In order to investigate the causative mechanism of renal hypertension and maintaining mechanism of high blood pressure, observations were made on the histological changes in the constricted kidney, the contralateral kidney, and the blood vessels of the whole body from the second day to the fifty-sixth day after the unilateral renal artery constriction of a rat. Furthermore, the author also observed the changes in the kidney and the blood vessels of the whole body after giving synthesized Angiotensin II. By comparison of the histological changes of both experiments, the following results were observed:
1. Fluctuation of blood pressure caused by the unilateral renal artery constriction was observed after the second day; then blood pressure was gradually elevated and it remained at about 150mmHg.
2. Ischemic changes of the renal parenchyma and wedge-shaped necrosis were clearly found at the same time within a week in the constricted kidney. After a week, proliferation of the nuclei, hypertrophy of endothelium and mesangium of the glomeruli, thickening of Bowman's capsules and cell-infiltration and proliferation of connective tissue in the interstitium appeared; changes of the glomeruli and the interstitium showed a tendency, though very slightly, to increase continually. Thickening of the media in renal arterioles was seen from the fourth day, but this did not show a tendency to become obvious continually. The only changes found in blood vessels was thickening of the media, and neither degeneration nor necrosis was seen. As far as the constricted kidney was concerned, at the early stage ischemic changes were strongly present. But, as time went on, sclerotic changes, though comparatively slight, were observed.
3. In continual observation of the histological changes of the contralateral kidney, only very slight thickening of the media in renal blood vessels was seen within a week; but after two weeks, remarkable thickening of the media was found in arterioles and small arteries. At the same time, some changes began to appear in the glomeruli, tubuli, and interstitium, and they gradually became prominent. But necrosis was not observed in the renal parenchyma or arterial walls.
4. J. G. C. granules increased a little in the constricted kidney three days after the renal artery constriction, and continually increased. On the contrary, J. G. C. granules in the contralateral kidney decreased after a week, and this same tendency to decrease was noted even after eight weeks. The higher the degree of granulation in the constricted kidney, the more markedly and the more rapidly the granules in the contralateral kidney decreased.
5. After four days or so, slight thickening of the media in the arterioles was observed in the blood vessels of the viscera, except in the kidney. After two weeks, remarkable thickening of the media was seen not only in the arterioles but also in small arteries. This change gradually became prominent, but it was limited mainly to the media and partly to the intima. Such changes as exudation of fibrin, hyalinous degeneration, and fibrinoid necrosis were not observed at all.
6. Elevation of blood pressure was observed in all the cases by giving the synthesized Angiotensin II, and the rate of elevation was 45.5mmHg in average. Compared with fluctuation of blood pressure caused by unilateral renal constriction, this rate of elevation was somewhat low.
7. Swelling of the glomeruli, proliferation of the nuclei, hypertrophy of the endothelium and the mesangium, thickening of Bowman's capsules, and cell-infiltration and proliferation of the connective tissue in the interstitium were found in the kidney after giving the synthesized Angiotensin II. Remarkable thickening of arterioles and small arteries was also observed in renal blood vessels in all cases. J. G. C. granules disappeared or diminished in 84.2% of the total cases of this experiment. These histological changes were very similar to those seen

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In the urological field, the fibrin-clot included blood-clot in the urine is one of the important problems in a sense of obtaining good urine output through the urinary tract.
Recently, as fibrinolytic preparations advanced, these have been administered to the treatment of vascular occlusive diseases such as thrombosis.
In urine, there is a fibrinolytic enzyme i. e. urokinase (U. K.), and uropepsin, trypsin-inhibitory substance and a thromboplastin-like substance are pointed out as substances associated with this enzyme.
This paper reviews my experience about clotting and dissolution of the blood in urine reacted with these preparations in vitro.
1. The experiments of 1ml of these preparations to 10g of blood-clot in 30ml of urine:
1) Urokinase: A solution of 5, 000 and 2, 500u/ml dissolved the blood-clot initially incompletely, but thereafter clotted total urine with blood, and then redissolved the urine and the blood-clot.
The solution of 1, 250, 625 and 312.5u/ml did not clot it temporarily, but dissolved it completely. The solution of 625u/ml to the blood-clot in urine dissolved extremely.
2) Plasmin: The dissolution of the solution of 62.5u/ml to the blood-clot in urine was extreme, also that of 31.25u/ml.
The dissolution of the higher concentrated solutions was later and incomplete than that of 62.5u/ml.
3) Streptokinase: The dissolved curve of the solutions ranging from 3, 125 to 50, 000u/ml to the hood-clot were almost parallel to the concentration of the solution, but that of 6, 250u/ml was most rapidly.
2. The clotting and dissolution of 2.5ml of the venous blood and 0.5ml of U. K.—solutions in 7.5ml of urine:
1) The clotting time; The clotting of the total urine with the blood was observed. The control without U. K. clotted after 46 minutes. When the U. K.—solution of 1, 350u/ml was added the sample added the purified U. K. and the commercial U. K. clotted after 51 and 61.5 minutes respectively.
2) The dissolution: The dissolution of the clot added to purified U. K. was most rapidly up to 170 minutes, but equivalent dissolution of the clot added to purified U. K. and of the control was at 170 minutes.
In general, the dissolution of the clot added to commercial U. K. was latest.
3. The clotting and dissolution of 0.25ml of U. K.—Solution on 2.5ml of the fresh venous blood involved 0.5g of the same patient's fresh blood-clot. The concentration of U. K.—solution was 1, 350u/ml.
1) The clotting time: The clotting time of the control without U. K., that added the purified U. K. and the commercial U. K. were 21 minutes and 5 seconds, 14 minutes and 30 seconds, and 20 seconds respectively.
2) The clot added to purified U. K. and commercial U. K. dissolved much more rapidly than the control.
4. The clotting time of 10ml of the urine with 2ml of the same patient's venous blood added 0.1ml of Trostin (Chugai)—solution and 0.1ml of Thrombokinase (Geigy)—solution was shorter than the control without these thromboplastin agents.
Thereafter, the dissolution time of the U. K.—solution (1.0ml) ranged from 100 to 500u/ml to total clotting was from 180 to 900 minutes, but that of the control without U. K. could not be observed at 1, 800 minutes.
The dissolution time of the PL-solution (1ml) of 250u/ml was 146 minutes, and 125u/ml 165 minrutes, 25u/ml ranged from 180 to 900 minutes.
5. In series of 15ml of urine added to 0.5ml of U. K.—solution of 312.5u/ml, PL-Solution of 62.5u/ml, SK-solution of 3, 125u/ml respectively, the control without thromboplastin agent, and the sample added Trostin-solution, Thrombokinase-solution and Trostin-solution plus Thrombokinase-solution were prepared respectively.
Thereafter, 5ml of banked blood, 0.1ml of CaCl₂ and 0.1ml of thrombin were added to these samples.

