Novel surfactants with specific functions were sinthesized from inexpensive, commercially available bulk chemicals by convenient synthetic methods. All were characterized by features such as chemical degradability, catalitic activity for a halide displacement reaction (Finkelstein reaction), ability to disperse lime soap and complex with alkali metal cations. Applications for emulsion polimerization, surface-active properties, stability constants of complexes with alkali metal ions, and solubilization of alkali metal picrates in organic solvents were studies.

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ごま油10点, 米ぬか油6点そしてなたね油14点を供試し, ごま油中の米ぬか油, あるいはなたね油の鑑定法と混入比の推定法について検討した。混入米ぬか油の鑑定は不けん化物 (RET 1.19及び1.55) を検出することにより, 一方, 混入なたね油の鑑定はリノレン酸の含有比の分析や不けん化物°ブラシカステロール (RRT0.69) を検出することにより可能であった!米ぬか油あるいはなたね油混入ごま油と純粋なごま油の脂肪酸パターン類似率 (cosθ) を求め, √ (cosθ) 10⁶ (=√2sinθ/2×10³) を算出した.√2sinθ/2× 10³ は, 米ぬか油あるいはなたね油の混入比と比例関係にあった。混入油が特定できた場合には, 脂肪酸パターン類似率に基づき混入比の推定が可能である。

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電位差滴定を用いた過酸化物価 (PV) 測定法について, クロロホルム : 酢酸 (2 : 3) 混合溶媒の代わりにイソオクタン-酢酸 (1 : 4) 混合溶媒を用い, 分析精度を損なうことなく, さらに簡便に実行できるように改良した。
反応容器中の空気の窒素置換はイソオクタン溶媒系において正確なPV測定のために有効であった。測定操作において1 minかくはんした後, 放置時間をおかなくてもヒドロペルオキシドとヨウ化カリウムは完全に反応することが確認された。
イソオクタンを用いた改良法の検出限界はヒドロペルオキシドとして約70 neqであり, 従来法とほぼ同様であった。PV測定のためのイソオクタン溶媒を用いた改良法はトリアシルグリセリン及びリン脂質の微量PV測定に対して有効であることが判明した。

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相変化エンタルピーのカルシウムイオン濃度依存性を説明するための理論的アプローチが, リン脂質表面へのカルシウムイオンの吸着により検討された。用いたリン脂質は、ジパルミトイルホスファチジルコリン (DP-PC), ジパルミトイルホスファチジルエタノールアミン (DPPE), ジパルミトイルホスファチジルグリセリン (DPPG) である。本研究で用いた理論はDLVO理論に基づくものであり, 膜表面へのカルシウムイオンの吸着に起因する静電気的相互作用を説明しようとするものである。
DPPCとDPPGの相挙動に及ぼすカルシウムイオンの効果は, ヘルムホルツ自由エネルギー変化で説明することができ, 実測したエンタルピー変化は上式の電気的寄与に依存することが分かった。さらに, その電気的寄与は結合定数Kと有効表面積a'に関係することが分かり, DPPG と DPPC の最適値を求めたところ, それぞれ K = 100 M^-1, a'=60,000m²/g と K = 40M^-1, a' = 750m²/g であった。しかし, DPPE の場合はエンタルピー変化がないため最適値は得られなかった。

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Terpenyl β-D-glucopyranosides (3 a-e) were prepared from terpene alcohols (2 a-e) and tetra-O-acetyl-a-u-glucopyranosyl bromide (1) by a modification of Koenigs-Knorr procedure in the presence of silver carbonate supported on silica gel or alumina, followed by deacetylation. In this study terpenyl β-D-glucopyranosides (3 a-e) were obtained from geraniol (2 a), nerol (2 b), citronellol (2 c), cis-3-hexenol (2 d), menthol (2 e) and all-trans-retinol (2 f) in relatively good yields. All-trans-retinyl β-D-glucuronide (5) was prepared in a similar manner from methyl 2, 3, 4-triacetyl-1-bromo-D-glucuronate (4) and all-trans-retinol (2 f) in 28% yield

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Penicillium cyclopium lipase is capable of hydrolyzing monoacylglycerol (MG) and diacylglycerol (DG), but not triacylglycerol (TG). The hydrolysis of fish oil and bonito oil with Candida cylindracea lipase followed by free fatty acid (FFA) removal lead to the formation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) -rich DG and TG (acylglycerol mixture ; GMx). GMx was hydrolyzed with Penicillium cyclopium lipase. Fatty acid specificity of Penicillium cyclopium lipase for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).
DG in GMx was hydrolyzed completely to give TG containing 51.9 % DHA.
FFA obtained by the hydrolysis of GMx with Penicillium cyclopium lipase and DHA rich DG in GMx were allowed to react with immobilized Chromobacterium viscosum lipase to yield TG containing 53.9 % DHA. DHA-rich TG (240 g) were obtained from 1 kg of bonito oil. DHA yield from bonito oil to TG was 51.5 %.

