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Article type: Cover
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Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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Article type: Index
Pages
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Published: March 19, 1999
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H.S. Kwok, J. Chen
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-153
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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A generalized parameter space (PS) is presented where all the nematic liquid crystal display modes can be depicted. Normal ECB, TN, STN, OMI, etc modes can be located in the static or zero volt PS. The contrast ratio can also be shown on the dynamic PS when the on and off voltages are defined. The parameter space can be obtained for both transmittive and reflective LCD. The addition of a retardation film can also be incorporated. In the chromatic parameter space, the dispersion of the various operating modes can be indicated as well.
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Li-Yi Chen, Shu-Hsia Chen, Chia-Wei Hao
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-154
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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We examined the dynamic response of the chiral-homeotropic liquid crystal cell by measuring the optical transmittance. It was found that the well-known optical bounce Phenomenon which was originally found in the twist nematic cells, also appears in the chiral-homeotropic cells. The field induced backflow causes this optical bounce and it may influence the dynamic response of the cell. In this paper, we will present the experimental data and use a simple model based on ELP theory to explain the optical bounce phenomenon appearing in the homeotropic to planar state transition.
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Katsuhiko Igarahi, Makoto Omodani
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-155
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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This study aims at driving a liquid crystal medium without using address electrodes or driving circuits ; surface electric charging is used instead. This driving method can yield displays that are more compact and lower in cost. This style of LCD well fits the concept of Digital Paper. We examined the basic display characteristics of a Guest-Host PDLC when the surface electric charge is formed using the ion projection method. Repeated image formation and erasure on PDLC device by ion projection and heating were confirmed. Plain display characteristics that were independent of viewing angle were obtained. These results indicate that Guest-Host type PDLC devices are interesting candidates for realizing the concept of Digital Paper.
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R. Yamaguchi, T. Tonegi, S. Sato
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-156
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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For the azimuthal anchoring energy measurement using the torque balance method, it is difficult to determine the combination angle of easy axis between an upper substrate and a lower substrate accurately. Then we propose more accurate method without determine the easy axis combination. Some LC cells in which LC molecules align homogeneously on one substrate and axially symmetric on other side are prepared. We measured the 2D twist angle and cell thickness distributions of the cell by using a Stokes parameter Method and calculated the azimuthal anchoring energy of the alignment film.
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Shou-Qian Ding
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-157
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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This paper describes the development of designing the deflection yoke (DY) of CRT from the standpoint of historical view. It relates the introduction of field parameters, the deflection aberration theory, weight function, Trilemma, the birth of self-convergence color picture tube, multipole field correction theory, the calculation and measurement of deflection field, several new type DY.
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S. Onozawa, S. Mikoshiba, S. Shirai, K. Oku, K. Oshita, M. Sawahata
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-158
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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In order to reduce the raster moire fringes appearing in high-resolution CRTs, an evaluation technique is developed which simulates visual appearances of the moire patterns by using a Gaussian weighting method. It has been found that the moire patterns are strongly influenced by a shape of an electron beam profile. By using the evaluation technique, optimum electron beam profiles for various moire modes are pursued. Although the common belief is that the Gaussian current density distribution is the best for the beam profile which gives least moire fringes, it is found that an introduction of a small deviation to the Gaussian distribution reduces the moire contrast to an appreciable extent. This enables us to design CRT electron guns which have an improved moire characteristic.
