巻号一覧
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44 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1～9を表示しています
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松村 秀一1995 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 97-107
発行日: 1995/02/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリーAs a design of biodegradable water-soluble polymer, high molecular weight polycarboxylates containing biodegradable segments were prepared and their biodegradability and builder performance in detergent formulations were evaluated. Both natural polysaccharide derived from polycarboxylates containing unreacted sugar residues and chemically synthesized polycarboxylates containing poly (vinyl alcohol) blocks as a biodegradable segment showed similar tendencies. That is, the biodegradability and builder performance of the polycarboxylates varied inversely with the biodegradable segment content. However, the builder performance was improved when more a polymeric carboxylate was used in the detergent process. The minimum required structure needed as a biodegradable segment in the polymer chain with respect to the configuration and block length were clarified using the specific microbes and enzyme. High molecular weight polycarboxylates containing ester, ether and carbonyl groups were also evaluated and compared for biodegradability and builder performance. Biodegradability and builder performance were correlated with the molecular weight in order to develop biodegradable functional polymers by the reduction of their molecular weight to the extent that the environmental microbes can assimilate them.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1627K) -
都島 康彦, 小池 豊美, 西山 直宏, 継国 孝司1995 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 108-115
発行日: 1995/02/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリーアルキルポリグリコシド (APG) について, 3種類の植種を用いた究極的生分解性と, 淡水及び海水における水生生物に対する急性毒性試験を実施した。
生分解性試験において, APGのBOD分解率は 73～89%, DOC分解率は74～>99%であり, HPLC及びGPC分析では被験物質のほぼ全量が消失した。 APGの構造中のアルコールは分岐型であっても, また鎖長が異なっても生分解性に影響はないものと考えられた。これらの結果は, APGが水系環境中で速やかな究極的生分解性を有することを示している。
APG の 96hLC50値は, ヒメダカ (淡水) で 96～115mg/L, 海水順化ヒメダカで 50mg/L, mysidshrimp で 15mg/L であり, 主要界面活性剤の中でも比較的弱いものであった。
以上のことから, APGの生態毒性上のリスクは非常に低く, 水系において高い環境適合性を有するものと考えられた。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1022K) -
山野 善正, 陳 恩笙, 合谷 洋一1995 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 116-120
発行日: 1995/02/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリー単分散O/Wエマルションの安定性に及ぼす電解質の影響について, SDS水溶液/ケロシン系を用いて研究した。
エマルション液滴数の減少速度定数 (k2) は本実験で用いたすべての電解質に対して, その濃度増加にともない減少し, ある濃度で最小値を示した。エマルション液滴のゼータ電位は, 一価の陽イオンの場合k2の最小値を与える濃度で最大値を示したが, 二及び三価の陽イオンの電解質濃度の変化に対しては, ゼータ電位とk2の変化の間の同様な対応は見られなかった。エマルションの遠心分離によって得られた油相分離率及びSDS 水溶液/ケロシン系の界面張力は, どちらも電解質濃度の増加とともに減少した。
これらのことから, バルク相溶液中における電解質濃度の増大により, エマルション液滴の静電的反発力の低下と液的の合一に対する界面膜の保護効果の増大が同時に生じ, その結果, k2の最小値が存在すると結論された。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (713K) -
界面活性剤の光分解 (第16報)日高 久夫, 趙 進才, 堀越 智, ニック セルフォン, エジオ ベリツエテイ1995 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 121-126
発行日: 1995/02/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリーTiO2 (アナターゼ型, ルチル型, 表面修飾型, 白金坦持型), ZnO, WO3などのn型半導体による陰イオン性DBSおよび陽イオン性BDDAC界面活性剤の光分解の触媒効果を調べた。アナターゼ型TiO2がルチル型TiO2より光触媒能は強い。白金坦持TiO2触媒はO2のO2-への電子移動 (光還元) の抑制のため, アナターゼ型TiO2より活性は低い。ZnOはDBSの光酸化に対して触媒活性が最も高く, 他の半導体触媒WO3とMoSは触媒活性が低い。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (753K) -
杉原 黎子, 吉岡 裕子, 須沢 利郎1995 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 127-133
発行日: 1995/02/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリーThe influence of sodium polyacrylate (Na-PAA) on the deposition of dispersed polystyrene (PS) latex particles on cotton and nylon-6 fibers in water was studied from the standpoint of interaction energy between latex particles and fibers. The deposited amount and rate of deposition of PS latex particles on the fibers in the presence of Na-PAA were less than when Na-PAA was absent, particularly in the case of cotton fibers. This inhibitive action of Na-PAA on the deposition of PS latex particles on both fibers was slightly more effective in the case of Na-PAA with high molecular weight than with low molecular weight. The above-mentioned function of Na-PAA on cotton fibers may possibly be due primarily to steric repulsive interactions, since total interaction energy (VT) due to electrostatic and van der Waals' forces between latex particles and fibers did not increase by the addition of Na-PAA. And the function of Na-PAA on nylon-6 fibers may be due primarily to steric repulsive interactions similar to those noted cotton fibers, although the contribution of electrostatic repulsive interactions must be taken into consideration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (937K) -
