I present here the results of histological study on the specimens obtained from 127 patients with prostatism who have been operated for the past three ye ors and nine months at the Department of Urology, Niigata University.
1. There are 14 cases (11.0%) of clinically diagnosed carcinoma of the prastate. Five cases of occult carcinoma being added to them, carcinoma of the prostate is observed in 19 cases (15.0%).
Such a figure of the frequency of the prostatic carcinoma indicates that the condition is not so rarer in Japan than in Europe and America as it has been thought up to this time.
2. The fourteen cases of clinically diagnosed carcinoma of the prostate consist of 10 of adenocarcinom and 4 of scirrhus in which tumor tissue involves all over the gland or infiltrates beyond it, and tumor cells tend to break into the perineural lymph space.
3. There are 5 cases of occult carcinoma that has not been able to be diagnosed clinically to be carcinoma, but has been discovered only with histological examination.
These 5 cases make 3.9% of all the 127 cases or 5% of 101 cases of the prostatic hypertrophy. One focus of carcinoma is observed in 4 cases and two are in one case.
4. There are 16 cases of what we call microfollicular hyperplasia, which, to some degree, seems to be responsible for the considerable difference of the frequency of the occult carcinoma among some reports of it.
These 16 cases make 12.6% of the 127 cases or 15.8% of 101 cases of the prostatic hypertrophy. There are many areas in 10 cases and one only in 6 cases, and they tend to be distributed at the periphery, especially at the front and the back.
5. Besides the 16 cases, the microfollicular hyperplasia accompanies all cases of the occult carcinoma, and I think that it had better be treated practically as the occult carcinoma regardless of the difference in the histological interpretations for it.
6. Squamous cell metaplasia of the epithelium of the prostatic gland accompanies the carcinoma, the microfollicular hyperplasia and the infarction in to cases.
It will be a problem in future how to treat this condition practically.

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This paper deals with the technique of Solidography applied to urological examination.
The focus on X-ray tube and the rotation axes of two rotation tables were arranged so as to be placed in a vertical plane. On table A, nearer to the tube, a patient was stood while on table B which is farther to the tube was placed a box cassette. The X-ray tube was situated so high from the surface of the table that the central X-ray was inclined with approximately 30° to the horizontal film (Eastman Medical No-Screen-Film) piled in the box cassette (Fig. 1, 2a. 4).
At the operation of roentgenography a person (33 year old healthy wife) stood on the rotation table with her kidney to the central X-ray and was rotated. At the same time as the rotation, exposure was started under the condition of 87KV, 70mA and 21 seconds. When the rotation table rotated from 0° to 360°, the exposure came to the end. On 15 roentgenograms thus taken there were imaged the cross section of the kidney every 7.4mm different in position respectively (Fig. 7).
From these roentgenograms we constructed the plastic figure of the kindney as follows.
First, we drew two straight lines joining rectangular through the midcenter of the films, the logitudinal standard line and the horizontal one. Then we reduced photographically the X-ray images with the ratio of the focus-rotation table A distance to the focus-rotation table B distance, and obtained life size figures of cross section of the kidney. Then the contour of the kidney on this roentgenogram was hemmed accurately with the thin lead band of 7.4mm in breadth and 0.1mm in thickness. The gypus kneaded in mortar was poured into this closed band and thus a gypus plate of 7.4mm in thickness was obtained. The gypus plate was marked with the longitudinal and horizontal standard lines of the roentgenogram on its surface. The plastic plates obtained thus were piled up one by one along the standard line.
The plastic figure with rugged surface (Fig. 8. left) was removed its excessive projection, then the real smooth contour of the kidney was obtained (Fig. 8. right).

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As a part of Prof. Tabayashi's investigations on the absorptive ability of the urinary bladder, the auther has made observations on the penetrability of protein silver (Argentum proteinicum) into the vesical tissue as determined by the silver reaction method. Such an investigation, however, is by no means easy. As is well known, protein silver was first marketed in 1897 under the trade name of Protargol which was highly recommended by A. Neisser, and numerous studies as to its clinical value have since been published.
In this Department, both Aika (1942) and Abe (1949) have made attempts to ascertain without success the absorption of protein silver through the bladder wall. In 1952, however, Oi succeeded in demonstrating beyond any doubt the absorption of this drug to the extent of 15.9 per cent (15 minutes) up to 50. 1per cent (24 hours) after its intravesical instillation. The present experiment has been undertaken to determine if the silver reaction technique could be utilized for demonstrating the presence of protein silver in the urinary tissue.
1. Utilizing the experimental method of Oi, the bladder was isolated in one group of (16) rabbits, and in the control group of similar number of animals the organ was left intact.
In the bladders of all animals in both groups 3 cc of a 3% protein silver solution were injected, after which the bladders of experimental animals were sutured. A tissue sample was removed from each animal for histological examination at intervals of 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours. Positive results were obtained in all 32 animals, 16 in each group (Fig. 1-10).
2 The presence of silver was demonstrated in almost every portion of the bladder tissue examined, including the epithelial layer, the basal membrane, the membrane propria, the interstitium of the connective tissue, the muscularis, the external membrane as well as the vascular and lymphatic system distributed between these structures.
3. The positive silver reaction can be identified in the form of fine granules of either dark brown, yellowish or light brown pigmented dots.
The granules of all these varying intensities of pigmentation are usually found, although a few of these present the reaction of only one color intensity.
4. In the epithelial layer of the mucosa, the distribution of the granules with positive silver reaction takes the direction from the surface to the deeper portion, many between the cells in the form of a mesh, while some granules infiltrate the cells from the surface deep into the cytoplasm, these cells heavily loaded with silver granules being ultimately shed. The basement membrane as a rule is thickened with aggregated or dispersed silver granules. Practically identical pictures are encountered in the connective tissue interstices of the membrana propria, some specimens showing even complete focal infiltrations. The external layer affears to ingest silver more intensely than the connective tissue portion.
5. The vascular and lymphatic tissues demonstrate the most extensive presence of silver, particularly the capillaries, the branching portion of venules, the lymphatics and the tissue spaces.
6. As to the speed of absorption, the mucosal epithelium shows the easiliest ingestion at 15 minutes, the basal membrane and other deeper portions being less speedy. The specimens taken after 30 minutes show most conspicuously the presence of silver granules in the deeper portions including in the vascular and lymphatic structures.
7. Protein silver solution instilled into the bladder first infiltrates the mucosal epithelium and gradually migrates into the deeper structures.
In the course of this process, desquamation of the epithelium occurs, which, however, regenerating later again ingests the silver. Thus, this repetition of shedding of old epithelium, followed by regeneration and re-ingestion, leads to the continued deposition of silver granules in th

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