The follwing results were obtained using an ultracentrifuge provided with a rotor of adjustable angle for removing polystyrene-latex particles adhering to a glass substrate. The direction of the removing force could be varied widely by adjusting the rotor angle θ between 0° and 60°. The ratio of the vertical component
Fυ to the horizontal component
Fh was varied from 1 : 0 to 1 : 1.73 by adjusting this angle. The surface on which the particles adhered was turned between the direction of the centrifugal force
Fc and the vertical direction of that of by the centrifugal force (angles θ' of the surface with centrifugal force were 060° and 180240°).
1) The less the contribution of
Fυ to the constant
Fh, the greater was the extent of removal. Removal was maximum at
Fυ=0 or when the resultant centrifugal force
Fc=
Fh. Also, the greater the contribution of
Fh to the constant
Fυ, the more was the extent of removal.
2)
Fυ acted negatively for particle removal when the surface had been turned to the direction pressed by centrifugal force. In such a case at constant
Fc, removal decreased with increase in washing time. Adjusting θ' (θ) so as to turn the surface in the direction vertical to that of the centrifugal force increased removal. That is the contribution of
Fυ decreased than the direction of centrifugal force, and removal increased at
Fυ>
Fh when its force was small. Removal in the former case was about 20% less that in the latter at
Fc=
Fh even without any contribution of
Fυ.
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