阿部 正彦, 長谷川 慎, 荻野 圭三, 中野 善郎, 椿 信之1995 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 134-139
発行日: 1995/02/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリーInteractions between L-α-phosphatidylglycerol sodium salts and water molecules were examined primarily with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and surface pressure meter. With an increase in alkyl chain length of L-α-phosphatidylglycerol sodium salts, stability of the coagel phase relative to that of the gel phase increased due to decrease in the dissociation of counterions (sodium ions). Monolayers of L-α-phosphatidylglycerol sodium salts (PG-Na) were readily converted to expanded monolayers with NaCl, and the temperature at which only expanded monolayers formed was in good agreement with a gel-lamella crystalline transition temperature (Tc). The molecular orientation of the PG-Na monolayer was shown in some causes to differ with that of its bilayer.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (877K) -
ケラチン加水分解物の泡立ち性について (第6報)星野 誠1995 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 140-144
発行日: 1995/02/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリーKeratin was hydrolyzated by calcium hydroxide to obtain hydrolysis products. The foaming components constituted a fractionated portion of keratin hydrolysate by membrane ultrafiltration.
Foam height and stability of the fraction were related to the moleculer weight of each fraction. Fractions with molecular weights (FMW) range from 5, 000 to 10, 000 had the highest foam heights and the greatest foam stability. Those with FMW below 5, 000 had the lowest foam height and least foam stability. Fractions with FMW above 10, 000 differed somewhat from each other in foam height and foam stability.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (599K) -
森田 みゆき, 上舘 民夫, 渡辺 寛人1995 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 145-147
発行日: 1995/02/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリーA simple and rapid spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The method was based on formation of the SDS- [Copper (II) -1, 10-phenanthroline] ion pair and extraction into isobutyl methyl ketone (MIBK). The ion pair in MIBK was reduced with 1-butanethiol to form an intensely colored copper (I) complex. By this method, the overall concentration of SDS can be determined indirectly from the absorbance of copper (I) complex formed in MIBK. The calibration curve was linear over the range of the detection limit from 8.3 × 10-7 to 6.3 × 10-5 M of SDS. The relative standard deviation of nine successive determinations was 1.02 % at 2.5 × 10-5 M of SDS. The sensitivity of the proposed method is comparable to that of the indirect atomic absorption method for SDS which is accepted as a highly sensitive method.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (360K) -
大野 佳美, 藤井 久美子, 平井 和子1995 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 148-151
発行日: 1995/02/20
公開日: 2009/10/16
ジャーナル フリーLipids of seven edible pulses in Nepal were examined. Total lipid content range was determined as 1.814.7 %. Major components of total lipids were triacylglycerols, constituting 7576 % of total lipids of soybeans and chick pea. The amounts of phospholipids present in grams ranged from 4447 %. Pigeon pea and yellow gram contained greater amounts of free fatty acids compared with the other species of pulses. Fatty acid compositions of soybean and chick pea were virtually the same, in contrast pigeon pea which contained less C18 : 1 and more C16 : 0. Black gram contained the most C18 : 3, over 50 % of the total. The lipids of pigeon pea and grams containing large amounts of free fatty acids showed very high TBAV and COV. It follows from the present results that pluses, split and without seed coat, may possibly undergo oxidation more rapidly.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (449K)
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