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Toshiharu Higuchi, Sadao Matsumoto, Toru Yakabe, Shigeru Sugawara, Tun ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-159
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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Strong demand exists for the development of high-current-density and long-1ife cathodes for use in cathode ray tubes (CRTs). In response to this demand, the authors have developed and implemented the mass production of two types of Ir-coated 411 type dispenser cathodes having a heater power of 1.31 W and 0.76 W, respectively. These cathodes were designed by computer simulation, and have astructure that allows them to be assembled in electron guns configured for conventional oxide cathodes. The following three types of life tests were carried out in order to confirm the reliability of the cathodes : (1) To investigate temperature changes during the life of the cathodes, a life test of approximately 40, 000 h was conducted. The resultant temperature change was small, confirming that the reliability of the cathodes is satisfactory. (2) To investigate emission life, a 32, 000 h life test was conducted. The stability of the emission current was thereby confirmed. (3) To investigate heater life, 39, 000 h life tests were conducted at several heater temperature levels with a voltage of 300 V applied between the heater and the cathode. From the results of these tests, the minimum life of the heater is estimated to be 80, 000 h. The results obtained in the above tests confirm that these cathodes possess good reliability.
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H. Nakamura, K. Sumi, S. Mitsuhashi, M. Mizuki, K. Ebe
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-160
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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In the development of low power lmpregnated cathode, to decrease heater power the Taguchi Method has been used The newly developed low power impregnated cathode can be applied to a new electron gun^<1)〜7)>-we call this technology "L-SAGIC"^*- enabling the CRT's to achieve good performance, high resolution and brightnes. ^*Low power cathode type SAGIC^<**>^<**>Small Aperture G1 with Inpregnated Cathode
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Li-Sen Chuang, Dai-Liang Ting, Ching-Chao Chang
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-161
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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We have developed a 4-domain in-plane switching liquid crystal display (IPS-LCD) with a novel electrode structure, where data electrodes and common electrodes are perpendicular to each other. These two electrodes are formed in different layers isolated by a dielectric thin film, with larger tolerance to error of alignment between these two electrodes than conventional IPS-LCD. When a voltage difference is applied to the electrodes, liquid crystal molecules will re-orient in different directions due to the non-uniform distribution of the electric field. This results in a 4-domain LCD with vanishingly small color-shift for viewing angle over 60 degrees in the horizontal andvertical directions. The overlapping areas of these two electrodes form a part of storage capacitor for TFT-LCD apprication, which help to enlarge the apelture ratio. The test cell results will be demonstrated
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H. Numata, H. Ichinose, A. Manabe
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-162
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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Small elastic constants and large Δ ε LC substances need to develop the low driving voltage LCD. The phenomenological and theoretical calculation can be applied to develop large Δ ε LC substances. It is very important to reduce the ion density of LC cell for good reliability LCD that is characterized with small residual DC and high voltage holding ratio. It has been found that the coexistence of large Δ ε and good reliability are possible by the screening of LC substances. Non-polr substances featuring small γ _1 and low Δn also have been developed, and they can be applied for not only TN but also for IPS and VA modes.
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Yuji Nakazono, Toshiyuki Takagi, Atsushi Sawada, Shohei Naemura
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-163
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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Residual DC phenomenon is discussed based on the simulation with equivalent circuit of LC cell and experiments for three kind of cells which has different alignment layer with different specific resistivity values. Interfacial and dipole polarization of multi layered dielectrics is caused by DC voltage application. r-DC observed in short time range (few min.) can be explained by this polarization. Even after the interfacial polarization is relaxed, however, some amount of ions, which moved close to the interface between the LC and the alignment layers, remain for a longer time due to an adsorption phenomenon. The observed r-DC voltage for a longer time range, typically over 1 hour, can be explained by this model of ion adsorption.
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Hong-Da Liu, Ching-Shyang Chiu, Ing-Jer Lin, Che-Ming Hsu, C.-K. Wei, ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-164
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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We have studied the influences of monomers on polymer stabilized homeotropically aligned (PSHA) liquid crystal displays (LCD). PSHA-LCD is formed by mixing a small amount of monomers into nematic liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy, then photo-polymerizing the mixtures [1]. The voltage holding ratio (VHR) and the DC offset voltage of PSHA-LCD have been measured for studying the effect of photo-polymerized monomers on PSHA-LCD. We will demonstrate the measurement method as well as the results.
