Introduction:
There are many instances with the symptoms of the unpleasant feeling or pain during urination, the feeling of urinal retention and of a desire to urinate in young female adults without gonorrheal affection. These cases are treated on the base of the bacteriological observations, finding several kind of bacteria, for example, E. coli, various kind of staphylococcus. however, it is not rare that some instances in those patients show the resistance to the antibacterial therapy, or indicate the negative data in the bacteriological examinaeion. Those are treatedas cases after cystitis or the bladder neurosis, but some of those cases indicate frequently the reddishness at the urethra or the swelling of the lateral ducts, although the patients show no abnormal findings in the bladder. Therefore, the author observed histo-pathologically the structural changes on the bladder in women in order todisolve the pathogenesis and to find out the suitable treatment for this disorder.
Method:
A. The cross, horizontal and sagittal sections of the total urethra from dead bodies are prepared as continuous series, and then they are stained with various methods for histo-pathological observations.
B. The biopsy from the lateral ducts indicating the reddishness in the urethra of the female patients hospitalized with the symptoms mentioned above are performed. These materials are histopathologically compared with normal materials obtained from dead bodies.
Results:
The markedly imflamated regions in the parts of the urethra and the lateral ducts are observed in almost half of the materials from dead bodies, and the similar findings are shown in all of the clinical materials. The results obtained in this paper are show as follows:
1) The findings of the imflamation in A group indicate intensive or marked chronic type, showing especially a tendency of localization, although the sphere of the affected regions are different by cases.
2) The similar findigs are obtained in the major part of B group.
3) The inflamated area are localized under the mucous membrane of the proper urethra and of the lateral ducts,
4) The pathological findings of the inflamation are divided to two types, being a intensive or marked diffuse cellular infiltration and a intensive follicular, localized cellular infiltration. The most intensive cases show the formation of the so-called lympho-follicle and around this area the surrounding infiltration are formed characteristically.
5) The cellular constitution of the infiltration are mainly small ronnd cells, plasma cells, tissue mononuclear cells, giant phagocytes, and occasionally fibroblasts. Congestion and edema exist in the infiltration area and its surroundings. Furthermore, in the most intensive inflamated area the defferentiation of the substantial tissue are almost impossible due to the accumulation of cells infiltrated.
6) The cellular infiltration is found mainly in the limitted positions which is located between 1.0cm. and 1.5cm. distance from the outer opening of the urethra. In this part of the urethra, over twenty or thirty lateral ducts are constructed and the wrinkles of the proper urethra are formed. One more position for the cellular infiltration is recognized in the surrounding location of the urethral cervix, where, although there are small number of the lateral ducts, the wrinkles are markedly formed and the peduliar construction showing semi-follicular, follicular and accumular follicular formations are observed, because of the characteristic papillary structure of the epithelium of the mucous membrane.
7) The results obtained above are similar in the observations on both clinical and dead materials, but in the small number of clinical cases and half of dead materials, slight poitive or negative findings of the inflamation are recognized. Therefore, it is assumed that there is the relationship between the phthological findings of the inflamation in the affecte

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We performed intravenous aortography in 26 patients and obtained desired results.
Arm-to-tongue circulation time was measured by means of the preliminary injection of choleretin into cubital vein. Simultaneous injection of small dosis of contrast medium was made for the purpose of detecting side reactions. A total of 100cc of 75 per cent Urokolin M was injected into both cubital veins by means of two fifty cc-syringes with 16 gauge needles. Serial films in one second time interval were taken utilizing Sanchez-Perez Automatic Seriograph Model 110 equipment.
The results were satisfactory with the majority of cases. Seven cases were reported in detail. No serious complication was encountered.
We believe that intravenous aortography has high clinical value in its simplicity and safety, nevertheless the picture obtained may be rather light in density.

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26 cases of upper urinary lithiasis, 23 cases of ureteral calculi and 3 cases of renal calculi have been treated with Rowatin.
The results are as follows:
1) In 21 out of 23 cases of ureteral calculi, spontaneous excretion of calculi has been resulted. The maximal size of the excreted stone was 1.2cm in diameter.
2) The average numbers of days required before the excretion of stone was achieved were 15 days in cases of ureteral calculi in the lower one third of the ureter, 28 days in cases of middle one third and 40 days in cases of upper one third of the ureter, respectively. In the actual treatment, considerably greater numbers of day would be required than the average numbers.
3) One out of 3 cases of renal calculi has passed the stone spontaneously, and in this case evident reduction of the stone was observed.
4) Rowatin was also appeared to be effective in relieving renal colic, flank pain and hypogastric pain.
5) No appreciable untoward reaction was noticed.
6) As a summary, Rowatin appeared not only to be effective in enhancing excretion mechanism of the stone but also could be very promising as a solving agent of the stone or as a prophylaxic agent for urinary lithiasis.

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