微孔性疎水性薄膜型バイオリアクター (平膜型と中空糸モジュール型) を用いて, Candida cylindracea生リパーゼによるオリブ油の連続加水分解の速度論を研究した。「表面相」における反応に可逆ミハエリス・メンテンの式を適用し, 油脂の流れを押し出し流れと仮定して, バイオリアクター出口の反応率を表す一般式を導いた。この式の極限として, 一次反応式の場合と, 零次反応式の場合と, 細孔内拡散律速の場合についても解析した。これらの理論的考察によると, 油脂の供給流量, F, をバイオリアクター内の総膜面積, A, で割った値, F/A, がこの種の薄膜型バイオリアクターの性能を決める重要なパラメーターであることがわかった。異なる3つの研究者グループによって報告された油脂の回分加水分解のデータを解析したところ, 油脂の加水分解は可逆一次反応速度式に従うことがわかった。平膜型バイオリアクターを使って著者らが先に得た実験データも可逆一次反応速度式による結果と一致したが, 中空糸型バイオリアクターによる実験データは, F/Aが高い領域のみ可逆一次反応速度式による結果と一致した。最後に, 薄膜型バイオリアクターシステムの性能と乳化系の性能を比較する基準として, 「相当油滴径」という新しい概念を提出した。

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DL-erythro-及びDL-threo-C_n-ジヒドロスフィンゴシン (n=12, 14, 16) を相当する2-アミノ-1, 3-アルカンジオールのN, O, O-トリアセチル及びN-アセチル誘導体を再結晶することにより分離できた。DL-threo-及びDL-erythro-C_n-ジヒドロスフィンゴシンを骨格に持つセラミドは, これらの塩基とN-アシロキシスクシンイミドをテトラヒドロフラン中で反応させて得た。threo体とerythro体のMSスペクトルの差異を調べるため, このセラミドのO, O-di-TMS誘導体のGC-MSの分析を行った。最も顕著な違いはm/e=M-103の相対強度 (RI) に見られた, すなわち, threo体ではRI=40～80%, erythro体ではRI=6～14%と, 前者の方が後者に比べて数倍高い。また, RI(M-103)/RI(M-15) は, threo体では3.7～6.8であり, erythro体では0.8～1.3であった。以上の結果から, 質量分析によってジヒドロスフィンゴシンのerythro, threoが決定できることがわかった。

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The adsorption of PVAc-Allyl sulfonated copolymers (S-PVA) onto an α-Fe₂O₃ surface in an aqueous solution was investigated in regard to its capacity to prevent the deposition of α-Fe₂O₃ particles of fabrics. The coloration of PVA-I₂ complex was of use for determining S-PVA with satisfactory reproducible results. From the isotherms of adsorption of S-PVA I (not saponified) and S-PVA II (98mol% saponified) onto α-Fe₂O₃, the following results were obtained.
1) The amounts of S-PVA I and S-PVA II adsorbed onto α-Fe₂O₃ were about 60mg/α-Fe₂O₃ (g) and 20mg/α-Fe₂O₃ (g) respectively.
2) In dilute solutions, the isotherms for the adsorption of both S-PVA I and S-PVA II onto α-Fe₂O₃ should be similar to those for the Langmuir type adsorption.

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The ferrous salt FeSO₄ (NH₄) ₂SO₄·6H₂O (Mohr's salt) or calcium salt CaCl₂·2H₂O was added at various concentrations to an aqueous keratin hydrolysed solution and its fractions fractionated by membrane ultrafiltration.
The effects of added iron (II) or calcium on foam heights, foam stabilities, amounts of sediment before washing, and amount of water-insoluble precipitates were investigated. Calcium content in the water-insoluble precipitate and maximum concentration of added iron (II) which could not form a precipitate were also measured.
The foam heights and stabilities of keratin hydrolysate and its fractions increased with the addition of iron (II) or calcium.
The keratin hydrolysate and its fractions except that in the fractionated molecular weight (F.M.W.) range from 5, 000 to 10, 000 formed precipitates by the addition of calcium.
The main cause of precipitation of the fraction in the F.M.W. range from 500 to 1, 000 with the addition of calcium was found to result from the formation of insoluble calcium connected hydrolysed proteins. The precipitation of fractions in the F.M.W. range from 1, 000 to 5, 000 and above 10, 000 was due to the salting out effect or formation of soluble precipitates of hydrolyzed proteins which adsorbed calcium ions.
From measurements of ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra and change in color of metal containing hydrolysed protein solutions, the keratin hydrolysate and its fractions were shown to be connected to added iron (II) in a water-soluble chelate configulation, but not to added calcium in a soluble state in a pH range from 7.0 to 7.5, 25°C.

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The influence of cultural conditions, particularly the C/N ratio of the medium, growth temperature and nitrogen source, on the amounts of sterol and squalene formed from decane in the mycelium of two strains of Mortierella isabellina (IFO 7884, 7824) was investigated. The sterol content in the mycelium of the strains varied from 0.50.9% of the dry cell weight under cultural conditions. The greatest amounts of sterols and squalene, 15.3mg and 20.5mg/400ml medium, were observed in the strain of IFO 7824 grown at 30°C and a C/N ratio of 24.1 using NH₄NO₃ as the nitrogen source during 13 days of incubation. The influence of the cultural conditions was investigated on the qualitative and quantitative compositions of the sterols and ergosterol, ergosta-5, 7-dienol and 24-methylenedihydrolanosterol were found to be major sterols in the strains.

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Total fatty acid compositions of wild and cultured yellowtails were examined.
1) The major fatty acids in several tissues of wild and cultured yellowtails were examined and found to be C_16:0, C_18:1 (n-9), C_20:5 (n-3), and C_22:6 (n-3). In the same fish, similar fatty acid profiles were found in the dorsum, abdomen, dark tissue, and skin. But the profile in liver differed from these due to the possibly higher level of C_18:1 (n-9) and lower level of C_22:6 (n-3).
2) In yellowtails caught in March and November, no differences were observed in the fatty acid profiles in hard and soft roes of muscle tissue. However, fish caught in May had lower levels of C_14:0, C_16:1 (n-7) and C_18:1 (n-9), and higher levels of C_16:0 and C_22:6 (n-3) in the soft roe, and lower levels of C_14:0 and C_16:0 and higher levels of C_18:1 (n-9) and C_22:6 (n-3) in the hard roe than those caught in March and November.
3) In wild yellowtails, hardly any difference could be found in the fatty acid profile in adult specimens (body length : about 67cm), but were remarkable differences in the levels of C_16:0 and C_{18 :1} (n-9) in young fish (body length : about 30cm). The fatty acid profile of an adult fish differed from that of a young fish.
4) The fatty acid profiles of cultured yellowtails could be classified in two groups on the basis of C_18:1 (n-9) and C_20:5 (n-3) levels. However, no causal relation appeared to exist for the differences between fish size and rearing form or the season in the fish were caught.

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