It is well Known that, of the cases showing gonorrheal infection of female genitalia, Those involving the uterine cervix are more important than those affecting the urethra. In a morphological investigation of cervical gonorrhea, UCHIDA (1957) described in detail the histopatholgy of the tissues affected, but this author did not include observations on the pathogenic microorganism concerned in this disease. The present author attempted to study the nature of gonorrheal cervicitis by observing and carefully searching for the presence of gonococci invading the cervical tissue, in as much as the pathological changes are inseparably related to the invasion of the pathogenic microorganism.
This phase of the problem has often been neglected, since it is extremely difficult to demonstrate the microorganisms in the tissues.
In spite of many difficulties, the author has attacked the problem by applying the following methods to the available materials.
1. The materials on which the present observations were made comprise 50 cases of acute and subacute gonorrheal cervicitis, in which the cervical tissues have been examined.
2. In all cases the presence of gonococci was demonstrated by means of two or more staining technics (methylene blue and gram's stain) in the cervical secretion at the time of first examination.
3. The biopsy tissue was removed from the cervix at first examination, after performing necessary diagnostic examinations, by the use of a specially designed triangular sharp spoon, estimated to be of sufficient size extending 1-2cm deep from the exterior os. The curetted material was at once fixed in formalin or alcohol and prepared in serial sections from paraffine blocks. The specimens so made are designated as the prepations of the first series, while those of the second series were prepared by the same procedure except the tissues were obtained after 4-6 days of treatment with 2.400.000-3.600.000units of penicillin, or 20-30g of sulfathiazole or Penigin tablets.
The total number of materials used for observation comprised 95 specimens, of which 50 were the first and 45 were the second preparations.
4. The histological features as well as the inflammatory changes were ascertained by ordinary staining methods, and the relations of the changes in the sexual cycle to the inflammation were ascertained.
The classification of the changes in the sexual cycle was made in accordance with the description of Harada (1954). For the purpose of differentiating the scattered granules from the gonococci present in the tissue, a specially designed technic of staining was employed.
5. For demonstrating the gonococci in the tissue nearly 30 different technics are described in the literature. The author has reinvestigated these procedures and selected the most suitable methods enumerated below (A description of the original methods having some advantages will be published elsewhere at a future date). (1) Polychromes methylene blue stain, (2) Hucker's modification of Gram's stain, (3) Schmorl's methylene blue, (4) Goodpasture-MacCallum method, (5) Goto's auramin O-methylene blue method, (6) Nicolle's tannic acid method, (7) Herxheimer's technic, (8) Methyl green-pyronin method of Unna-Pappenheim, (9) May-Grünwald stain, (10) Thionine stain, (11) Pick-Jacobsohn's double stain, (12) Zieler's technic, and (13) Leszczynski's method.
6. The results of observations made on the above specified materials may be summarized as follows:
a) The gonococcal organisms present in tissues can be easily and well stained, but great pains and care must be taken in the staining technic for differentiating the gonococci from other related microorganisms as well as from granular structures present in the tissue.
b) The positive rate of gonococci demonstrable in the first series was 100%, while it was only 62.3% in the second. Although there are little differences in the histological nature of inflammatory les

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It is well known that aromatic nitrous or amido compounds cause occupational urosis, especially vesical diseases. Recently benzidine (which will be referred to as “Be” hereafter), one of these compounds, has become to be produced in Japan in large quantities as a intermediate product.
In a benzidine making shop we recently observed, for urological examination, two cases of acute hemorrhagic cystitis, which disease is found in workers engaged in benzidine production.
Case No. 1 is 28, while Case No. 2 is 29; both are males; they both suffered from acute hemorrhagic cystitis within 3 months after they were engaged in work. Their chief complaints consisted of erythrocyturia, pollakiuria and urodynia. There is nothing which is worth special mention regarding their family histories and anamneses.
Cystoscopy of both cases showed that the base of the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder underwent pathoses which consisted of remarkable hyperemia and blood spots. Elcosis was found in Case No. 2. The kidneys were almost normal. There was nothing abnormal in the isolated urine. Radiographic findings were normal. Blood examination indicated that both cases suffered from hyperchromic anemia at the early stage and that red blood cells contained Heinz graules. Eosinocytes showed an increase to some extent with the passage of time. The urine met with positive results pertaining to the presence of urobilinogen, indican and porphyrin. The application to nitrobenzene and “Be” to the skin of Case No. 1 and Case No. 2 yielded positive and negative and negative results, respectively. However, several hours after the application of these agents to the skin, Case No. 2 was attacked with fever and complained of languor all over the body. The exacerbation of the symtoms of cystitis and erythrocyturia were seen twentyfours later. Such findings may be considered to afford evidence of the allergic theory of cystitis due to “Be”.
Regarding the mechanism of cystitis due to “Be”, there are urinary, hematogenous and allergic theories. Yet from blood findings and clinical symptoms both cases may be due to benzidine poisoning. Since it may be presumed that more and more workers in this counthy will meet with such as an accident with the advance in its chemical industry, it is desirable that countermeasures should be taken from a urological point of view.

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