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The purpose of this study is the roentgenological elucidation for the slight disturbance of micturition. The method is as follows: the patient was given four exposures, such as an injection film, a contraction film, a film two minutes after injection, and a choke voiding film in 45 degree oblique position.
The contrast medium for choke voiding is 7% NaI or 19% Urografin which was injected retrogradely into the bladder.
Among 171 cases, normal cases were 50, pathological cases, 96 and slight disturbance of micturition, 25.
1) The normal degree of dilating function of the posterior urethra. —the difference between the choke voiding film and the injection film— is as follows, the internal orifice (A) is 3-7mm, the upper part of verumontanum (B) is 2-7mm, the part of verumontanum (C) is 2-5mm, and the part of external sphincter (D) is 2-5mm.
2) The normal degree of contraction by choke voiding at the prostatic urethra is 2-6mm. (E)
3) The main cause of the slight disturbance of micturition is the neurogenic or muscular disorders in the internal sphincter.
The former: (A) and (B) are at the high grade and (E) is low.
The latter: (A) and (B) are at the low grade and (E) is almostnormal.
4) Among the cases of the slight disturbance of micturition, there are many of cases who belong to the category of chronic prostatitis, neurogenic bladder and prostatism.
5) The author presumes that the whole posterior urethra is the organ of urinary control and that the sphincter mechanism in the part of verumontanum is weaker than others.
6) As the roentgenological elucidation for the slight disturbance of micturition, the author recommends an injection film, a contraction film, a film after injection and a choke voiding film.

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With the use of specimens of the urinary bladder cancer, totally or subtotally resected, the reaction of the intermediary tissue around the tumor was studied.
The following results were obtained:
1) As for the reaction of the intermediary tissue, the tissue cell reaction and the fibrosis were checked. Both of these were observed in all of the totally resected specimens.
In the case of the subtotally resected specimens the tissue cell reaction was negative in 14.0% and the fibrotic change in 9.3%.
2) The relation between the cancerous cell infiltration and the intermediary tissue response (cellular reaction and fibrosis) was investigated.
The stage of the tissue cell reaction was higher in the case of the infiltration stage above B₁ (according to Jewett) than in the case of the infiltration degree A.
In subtotally resected specimens, however, the above relationship was not clear.
The fibrotic change was more increased in the case of the infiltration stage above B₁ than in degree A both in totally and subtotally resected specimens.
3) The interrelation between the morphological characteristics and the intermediary tissue response was checked.
In the case of the totally removed specimens, the tissue response was strong irrespective of the degree of morphological changes of the cancer cell.
In the case of the subtotally removed specimens, the tissue fibrosis was strong irrespective of the cancerous cell arrangement.
As for mitosis irregularity, in size of the cells, and the destruction of the basal membrane, however, the more frequently these changes were observed, the more strongly the fibrosis of the intermediary tissue occured.
4) The response of the intermediary tissue at the distance of 1 and 2cm from the tumor site was checked.
Although there were some exceptions, the general tendancy was that the degree of intermediary tissue response became slight at the distance from the tumor site increased, and at least, the intermediary tissue remained intact from the standpoint of the tissue cell reaction and the fibrosis.

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A simplified method for the construction of an extracorporeal bypass for hemodialysis has been described.
1) It is the procedure for the hemodialytic shunt construction to use taper catheters embedded in the femoral artery and vein based on the principle of selective renal angiography descrided by Edholmand Seldinger, and for the formation of an A-V shunt with the aid of a silicon rubber tube connected to the flared outer ends of the catheters for use at intervals between regular dialyses.
2) The results of clinical trial in intermittent hemodialysis with this extracorporeal circuit system in a series of four patients with chronic renal insufficiency using Kolff's twin kidney apparatus stress its usefulness in improving disorders of fluid and serum electrolyte regulation.

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One case of sarcoma botryoides of the bladder of a 4 month-old female infant was reported (Tab. 1 and 2).
Partial cystectomy with rt. uretero-vesiconeostomy was performed, followed by the treatment with 5-Fluorouracil (50mg/day) for nine days.
The patient left the hospital fifty days after operation with fair recovery.
She is still healthy without any sign of recurrence or metastasis of tumor.
Reviews of English and Japanese literatures of the sarcoma botryoides of the bladder were made.
This case reported here was found to be the 27th case in Japan.
Unhesitating performance of early radical surgery has greatly improved the prognosis, once considered hopeless.

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