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CHING-CHAO CHANG
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-165
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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We have demonstrated SSCT (Surface Stabilized Cholesteric Textures) with homogeneous and homeotropic alignments. Both alignments can stabilize the planar texture and the focal conic texture of cholesteric liquid crystals. We compared the optical performance of the high-pretilt homogeneous SSCT with that of the homeotropic SSCT and found that the homogeneous SSCT can have more uniform coloration over very wide viewing angles, but with a smaller contrast ratio. The contrast ratios for both SSCT are greater than 5, which can be used in such applications as electronic newspapers and PDA.
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Wen-Chi Chen, Chun-Hung Lu, Ching-Hsiang Tseng
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-166
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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A simulation program of CRT design, specially focused on mask design. is proposed in the present study. Incorporating the back-tracing results of exposure system along with three-dimensional spatial geometric relations, the weighted least square method is applied to solve the characteristics of each R-G-B trio in full screen. The nesting arrangement for full screen is obtained by setting a flat mask pattern, included as horizontal/vertical pitches and aperture size. ln the same manner, the landing distribution of electron beam could be found by inputting the magnitude of misregistrations. The improvement of mask design is judged according to the increase in the guard-band of nesting distribution. Graphic User Interface (GUI) is another target in this work. Within GUI environment design engineers can comfortably operate the simulation system to input mentioned design parameters, such as : flat mask pattern, formed mask geometry. q spacing, etc. Also, the simulation results, both R-G-B trio and nesting arrangement, can be shown graphically.
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Chuang Charles, Hong Roger, Tsai Jerry, Chou Jeff
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-167
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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Hsin-Ju. HO
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-168
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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In order to meet the requirements and expectations from customers, it is necessary to improve continuously the quality of products. For color display tubes, the brightness uniformity is one of main concerns of customers and end users. We are starting a new approach method to improve the brightness uniformity. The causes of influencing the brightness uniformity include exposure correction lens (landing), exposure filter, photographic process, shadow mask design...etc. The design of filter, which corrects the light intensity distribution in the exposure system, is the most important. We can measure 192 points for tubes'brightness distribution and black matrix hole size distribution within a certain time. From the measuring results, a new correcting filter to improve the brightness uniformity can be made by our design model. The sizes of black matrix from the center to the edge are made almost as target. Better brightness uniformity in a color display tube is realized.
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CHAO-CHIN CHEN, KUO-CHING CHOU, CHI-NENG MO, C.H. TSENG, K.C. CHEN, CO ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-169
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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An experiment measurements on the effects of oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen and heilium gases on the different process stages of the cathode ray tube are presented. Using the residual gas analysis results, an exhaust timing. a getter flashing, and an emission agimg could be adjusted for obtaining an optimal process control. The tube size on 15 inch and 17 inch are measured in this study. The test procedure, the experimental set-up, and the analysis results are proposed. The methodology of the measuring program clould be constructed for future study and assurance of the quality on the different process stages could be obtained.
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Hsiang Lin Chang, Chun Hsien Yeh
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-170
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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An electron gun for high resolution 19" CDT has been developed, by using improved "CLEAR GUN" design. To avoid cut off uniformity and cathode loading problem, we choose to maintain the 0.4mm Gl aperture diameter. For the higher resolution requirement, the depth of the common lens and the object distance were increased. The former will enlarge equivalence main lens diameter and spherical aberration was reduced. The latter will cause larger object distance, i.e., smaller magnification. According to the modeling results, the spot size of the new gun is 25.8% better in horizontal direction and 8.6% in vertical direction than our conventional "CLEAR" gun.
