The physiological movements of the miction of the upper urinary tracts were studied by 16mm X-ray cinematographic method using Philips image intensifier, Shimazu X-ray tube with rotating anode and Shimazu X-ray apparatus 1000mA type. Cinepyelograms were taken by Bolex H 16 cinecamera installing Switer F. 1.4 lens with Sakura 16mm ASA 200 negative film or Fuji 16mm cinefluorographic film. The usual exposure factors were from 1 to 4mA and 60KV and the film speed was 8 frams per second. The analyse of cinepyelograms were performed by ordinary vision and slowly motioned projection. Moreover, the action of different portions of the upper urinary tracts were investigated at still position based upon the serial measurement of the diameter of the calyces, pelvis and ureteropelvic junction on the fullsized image of the retrograde cine-pyelograms using a single framing projector.
1) Cineradiographical studies were performed in normal persons including 4 cases of female and 1 case of male, and the following results were obtained.
The peristaltic contraction passes uninterruptedly from the fornix to the upper portion of ureter through calyceal neck and pelvis. This movement occures periodically and transmitts to the urinary bladder. At the resting phase the rapid but incomplete peristalsis are observed in the calyces. It seems to send the excreted content of calyces to the dilated pelvis.
The contraction waves of the periodical peristalsis begin simultaneously from all fornix in 2 cases out of 4 at the supine position and in 1 case out of 2 at the erect position. In all cases, the upper and middle calyces begin the systolic movements simultaneously at the portion of fornix. But in 2 cases of them, the lower calyces show the retardation of the contraction because of the regurgitation of the contrast medium. From the comparison of systolic pattern at the ureteropelvic junction and pelviocalyceal junction, it is presumed that there is no sphincteric coordination to prevent the regurgitation into them.
At the transmission of contraction wave from the calyces to the pelvis, the regurgitation has been observed at each calyces in 2 cases of them. It is considered that the calyceal regurgitation may damage the renal papillae due to the rise of intrapelvic pressure.
There are no essential variation in the contraction waves at the supine and erect position. But at the erect position a tendency of elongation of the systolic phase is seen at all portions.
There is no relationship between the beginning of systole and respiratory movement. The duration of the contraction is 8.5 to 19.4 seconds in supine position and 6.2 to 12.8 seconds in erect position. The contraction wave at erect position is shortended and frequent.
The time of the disappearance of radio-opaque medium from the calyces and pelvis is 4min. 9sec. to 8min. 46sec. at the supine position and 1min. 20sec. to 4min. 48sec. at erect position. Namely excretory time at the erect position is shortened as near half of supine position.
2) The urinary movements of the upper urinary tracts in 14 cases (21 affected kidneys) of movable kidney were observed cineradiographically, and the following results were obtained.
As well as the occasion of the normal kidney, the periodical peristaltic contraction begins from the fornix to the upper portion of ureter through the pelvis, but at the erect position the diminution or disappearance of contraction is seen at times by the accumulation of the contrast medium due to the descent of the kidney.
In a case of movable kidney associated with hydronephrosis the contraction of fornix is not found both at the supine and erect position. The periodical peristaltic contraction of pelvis disappears in 5 cases out of 21 affected kidneys at erect position. It may be caused by the accumulation of the contrast medium in the pelvis secondary to the bending of pelvioureteral junction. At the upper portion of the ureter, all of the cases show th

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Since the report of Huggins and Hodges in 1941 anti-androgenic treatment was widely recommended for the treatment of prostatic carcinoma and from clinical and endocrinological point of view, numerous reports have been published, but only a few report concerning urinary estrogens in course of anti-androgenic treatment.
The auther presents the changes of urinary estrogen excretion of patients with prostatic carcinoma in course of several kinds of anti-androgenic treatment.
Estrogen outputs in urine were determined in 21 patients, of which 4 were performed with castration, 7 were administered with synthetic estrogens (Hexestrol of Stilbestrol diphosphate), 4 were administered with corticosteroids and 6 were performed with hypothalamo-pituitary x-ray irradiation.
Urinary estrogens (estrone, estradiol-17β and estriol) determined by modified method of Aida (1959).
In cases of hypothalamo-pituitary irradiation of x-ray was irradiated on the fields of bilateral temporal areas, total surface doses ranging from 2500 to 6000r. In 5 cases surface dosis of 250r at a time was irradiated on a field of each side alternately every other day, and in the remaining. one 150r was irradiated at a time every day alternately on each side.
The results are as follows:
1) Urinary estrogens showed transient increase within 10 days after castration, the rate of increase being 48.1%. One month after the intervention the values decreased to about 70% of preoperative level.
2) Following administration of synthetic estrogens (Hexestrol or Stilbestrol diphosphate) daily outputs of urinary estrogens showed indifinite of decreasing tendency.
3) Administration of corticosteroids did not resulted in definite changes of urinary estrogen, excretion.
4) There observed two peaks of urinary estrogen excretion in course of hypothalamo-pituitary x-ray irradiation, which were encountered when total surface doses amounted 250 to 900r and 3000 to 4000r. The rates of increase were 48.3% and 54.1%, respectively. Between the two peaks of increment urinary estrogens remained in the level as much as pre-irradiation. After the course of irradiation, urinary estrogen excretion decreased to 90% of pre-irradiation level. There was no difference of urinary estrogen excretion between patients with metastasis and without metastasis. In 3 of 6 patients clinical responses of the carcinoma to the irradiation were verified as reduction in size and in hardness of the prostate gland, decreased amount of residual urine and cellular atrophy and fibrosis in biopsy specimens. Presence of two peaks of urinary estrogens suggests that there may be some controlling mechanism in estrogen excretion other than hypothalamopituitary system.

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A case of renal tumor, in which radical nephrectomy with partial resection of the inferior vena cava was performed, is presented with a review of the literature. Indications, clinical manifestations and development of collateral veins in case of vena cava ligation are discussed.

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