With a view to develope novel functional properties of food proteins, biological, chemical and physical modification was carried out. Differences of nucleotide sequence found in cDNA of soybean glycinin A_1aB_1b subunit prepared from Glycin max var. Shirotsurunoko and Bonminori suggest that oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis is useful to develope novel functional properties. Formation of n-hexanal, undesirable flavor, was depressed in soybean by the deletion of lipoxygenase 2. In addition, n-hexanal was proved to be produced enzymatically from 13-hydroperoxy-linoleic acid by hydroperoxidelyase. Soy glycinin and α_s1-casein were lipophilized by chemically attaching naturally occurring fatty acids to them. The covalent attachment of fatty acid residues to these proteins caused an increase in their emulsification activity. The binding of orthophosphate to soy proteins increased gel forming and emulsification activities even at acidic environment. Soy proteins and maize protein, zein, were associated with soy lecithin and phosphatidate by sonication, respectively. The emulsiffication activity of phospholipid-protein complex was highly increased after they were treated with 50% alcohol or pro tease digestion.

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コイ肝すい臓10,000×g上清における [1-¹⁴C] パルミチン酸のワックスエステル (WE) 中への取り込みはpH 4～5, 30～40℃において最大となり, 反応開始後約5hまでは直線的に進行した。オレイルアルコール添加 (8mM) により合成は賦活されたが, リン脂質中への取り込みは減少した。肝すい臓のWE画分 (コレステロールエステルを含む) の主な脂肪酸は, 22 : 6 (45.3%), 20 : 5 (12.6%) 及び20 : 4 (10.8%) であった。ミクロソーム画分による各種脂肪酸のWE中への取り込み率を比較したところ, 18 : 2>20 : 5>18 : 1>20 : 4>18 : 0>22 : 6の順であった。20 : 4, 20 : 5及び22 : 6はWEのほかにリン脂質中にも多く取り込まれたが, トリアシルグリセリン (TG) 中への取り込みは, 比較的少なかった。一方, 18 : 0, 18 : 1, 18 : 2及び18 : 3はリン脂質よりもむしろTGに多く取り込まれた。ミクロソーム画分によるWE合成に際し, ATPが特異的に要求された。また, 肝すい臓及び腸ホモジネートによる各種脂肪酸のWE中への取り込みを比較検討した。

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Polystyrene particles adhered to a glass plate was set in an ultra-centrifuge equipped with an angle rotor of which the angle being changed from 20° to 40°, were removed in various experimental conditions; i.e. washing time, rpm of centrifuge, and particle size.
Correlation between the removal force F_c (horizontal component F_h and vertical component F_v) vs. particle size has been observed, and the following results were obtained.
1) The removal percentage increased with increasing washing time, and particle size, and were proportional to rpm of the centrifuge.
2) The ratio of F_h and F_v were adjusted by changing rotor angle at constant F_c. The removal percentage increased with increasing F_h (i.e. decreasing θ).
3) The value of F_c necessery for the removal percentage of 50% were 80.5×10^-5 dyn, 12.6×10^-4 dyn for the particle diameter of 5μm, 15μm respectively at θ=30°.

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Rheological measurement and microscopic observation were carried out to understand the shearing rate (D) dependence of the shape of multilamellar structure which is made up of dialkyl (C₁₆₁₈) dimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC).
Five percent DADMAC dispersion exhibited a pseudoplastic flow indicating reduction of apparent volume fraction of the DADMAC aggregate. Viscosity curve of the dispersion at 50°C (above the transition temperature of DADMAC : 37°C) was lower by 1 to 2 orders than that at 25°C when no remarkable shearing rate was applied. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the viscosity at 25°C and that at 50°C after the dispersion was treated with D of more than 10⁵s^-1.
By an electron microscopy using a freeze-fracture replica method, a mixture of multilamellar vesicles with different numbers of bimolecular layers were observed in the dispersion not treated with remarkable D. Both the number of bimolecular layers and the size of multilamellar vesicles were found to be reduced with an increase of an applied D. Almost every vesicle became an aggregate with a few layers, especially when the dispersion was treated with D of more than 10⁵s^-1. Consequently a network structure was formed spontaneously among each vesicle which led to a slight increase of viscosity in relatively low D region during storage period over a month. This phenomenon can be attributed to an electrostatic interaction between the small aggregates.

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電気伝導度から求めたcmc近傍において, 3- [ドデシルオキシポリ (オキシエチレン)] -1-プロパンスルホン酸ナトリウムとESRスピンプローブの相互作用が調べられた。硫酸ドデシルポリオキシエチレン=ナトリウムとは異なって, 先の界面活性剤はESRスピンプローブと, cmc以下の濃度で相互作用した。これはESRスピンプローブが誘起するミセルの生成によって説明できる。
さらに, これらの特徴的性質は, 緩衝液中では, 認められなかった。従って, 界面活性剤の溶媒和された親水, 疎水部分の構造が, ESRスピンプローブによって誘起されるミセルの生成に重要な役割を果たし, またその構造は電解質によって大きく影響を受けるものと思われる。

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To establish a standard method for measuring the consistency of fats, the compression method was collaboratively tested by members of the solid fat committee of Japan Oil Chemists' Society. The types of adapters for the instrument (Fig.-1) and conditions for sample preparations were studied. Better reproducibility was possible using an adapter of φ; 30mm for shortenings and margarines and φ=3mm for hydrogenated fats. In both cases, the repeatability and reproducibility coefficients of variation were less than 5% and 12%, respectively. These results were better than those for corn penetration which was examined at the same time.

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Single bilayer liposomes (SUV type) were obtained from an ethanol solution of egg licithin. Co-enzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀), used for treating heart disease, was incorporated into the liposomes. Liposome stability and effects of various additives (Polyethyleneglycol and Soybean oil) were evaluated on the basis of average particle size as measured by AUTOSIZER. This stability increased by the incorporation of CoQ₁₀ and the addition of Soybean oil. The increase in liposome particle size was greater by the addition of Polyethyleneglycol than that of liposomes only incorporated by CoQ₁₀.

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