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Cho-Liang Liang
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-171
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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It is known that moire is the counterpart of readability/focus performance. Nowadays, the requirement on the readability of a CDT is getting higher and forces the gun designers to make beam spot smaller and smaller. This makes moire inevitable under certain application conditions, because the visibility or moire pattern is determined by the electron beam spot, while the structure of mask aperture determines moire wavelength. This paper is devoted to study the relationship between the visibility of scan moire and spot size from measurements. The modulation depth (MD) of moire and electron beam spot are measured by a CCD camera. By varying the horizontal Dynamic Astigmatism and Focus (DAF) voltage, the variations of moire MD with beam spot are acquired. It is found that the spot size at both 5% and 50% of luminance distribution can characterize the moire MD in agreement with theoretical calculation.
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Chuang-Chuang Tsai, Quanyuan Shang, Takako Takehara, william Harshbarg ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-172
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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PECVD is one of the most critical technologies for manufacturing AM LCD devices. Advanced PECVD systems have been developed for low temperature deposition of a-Si, SiNx, SiO_2, SiON, and n+Si films. Typically, cluster tool configurations are used since they provide excellent process control with single substrateprocessing and flexible process flows. Recent reports indicate that good polysilicon TFTs have been manufactured using laser crystallization of a-Si precursor films. This paper will review the development of PECVD systems for volume manufacturing of LCDs and discuss process technology and requirements for future manufacturing.
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Yang Chien-Sheng
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-173
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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This article demonstrates good quality amorphous silicon thin film transistors (TFT) fabricated with a maximum processing temperature of 110 ℃ on glass or flexible transparent plastic substrates, using rf plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Hydrogen diluted silane was used for the preparation of the amorphous silicon (a-Si), while SiH_4/NH_3/N_2 or SiH_4/NH_3/N_2/H_2 mixtures were used for the preparation of silicon nitride (SiNx) films. Gate and source/drain metal was sputter deposited molybdenum. Plastic substrates were indium tin oxide (ITO) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Transistors formed, using same processes, on glass and plastic show linear mobilities of 0.33 and 0.12 cm^2/Vs, respectively, with I_<ON>/I_<OFF> ratios greater than lO^6. For transistors on glass, the achieved highest linear mobility is 0.54 cm^2/Vs. The stability of transistors was characterized using electrical stress measurements. The threshold voltage shift is 5.0 volt for a typical transistor on glass substrate, using a stress condition of Vg=25 volt, 600 seconds. Without applying electrical stresses, threshold voltages and linear mobilities of all transistors were found to increase with storage time. We suggest that the relaxation of the interface (SiNx/a-Si) through the bond breaking of the weakest Si-Si bonds contribute the observation.
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J.H. Chen, T.H. Huang, Y.E. Chen
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-174
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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A new back channel etched hydrogenated thin film transistor (TFT) device with an island metal masking structure has been proposed and fabricated. The TFT structure contained a continue layer deposition process of SiNx/a-Si/n+a-Si/Metal, and finally resulted in an additional metal layer between source/drain metals and island. The channel metal was etched in the S/D metal mask patterning simultaneously. Results showed the newly designed TFT device exhibiting some characteristics : (i) good S/D metal/n+a-Si contact ; (ii) prevention of plasma damage during processing especially for oxygen plasma ashing and (iii) without additional mask. These advantages will be helpful for a wider range of process window in large area mass production a-Si TFT fabrications.
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Man Wong, Gururaj A. Bhat, Hoi S. Kwok
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-175
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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In conventional metal-induced-laterally crystallized (MILC) thin film transistors (TFTs), the source and drain regions are crystallized by metal-induced crystallization (MIC) self-aligned to the edges of the gate electrodes. A distinct grain boundary exists at the border between the MILC and the MIC regions. It will be shown that the apparent threshold voltage (V_t) of the MTLC TFTs is affected by the presence of these MILC/MIC grain boundaries (MMGBs) at the edges of the transistor channels. Furthermore, V_t can be reduced either by eliminating the MMGBs from both the source and drain junctions or by hydrogen passivation of the traps in the MMGBs.
