of a liquid crystal (LC) in the GE/water system. Deuteration of the TEMPONE molecule should contribute to narrow ESR signals. The narrow signals facilitated the analysis of ESR signal patterns and obtaining dynamic information on molecular aggregation. In the system whose weight fraction of water was more than 0.25 (LC+water), two sets of ESR signals of TEMPONE-Dcorresponding to LC of GE and separated water, could be observed sepalately. The exchange rate of TEMPONE-D between the LC of GE and separated water is thus quite slow. Consequently, as noted previously, LC of GE may serve to maintain the reversed hexagonal structureand its strong hydrophobicity, regardless of water content. The present method was found quite useful for examining the characteristics of a molecular aggregation such as LC.
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