The biological, biochemical and histo-pathological studies were performed on the hypophysealadrenal system, testes and the other male accessory sex organs of the experimental diabetic rabbits. Seventy alloxan diabetic rabbits, in total, were obtained by the injection of alloxan monohydrate for the period of 1 to 25 weeks.
The summarized results were as follows;
1) The average weight of the adrenals was significantly increased by the administration of alloxan, but, on the contrary, the mean weight of the testes was decreased.
2) The pituitary gonadotropic potency was considerably decreased. Another interesting fact was that the ratio of F. S. H. (follicle stimulating hormone) and L. H. (luteinizing hormone=I. C. S. H.; interstitial cell stimulating hormone) concentration was changed beyond the physiological limits.
3) The cholesterol content in adrenal glands were increased during the initial 5 weeks after the alloxan administration, and then it showed a steady decline for long time.
4) The adrenal ascorbic acid content was varied parallel with the change in the weight of the adrenals and testes.
5) The testicular damage was the most prominent in seminal-tubules. Spermatozoa were, however, recognized in seminal-tubules more frequently than expected.
6) No remarkable changes were observed in the seminal tubules, seminal vesicles, and prostate, while slight edema of the interstitial tissue were recognized.

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Alterations of the I¹³¹ hippuran renogram curve were estimated in dogs in response to such specific procedures as changes of skin-crystal distance, displacement of the probe, changes of the dosis injected, changes of urine flow rate, ureteral obstruction, renal arterial stricture and suppression of tubular function.
Several experiments concerning blood attenuation curve of I¹³¹ hippuran, its site of secretion and its distribution in kidney were performed in dogs.
Assuming that renogram curve is composed of the counting rates in renal vascuature, extrarenal vasculature and urinary tract (including tubules) within the collimator view, the curve is shown theoretically by the formulae (8) and (9). In cases of prolonged renal circulation or presence of diffusion space in urinary tract, the formulae (10) (11) or (14) (15) are appropriate respectively.
Theoretical alterations of the curve in speciflc procedures as shown in Tab. 9 are in accord with the experimental results summarized in Tab. 8.
Renogram curve is considered to be composed of many variables as follows:
1. External variables:
special and instrumental states (ε), sort of radioactive nuclide (ε), time constant (τ), dosis injected (m), method of injection (m).
2. Somatic variables:
i) systemic variables: space of diffusion and total kidney function (p)
ii) renal variables: renal blood flow (F), renal extraction of labelled compound (E), renal circulation time (z₁, z₂), urine transit time (n), renal vascular capacity (Q₁, Q₂), urinary dead (diffusion) space (D)
iii) extrarenal variables: vascular capacity within collimator veiw except that in kidney (Q₃).
It is reasonable to presume that counting rate of the segment a would be determined chiefly by renal and extrarenal vascular capacities and it decreases in either renal parenchymal reduction or severe renal arterial stricture.
Slope of the segment b is predominantly influenced by tubular function, decrease of which accompanys diminution of the slope. Left and right ratio of the slopes or urinary tract counting rates obtained by subtraction of blood counting rate from the value of the segment b, would be approximately equal to the hippuran clearance ratio of left and right kidneys.
Inverse relationship is obtained between the peak time and the urine flow rate. It is presumed that the peak time indicates the urine transit time which is the time required for urine through tubular lumen and renal pelvis to flow away outside the collimator view. As ureteral obstruction prolongs the peak time, it is obvious that the urine transit time is influenced not only by urine flow rate but by urinary tract space.
An available indicator to evaluate the segment c is its attenuation constant which is equal to that of blood curve except when urinary tract has diffusion space caused by reduction of urine flow or urinary tract obstruction, in which case the constant becomes smaller than that of blood curve.
Based on these fundamental alterations of the parameters, vairous renogram patterns in diseases may be clearly interpreted.
However, quantitative evaluation of the curve is a difficult problem, because counting rate of the segment a and slope of the segment b are markedly influenced by external variables which are unable to be kept constant in all cases, and both the peak time and the attenuation constant of the segment c change within small ranges.
It may be concluded that qualitative or semi-quantitative information about hippuran clearance, urine transit time (urine flow rate) and urinary tract patency in separate kidneys may be obtained from the curve and as one of separate kidney function tests the renogram has clinical significance with its technical advantages.