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Chunxiang Zhu, Johnny K.O. Sin, Hoi S. Kwok
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-176
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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A p-channel poly-Si CMTFT (Conductivity Modulated Thin-Film Transistor) is demonstrated and experimentally characterized. The transistor uses the concept of conductivity modulation in the offset region to obtain a significant reduction in on-state resistance. This structure can provide 1.5 to 2 orders of magnitude higher on-state current than that of the conventional offset drain TFT at drain voltage ranging from -15V to -5V while still maintaining low leakage current and simplicity in device operation. The p-channel CMTFT can be combined with the n-channel CMTFT to form CMOS high voltage drivers, which is very suitable for use in fully integrated large area electronic applications.
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Shih-Chang Chang, Chung-Chih Wu, I-Min Lu, Yeong-E Chen
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-177
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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Effect of parasitic resistance (Rp) on the mobility in laser-crystallized low-temperature (LT) poly-Si thin film transistors (TFTs) of various channel lengths was investigated. The minimum off current at Vd=10V in these TFTs is scaleable and is about 0.15 pA/μm. Significant reduction of mobility was observed in short channel devices due to parasitic resistance. Based on our analysis of the Rp requirement for high-performance short-channel LT poly-Si TFTs, to avoid significant degradation in the mobility for the mobility larger than 300 cm^2/Vs, it's necessary to keep Rp below 200 ohm.
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Shigeo Mikoshiba
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-178
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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Billion-dollar investments for the mass production of 40 - 60 in. diagonal color plasma displays are continuing in Japan and Korea. Fundamental principles and present R/D status of the plasma displays will be explored. The key words for the R/D are, picture quality, luminous efficiency, and cost.
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Y-W. Zhu, T. Shiga, S. Mikoshiba, T. Ueda, K. Kariya, K. Toda
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-179
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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Determination of magnitudes of motion-dependent equalizing pulses for reducing the gray scale disturbances on PDPs has been examined. First, amounts of light intensity perceived by the retina are calculated. Then the pixels to which to add the equalizing pulses are determined by checking whether the disturbance is dark or bright. Also appropriate Sub-fields of each pixels are chosen for emission compensation. Finally, a feed-back loop for provided for a fine adjustment of luminance. The technique is applicable to any sub-field configuration.
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Jeongduk Ryeom, Yun Pil Eo, Young Bae Roh, Chang Bae Park
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-180
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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To achieve high speed addressing for HDTV grade plasma display, optimization of the timing pulses of priming and addressing have been made. A space charge control pulses were applied to address electrodes to prevent the sustaining voltage hike for high frequency sustaining. As a result, addressing of address pulse width 1 μs has been realized and 10V voltage reduction in sustain pulse of which width 1.8 μs has been achieved. The image of 256×160 pixels with 8 bit gray scale could be displayed. luminance of 560 cd/m^2 and background luminance of 0.58 cd/m^2 have been achieved by one priming discharge in one TV field.
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Chern-Lin Chen, Ching-Te Tseng, Shin-Tai Lo, Lee Kelvin
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-181
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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While a moving image is displayed on AC-PDP, disturbances of gray scales and colors may be observed. Various methods to improve the image quality are quantitatively compared. Motion image disturbance on AC-PDP has been properly simulated on a computer by using a simple eye-tracking model to simplify the relation between the moving image on AC-PDP, light emission from the PDP, and the captured image with disturbance on retina. From the simulation results, we can easily choose an effective light emission scheme to improve the moving image quality on AC-PDP.
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Ilhun Son, Daejin Myoung, Siwoo Kim, Youngbok Song, Myoung-Ho Park
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-182
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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This paper introduces a new addressing scheme for ac-PDP : multiple addressing in single sustain (MASS) method in which multiple scan lines are addressed in a single sustain discharge period. Since the writing discharge occurs while the sustain voltage is applied between scan and common electrodes, the wall charge accumulation time is longer than the write pulse duration enabling the high speed addressing. 33x100 color ac-PDP is successfully operated with 1.5 μsec addressing time.