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Six groups of weanling male rats were fed diets containing 20 % (by weight) beef tallow, its randomized fat or their equal weight blends with palm olein, palm olein or soybean oil, as the control, for 28 d. Comparative studies were made on serum lipids, cholesterol and its metabolites in tissues and feces from the rats. The physical and chemical properties of dietary fats were also examined.
1) Beef tallow contained not only POO and SOP, as major components, but also saturated triacylglycerols, as minor components having high melting points. Compared with palm olein, beef tallow showed less SFC at 5°C and more SFC at 10°C or higher temperature, Since, less monounsaturated-disaturated acylglycerols (AG) but more trisaturated AG, as minor components having the highest melting point were present. Randomizing the tallow resulted in more SFC in a temperature region lower than 35°C, due to decreasing in monosaturated-diunsaturated AG and replacing unsaturated fatty acid bound at 2-position with saturated fatty acid bound at 1 or 3-positions in monounsaturated-disaturated AG. By blending with palm olein, SFC of beef tallow or its randomized fat became lower at any temperature, possibly due to decrease in trisaturated AG and increase, in low melting point components including linoleoyl AG.
2) Cholesterol content in serum (total and HDL), liver, heart and adipose tissue was basically the same among all 6 groups including the control (soybean oil) group. The analytical results on fatty acids in fecal lipids suggested the rats in the beef tallow group to preferentially excret the saturated fatty acids, rich in dietary fat, into the feces. The same was noted for palmitic acid in the palm olein group. Preferential excretion was observed in other groups except the control. The proportion of arachidonic acid in liver lipids was essentially the same for all 6 groups.
3) In feces, cholesterol content was basically the same among all groups, except the control (soybean oil). Coprostanol and lathosterol content was higher in the 2 blend groups of beef tallow or its randomized fat with palm olein than in other groups except the control.
The same was noted for bile acids. The ratio of total metabolites/cholesterol was almost equal in all groups, although cholesterol content and that of its metabolites in the control were significantly higher than in the other 5 groups.
4) From these results, the effects of beef tallow, its randomized fat and their blends with palm olein on cholesterol metabolism are shown equivalent to those of palm olein and may be virtually the same as those of soybean oil.

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A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system with a light scattering detector (mass detector) was used for the quantitative analysis of triacylglycerol, and a correction method for the quantitative data was developed. Three eluting solvents acetinitrile : acetone = 65 : 35 (same as previous paper), acetonitrile dichloromethane = 75 : 25 and acetone were used for this purpose. Signal intensity from the detector was found to vary with the molecular structure of triacylglycerol and the solvent used, and to increase with sample retention time. Signal intensity was strongly influenced by retention time than was molecular structure. The relationship between signal intensity and injected sample amount could be expressed by an empirical equation. Two constants in the equation were datermined based on sample retention times. Quantitative data could thus be corrected by the equation proposed, signal intensity and retention time. The application of this method to some randomized vegetable oils indicated the corrected value to be more accurate than obtained by a refractive index detector.

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ポテトをフライ及びいた (妙) めた時の加熱大豆油の劣化度を重合物量及び極性物質量から追跡した。大豆油中の重合物量及び極性物質量は, 加熱時間に伴って増加し, 加熱油の劣化度の測定に従来から用いられている化学特数や色調と高い相関性を示した。以上より, 重合物量及び極性物質量の測定は, 加熱調理に使われた食用油の劣化度を判定するのに有効と思われた。

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The thermostability of silicone oil and antioxidation effects of lard containing silicone oil were evaluated by thermogravimetric (TG) and Rancimat methods.
In programmed TG for silicone oil alone, the initial temperature of weight loss shifted to the higher temperature side with increase in viscosity. In programmed TG of lard samples to which silicone oil had been added, slight elevation in the initial temperature of weight loss was noted for several samples.
For isothermal TG, thermostability evaluated based on the initial time of decomposition for lard samples to which a silicone oil had been added was found similar to oxidative stability measured by the Rancimat method. Antioxidant effects determined by the two methods failed to show any definite relationship with the type or amount of silicone oil added.

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過酸化フルオロアルカノイルとトリメトキシビニルシラン及びポリ (オキシエチレン) ユニット含有メタクリレートモノマーとの反応により新規なフルオロシリコーンコオリゴマーの合成を行った。これらコオリゴマーは両親媒性フルオロシランカップリング剤として有用であることが見いだされた。

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