油化学
Online ISSN : 1884-2003
ISSN-L : 0513-398X
41 巻, 8 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1~8を表示しています
  • 今栄 東洋子
    1992 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 616-621
    発行日: 1992/08/20
    公開日: 2009/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    テトラデシル-, ヘキサデシルジメチルアミンオキシド (C14DAO, C16DAO) のえい糸性を示す粘弾性水溶液に対して光散乱を測定した。C14DAOとC16DAOの希薄な水溶液は強いミセル間相関を示すが, 相関はC14DAO水溶液に0.2M NaClを添加することにより消失する。0.2M NaClを添加したC14DAO水溶液は0.5×10-2g・cm-3以上のミセル濃度では準希薄領域に属する。準希薄領域中の絡まった棒状ミセルによって形成された擬網目構造中網目を構成するミセル長は, イオン化度が0.2~0.45のとき, 最長である。擬網目構造が比較的屈曲した棒状ミセルによって構築される時, 溶液は線形高分子の挙動に似た粘弾性と共に延性破損型えい糸性を引き起こすと推論できる。
  • 山本 裕一, 山本 順寛, 二木 鋭雄, Caroline A. GEE, Robin L. WILLSON
    1992 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 622-628
    発行日: 1992/08/20
    公開日: 2009/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    6-ヒドロキシ-1, 4-ジメチルカルバゾールは水素供与体として活性で, リノール酸メチルの均一溶液, 及び水エマルション系, 及び大豆ホスファチジルコリンリポソーム膜の酸化を抑制することが認あられた。その酸化防止活性は, 天然酸化防止剤として最も活性の大きいα-トコフェロールのそれに近いものであった。
  • 梶本 五郎, 山口 博司
    1992 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 629-635
    発行日: 1992/08/20
    公開日: 2009/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The characteristics of soaps prepared from waste edible oil (oils before desgarding used frying oils at home or school refectory) or soybean and rapeseed oils with different degrees of thermal oxidation were investigated. Thermal oxidation oils were prepared by heating in a fryer (National NF-F 100) at 180°C for 20 and 40 h. Waste edible oil collected from home and school was combined. Preparation method of soap, method I. Soaps from fresh and thermal oxidation oils were prepared by heating at 90°C for 3 h with mixtures of 100 g fresh or thermal oxidation oils, 25 g potassium hydroxide and 300 g water. Method II. Soaps from waste edible oil were prepared at room temperature for. 30 d with mixtures of 2500 g waste edible oil, 450 g sodium hydroxide, 2000 g water (added hot water of 500 g every third day) and one cup of left-over rice. They were stored in beakers at room temperature.
    Anisidine, carbonyl and peroxide values and content of oxidized fatty acids (fatty substances insoluble in petroleum ether) in soap were determined with fatty acids isolated by acidifying the mixture with hydrochloric acid.
    Anisidine and carbonyl values of soaps prepared from thermal oxidation oil were markedly lower than those of thermal oxidation oil. Anisidine and carbonyl values were much higher in waste edible oil soap than in waste edible oil. Oxidized fatty acid content in each soap was similar to that of thermally oxidized waste edible oils. Increase in anisidine, carbonyl and peroxide values was observed during storage.
  • トリリノレオイルグリセリン薄膜の熱酸化反応
    高岡 京, 小林 光一, 高砂子 昌久, 多留 康矩, 西山 秀作
    1992 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 636-642
    発行日: 1992/08/20
    公開日: 2009/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The thermal oxidation reactions of thin film (thickness 16170 μm) of trilinoleoylglycerol (TLEG) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis.
    By thermal oxidation reactions the weight of TLEG increased in the temperature range of 25°C to 170°C in air and in oxygen [heating rate : 2°C/min]. Elemental analysis of these sampleswas carried out and their compositions were determined.
    At 90°C, 1 mol of the hydroperoxide of TLEG (TLEGHPO) was formed for 5.6 mol of TLEG, and agreement between calculated and found values was whthin the usual limits of variation of elemental analysis ; degradation reactions did not occur.
    At 104°C, 1 mol of TLEGHPO was formed for 3.3 mol of TLEG. The dehydrogenation of TLEGHPO started at this temperature.
    At 130°C, 1 mol of TLEGHPO was formed for 1.1 mol of TLEG. The degradation of TLEGHPO occurred slightly at C-C and C-H bonds of TLEGHPO.