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Dean C. Wu
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-183
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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A breakthrough technology for very large area display is developed. The display using a specialized liquid crystal polymer will have some of the most desired display characteristics. Various kinds of substrate can be used, glass, plastic, transparent, opaque, rigid and even flexible. The display can be easily fabricated using printing techniques and a few simple processlng steps. The whole display can be made of polymers. There is no need for hermetically sealing or precision cell-gap control. This has greatly simplified the display assembly processes. There is no need for expensive capltal equipment or clean room. Non-mechanical liquid crystal alignment processes and related state-of-the-art driving techique are required to completely develop the technology. As a result, very large area displays can be produced at low cost.
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Cne-Wei Chang, Fu-Jen Ko, Han-Ping.D. Shieh
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-184
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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The black matrix of Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) degrades image quality of projection system and Head Mount Displays (HMDs) by appearing as dark boundaries around each pixel. Therefore, an image smoothing technique is required to suppress these boundaries. With proposed image smoothing grating, not only the horizontal but also vertical parts of black matrix fade away into the first order diffraction beams. Moreover, the contrast of the smoothed image is close to the original value, because the second order beams can be designed to be negligible.
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D.D. Huang, J. Chen, H.C. Huang
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-185
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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We present optical modeling of small pixels in reflective liquid crystal display (LCD). The optical analysis is divided into two parts. In the first part, the two-dimensional (2D) director configuration of the LCD in rectangular mesh was calculated by simultaneously solving the 2D Poisson equation and a 2D continuum theory equation. In the Second part, the generalized Jones matrix was used to simulate for the optical reflectance through the LCD with the 2D director configuration obtained from the first part. This optical modeling was applied to analyze optical reflectance of small pixels in reflective mixed-mode twisted nematic (MTN) cells on silicon substrate. Both the simulated and experimental data of the MTN cells with a pixel pitch of 10 to 25μm under frame and column inversion of polarities are presented.
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P.W. Cheng, H.C. Huang
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-186
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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We have developed a highly integrated liquid-crystal-on-silicon microdisplay for virtual reality applications. The silicon panel was designed and fabricated by a custom 0.5μm 3-metal CMOS technology with 704 x 576 pixels. We further utilized field programmable gate array (FPGA) as an application specific integrated circuit to implement a color sequential technique. Image scaling was also applied to linearly expand VGA, NTSC and PAL images in order to fill the whole display panel. As a result, we were able to display VGA, NTSC and PAL videos by the same display system. This compact microdisplay system can lead to a variety of virtual reality applications.
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Banks Dr Lewis
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-187
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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A high performance reflective microdisplay has been developed that is capable of supporting color video operation at resolutions of XGA and above. The device uses ferroelectric liquid crystal and is fabricated over a silicon substrate on to which the reflective metal pixels and device addressing circuitry are fabricated. Both the silicon processing and the assembly of the LC cell use industry standard processes which results in a very high performance and low cost device. These displays are suitable for use in head mount and projection display systems. A particular advantage of the technology is that in enables the design and production of low cost single channel color systems which are predicted to be both cost and performance competitive with existing CRT products.
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W.C. Chou, J.N. Chen, T.S. Huang, H.J. King, C.H. Chen, S.M. Wang
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-188
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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The head mounted display (HMD) was derived from the virtual reality(VR). Now, because its applications and product functions was Changed, the HMD is gradually changed from laboratory equipment to a consumer-electric products. In the future, the applications of business and consumer purpose will bring further potential profits. In its commercialized product design process, the characters of end-user and markets must be considered. In this research, the human engineering, image scale, product design methodologies and theories will employ to assist the commercialized product design of HMD. Our purpose is to propose investigation of methodologies and techniques or HMD product at its commercialized process. These methodoleges and techniques can assist the further manufacturer to setup their product design principles and strategies for HMD design.
