Estimation of urinary mucoproteins was performed with the method of Anderson & Maclagan (a method of absorption on benzoic acid) in cases of various diseases of the kidney and the urinary tract.
1) The estimation with this method is not disturbed by the existence of albumin, sugar, bacteia and red blood cell in the urine, but is demonstrated to have close correlation with the urinary osmorality.
2) Mean values of urinary mucoproteins in normal subjects are as follows: male adult-10±4mg/100ml; female adult-9±4mg/100ml; infant and child-8±3mg/100ml. The upper limit of normal range can be set at 20mg/100ml, because no case shows a value over this limit.
3) In cases of acute and chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, pregnacy toxemia, and injury of the kidney, significantly elevated excretion of urinary mucoproteins are almost invariably demonstrated.
4) Two cases under treatment with mitomycin or kanamycin, and also two cases which were administered X-ray contrast media for intravenous pyelography showed significantly increased excretion. It indicates that the increased excretion of urinary mucoproteins may be a manifestation of toxic nephropathy probably due to these medications.
5) In the half cases after various urological operations for urogenital diseases, slight and transitory increase of urinary mucoproteins is observed. In urolithiasis some cases shows slight elevation over the upper limit of the normal range, but the pathogenetic relation of increased urinary mucoproteins excretion with the formation of urinary stones can not definitely be ascertained.
6) In all cases of orthostatic or benign albuminuria and essential hematuria, the excretion of urinary mucoproteins remains always under the upper limit of the normal range.
7) It is strongly suggested that elevated excretion of urinary mucoproteins has close correlation with tubular dysfunction of the kidney, and increased urinary mucoproteins in the urine has pathognomonlc significance in disturbed tubular function different from urinary albumin. Therefore the estimation of mucoproteins is thought to be a very useful diagnostic tool for detection of toxic nephropathy and determination whether substances such as drugs and heavy metals are nephrotoxic or not.

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Urinary mucoproteins and urokinase activity in the diseases of the kidney and the urinary tract were estimated and correlation of them was investigated. Estimation of urinary mucoproteins and of urokinase actiity were performed with absorption on benzoic acid (Anderson & Maclagan, 1955) and with fibrin plate method (units: mm²; Astrup, 1952) respectively.
1) Urokinase activity estimated by fibrin plate method was demonstrated to have close correlation with the urinary osmorality.
2) Mean estimated value of urokinase activity in the urine of normal subject was 280±90mm². But, considering wide variation in normal controls, normal range was set to be 100-450mm².
3) In most cases of urolithiasis, urokinase activity remained within normal range, and the patho genetic relation of increased uriney mucoproteins and decreased urokinase activity excretion in the formation of urinary stones which has been proposed by some authors, could not be ascertained.
4) In a half of cases of essential hematuria, urokinase activity was elevated, indicating a possible relationship with renal bleeding.
5) In cases of renal failure, hydronephrosis and polycystic kidney with impaired functions, significant decrease of urokinase activity were demonstrated. Whereas in the cases of renal failure significantly elevated excretion of urinary mucoproteins was demonstrated, in the cases of hydronephrosis and polycystic kidney the excretion of urinary mucoproteins remained writhin the normal range.
6) In cases of injury of the kidney, significant elevation of urokinase activity and excretion of urinary mucoproteins were demonstrated.
7) When the renal function were more or less impaired, rapid and manifest decrease of urokinase activity was induced by administration of transamine. This provocative test with transamine was thought to be a very simple and useful diagnostic method for detection of latent impairment of the renal function.

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In adult dogs, excluding the influence of urine flow by ligating the renal vein, and then applying electroureterography, experimental studies were conducted to evaluate the effects on ureteral function of intra-aortic injections of various stimulating and blocking agents of the autonomic nervous system and ganglia and smooth muscle stimulants. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
The administrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and phenylephrine had their effects in shortening the intervals of action potential discharge. Norepinephrine had an additional effect of increasing amplitude of action potential, but phentolamine had no such effect consistently.
Treatment with isoproterenol caused abnormalities in action potentials such as disappearance and prolonged discharge intervals, while propranolol exhibited no definite effect.
On administrations of phentolamine + epinephrine, prolonged discharge intervals observed, which were suggestive of β effect. Under the effect of tetrodotoxin (TTX), catecholamines were injected. Epinephrine and norepinephrine were associated with shortened discharge intervals, and isoproterenol with a loss of action potentials, showing no effect of TTX on the catecholamines effect.
The administration of neostigmine and atropine showed no consistent effects on either the discharge intervals, amplitude, or travel rate. The effect of acetylcholine consisted in a shortening tendency of discharge intervals and a retreating tendency of travel rate. Treatment with Dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP) was observed sometimes causing shortened discharge intervals, while hexamethonium showed no distinctive effect. Shortened intervals of discharge were also observed as the effect of hisstamine or serotonin injection.

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Pathogenesis of testicular necrosis has been reported to be torsion of spermatic cord or obliterating thromboangitis of spermatic vessels, although there have been some cases referred to as idiopathic.
The case of testicular necrosis presented here revealed paraproteinemia secondary to extramedullary plasmacytoma, which was confirmed by chest X-ray and scalenus lymph node biopsy. It is likely that paraproteinemia caused disturbances of circulation and coagulation which resulted in thrombosis formation of spermatic vessels and necrosis of testis and epididymis.
It is possible that in some diseases testicular necrosis appears as the initial symptom before the underlying primary disorder is disclosed. In such a case, the cause of testicular necrosis is usually reported as idiopathic. However, the authors assume that there is a possibility that, in this idiopathic group, there are some cases of paraproteinemia as we reported in this paper.

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A 48 year-old man admitted with chief complaint of right flank pain and fever. X-ray examination revealed staghorn calculi in the right kidney, associated with squamous cell carcinoma.
Metastasis of the carcinoma in the retroperitoneum was discovered by biopsy five months after nephrectomy, and Bleomycin treatment was carried out effectively. However, the patient died one year and five months postoperatively.
On autopsy, there was a necrotic cyst between the duodenum and the vena cava inferior at the level of 1st lumbar vertebra complicated with a duodenal fistula and a rupture of the vena cava inferior. Microscopically, there was little squamous cell carcinoma in the wall of the cyst. No metastasis was marked in the lungs, liver and lymph nodes.
He died due to the duodenal fistula, not due to the cachexia of the carcinoma.

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