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In order to improve the dialysis efficiency of the Jikei Electro-Dialyzer, the author constructed a new type of electro-dialyzer with many dialysis chambers. This new apparatus consist of three blood chambers and two bath fluid chambers. Each of them is placed alternately and combined with bolt and nut. Then, all the chambers are set into an outer bath fluid chamber with an electric board. The blood chambers are thin in thickness and consist of many more chambers as compared with the D-Type blood chambers. Consequently a larger dialysing surface can be obtained without enlargement in scale. Each chambers is place three dimentionally against the electric field, in order to maintain the characteristic function of the electro-dialysis.
The author carried out various in vitro experiments on the fundamental dialysing efficiency of the apparatus with three blood chambers, and for in vivo experiments the author used six nephrectomized dogs to study the practical dialysing efficiency of the apparatus. Six nephrectomized dogs were hemodialyzed for 2 hours respectively, and observation were made on the changes of B. U. N. and blood electrolyte value before and after hemodialysis. Among the six dogs, three were hemodialyzed after 24 hours and two after 48 hours following bilateral nephrectomy. One was hemodialyzed by using two blood chambers after 24 hours following bilateral nephrectomy.
The results obtained in vitro experiments are summarized as follows.
1) This apparatus has a larger dialysing area as compared with the D-Type Electro-Dialyzer without enlargement of its scale.
2) It needs a larger amount of bath fluid than the D-Type Electro-Dialyzer during 2 hours hemodialysis (about 271)
3) Limitation of blood flow is 170cc/min, and the suitable flow is 100-120cc/min.
4) When the temperature of this apparatus chamber reaches 35-37°C, an electric current density similar to that of D-Type Electro-Dialyzer can be obtained.
5) Series connection proved more satisfactory than the parallel method.
6) The dialysing efficiency of nonelectrolyte and electrolyte substance was better than the D-Type Electro-Dialyzer.
7) Furthermore, there is a possibility that this apparatus can remove the body fluid by ultrafiltration. Ultrafiltration is caused by a rise of inner pressure of the blood chamber.
The experimental results of bilaterally nephrectomized dogs are as follows.
1) Approximately 15mg/dl B. U. N. can be removed hourly.
2) As to the corrective ability of blood electrolyte imbalance, especially hyperpotassemia which was observed all nephrectomized dogs, a return to normal level was found after 2 hours of hemodialysis.
3) When two blood chambers are applied, the B. U. N. dialysis efficiency consisted in the capacity to remove 7mg/dl hourly.
This new apparatus which has many adventages as an effective artificial kidney can be used clinically for the treatment of uremia.

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Urinary excretion of 17-OHCS, 17-KS, 17α-hydroxypregnanolone, pregnanetriol, estrogen and pregnanediol was determined chromatographically using partially esterified Amberlite IRC-50 in 7 cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In a sixteen-year-old girl, exhibiting 11β-hydroxylation disturbance, were proved high output of THS (41mg/day) and also a slight amout of allo-THS (250μg/day). As to the isomers of pregnanetriol, 5β-pregnane-3α, 17α, 20α-triol, 5α-pregnane-3α, 17α, 20α-triol and 5β-pregnane-3α, 17α, 20β-triol were separated, but their 5β/5α ratios were not in proportionate to those of 11-deoxy-17-oxosteroids

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Observations on clinical statistics, diagnosis, screening tests and speciflcities of therapeutics of urogenital malformation in children were made with the following results;
1. Urogenital malformation in children, occupying 40-50 per cent of all cases, is the most important disease in pediatric urological diseases.
2. In 66 per cent of all malformations, the diagnosis was made easily by simple inspection and/orpalpation. However, in cases of questionable external genitalia in newborn infants, the determination palpation. However, in cases of questionable external genitalia in newborn infants, the detremination of sex should be done with extreme care.
3. Only 11 cases of ureterocele in infants and children have been reported in Japan. This is because the rate of frequency of endoscopic examination in children is very low. We ae the opinion that endoscopic examination should be more frequently conducted in children in order to determine the presence or absence of urogenital malformation. Intravenous pyelography in children with pyuria is imperative, because of the high incidence of malformation in the urinary tract. In addition, vaginography in ectopic ending ureter of female children and excretory cystourethrography in children with pyuria are also important.
4. Inspection and/or palpation of 50 newborn infants, urological examination of 56 children with non-urological malformation such as cleft lip and congenital heart failure, urographic examination of 124 children with pyuria and sex chromatin examination of 373 children with mental deflciency were conducted and 19 children with urogenital malformation were found.
5. Out of 83 children with urogenital malformation, non-surgical treatment and/or periodic checkups were madein 17 cases, while palstic and reconstructive operations were conducted in 53 cases and 18 extirpation operations were made. In 11 out of the 18 extirpation operation cases, plastic ooeration or conservative operation could be done, if early diagnosis was made.
From the results above mentioned it is emphasized that screening tests and early diagnosis are extremely important in urogenital malformation of children.

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The tumors of the epididymis are found relatively rarely. Longo et al. summarized on 98 benign and 36 malignant neoplasms of the epididymis recorded up to 1951. In our country 54 cases of the tumors of the epididymis have been reported.
benign:
adenomatoid tumor 16
leiomyoma 12
rhabdomyoma 1
papilloma 1
fibromyxoma 1
mixed tumor 1
total 32
malignant:
carcinoma 8
sarcoma 10
seminoma 2
malignant lymphoma 1
teratoma 1
total 22
As for adenomatoid tumor, in 1916 Sakaguchi described as the flrst case of adenomyoma. In 1958 Jackson studied the origin of this tumor in detail.
An 18 year-old man with adenomatoid tumor of left epididymis is reported in this paper.

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