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Chain-Shu Hsu, Kuo-Feng Shyu, Ya-Yun Chuang, Shin-Tson Wu
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-189
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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Several series of bistolane liquid crystals were synthesized and characterized. The structure-properties relationship of the obtained compounds is discussed. These highly conjugated liquid crystals exhibit not only high birefringence but also low melting temperature. Their potential applications for flat panel display employing light scattering on Bragg reflection are emphasized.
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H. Seki, T. Uwano, Tatsuo Uchida
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-190
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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A bright reflective LCD without a backlight is a key device for portable information systems. The guest-host LCDs use absorption anisotropy effect of dichroic dyes and have a wide viewing angle cone [1]. So that, the GH-LCDs does not need complicated designs of optical compensation in birefringence or optical rotatory power modes. One of the applications of GH-LCDs is a black and white display which works as a light shutter of a full color reflective display with micro-color filters. Then it is necessary to mix dyes for achromatic display. The Newton-Raphson method is useful for the calculation of optimum dye concentrations in order to display designed color. In this work, the judgement of the calculated results is discussed. As a result, the calculated result with Newton-Raphson method is quickly and easily evaluated. The process gives us a helpful guideline in fabrication of the reflective color LCD and it is expected that the precise color matching improves the quality of LCDs.
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Jyh-Wen Shiu, Dai-Liang Ting, Chung-Yung Liu, Ching-Her Chao, Hseang-R ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-191
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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We have developed a high quality and simplified multigap color filter (MCF). Amultigap LCD is effective for reduction of color dispersion and improvement of viewing angle. A MCF is achieved by applying a single-layer of transparent positive type photo resist to the multigap color filter. The gap difference is easily determined by controlling amount of the UV exposure. The high degree of flatness of MCF, compared to that obtained by double-layer of transparent negative type photo resist, will be shown. Investigation of the influence of post exposure process on the transmittance will also be reported. The high quality, simplified MCF with only one additional coating of photo resist to color filter is easy to apply to many types of LCD, such as OCB and normally black TN for performance improvement.
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Chih-Yeong Hsieh, Yeong-Shiun Wu, Yang-An Wu, Shu-Hsia Chen
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-192
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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The narrow viewing angle of the twisted nematic liquid crystal displays (TN LCDs) limits the display's performance especially on the desktop monitors or large size TVs. Recently, the compensation films have been extensively developed to improve the viewing angle of TN LCDs. We have investigated the compensation films for TN-LCDs which are combined O-plates and C-plates, The parameters of the compensation films have been optimized by computer simulation and these results showed that the films could minimize the oblique leakage light of the dark state and improve the viewing angle efficiently.
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Rong Jer Lee, Jr Cheng Fan, Tzong Shing Cheng, Jung Lung Wu
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-193
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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A positive working pigment-dispersed color resist comprising organic pigments and a chemically amplified resist system is designed for high resolution color filter with fine patterns of less than 5 μm lines and spaces. It also shows high brightness and good color reproducibility. An acrylic binder including acid labile group and aromatic function group that have both functions of acid catalysed unblocking and good compatibility with pigments is also synthesized.
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Fu-Lung Chen, Ted-Horng Shinn, Chein-Dhau Lee, Wen-Shiang Wang
Article type: Article
Session ID: IDY99-194
Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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Polyimide was applied to aligning liquid crystals (LCs) since 1970. It is desirable that polyimide perform stable conformation to control the pretilt angle of LCs. Low pretilt angle (1-2 degrees) of LCs is the key issue for high duty TN-LCD. In this paper we report the design, synthesis and properties of a series of polyimide alignment materials for LCs. The LC cells exhibit stable pretilt angle (less than 2 degrees) irrespective of curing temperature and rubbing treatment, also show no reverse tilt disclination after thermal annealing treatment. We suggest that rigid biphenyl skeletons are the key factor for the stable conformation of polyimide alignment materials.
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Article type: Appendix
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Published: March 19, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 23, 2017
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