    At 155°C, the degradation of C-C and C-H bonds of TLEGHPO occurred.
    The relationship between maximum increase in weight Y (% μg/cm2) and film thickness of TLEG X (μm) is given by the following equations.
    Film thickness Equation Atmospheres
    < 30 μm Y=6.6 X in air
    30μm130μm Y=2.2 X+150 in air
    130μm300 μm Y=0.4 X+380 in air
    < 30μm Y=9.6 X in oxygen
    30μ m168μm Y=5.4 X+75 in oxygen
    In the temperature range of thermal degradation (180°C600°C), the relation between the layer thickness of thermal oxidative degradation Y (μm) and film thickness of TLEG X (μm) is given by the following equations.
    Film thickness Equation Atmospheres
    < 70μm Y=0.66 X in air
    70μm168 μm Y=0.28 X+42 in air
    < 42μm Y=0.80 X in oxygen
    42μm95μm Y=0.35 X+19 in oxygen
  • 吉村 晴夫, 遠藤 善久, 橋本 茂
    1992 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 643-648
    発行日: 1992/08/20
    公開日: 2009/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    β-Sultones obtained by sulfonation of internal olefins with sulfur trioxide (SO3) were desulfonated to the original olefins under certain conditions. This study was carried out to clarify the path way of this desulfonation using the β-sultone obtained by the sulfonation of trans-2-octene.
    The olefin produced by the desulfonation of the β-sultone gave trans-2-octene, indicating that geometrical isomerism was preserved. Reactions of olefins with SO3 to form β-sultones would thus appear to be reversible. For comfirmation of this, cis-2-octene was added to a sample consisting mainly of β-sultone from trans-2-octene and NMR observation was made to detect β-sultone originating from cis-2-octene.
    The formation reaction ofβ-sultone from internal olefins was found to be reversible, in thatthe production of β-sultone from cis-2-olefin was confirmed.
  • 沢田 英夫, 蓑島 義浩, Yue-Fa GONG, 松本 竹男, 小杉 正紀, 右田 俊彦
    1992 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 649-657
    発行日: 1992/08/20
    公開日: 2009/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Fluoroalkylated oligomers with carbon-carbon bond formation were obtained by reactions of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, and ethylene oxide units-containing methacrylates, acrylates with fluoroalkanoyl peroxides in excellent to moderate yields under very mild conditions. A mechanistic study of these reactions was carried out by the MNDO-PM 3 semiempirical MO method. A strong interaction between HOMO of the monomer and SOMO of fluoroalkyl radical produced by the thermal decomposition of the peroxide appeared to cause the addition of the fluoroalkyl radical, to the monomer to afford the corresponding fluoroalkylated oligomer. Fluoroalkylated acrylic acid oligomers were found capable of reducing the surface tension of water to 10 mN/m. Fluoroalkylated-methacrylates, and-acrylates oligomers containing ethylene oxide units became typical fluorinated amphipathic compounds.
  • N-ドデシル-N, N-ジメチルグリシンの吸着
    安部 郁夫, 幾田 信生, 足立 真由美, 立本 英機
    1992 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 658-661
    発行日: 1992/08/20
    公開日: 2009/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    種々の細孔径分布をもった5種類の活性炭について両性界面活性剤であるN-ドデシル-N, N-ジメチルグリシンの水溶液からの吸着等温線を測定した。Langmuirの平衡吸着定数は平均細孔直径の増加とともに減少した。飽和吸着量は細孔容積の増加とともに増加した。両性界面活性剤の活性炭吸着における共存電解質の影響はアニオン界面活性剤の場合に類似しており, 除去効率はカチオンの荷電数の増加とともに, イオン半径の増加とともに増加した。
  • 試験法検討委員会
    1992 年 41 巻 8 号 p. 662-665
    発行日: 1992/08/20
    公開日: 2009/10/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    ハロゲン系有機溶剤は労働衛生及び環境保全の面からその使用の量及び機会の削減が強く求められる時代になりつつある。基準油脂分析試験法はその対応の一環として, 四塩化炭素を用いないヨウ素価の測定法を新たに基準化し, 従来の方法に加えて2.4.5.3-92ウィイス-シクロヘキサン法として登録した。その内容を追加試験法に示し, 公示と同時に実施する。
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