Recently, relationship between the β-Glucuronidase activity and the various tumors has been in vestigated by many workers.
Biochemical determination of β-Glucuronidase activity in serum, urine and pathological tissue homogenate of patients suffering from various urological diseases was performed by the Talalay, Fishman and Huggins' procedure. And of the pathological tissue, histochemical staining of this enzyme was carried out by the Burton and Pearse's method.
The results were as follows:
1. In the patients with malignant tumor, for instance, bladder carcinoma, prostatic carcinoma and testicular tumor, β-Glucuronidase activity was higher than in the normal subjects. From these facts, the determination of this enzyme activity in serum and urine has proved to be useful for diagnosis of the malignant tumor in urological field.
2. It was found in the histochemical studies that intensive activity was revealed in the proximal convoluted tubules and the Henle's ascending limbs of the normal kidney, in epitherial layers of the prostatic gland, in papillary tissue of the bladder tumor, and also in the area where the infiltration of malignant tumor cell was marked.
3. From these results, the rôle of this enzyme is thought to be a catalyzer for the processes from the mucopolysaccharide to the nucleic substances, especially in the tumor tissue.

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In order to obtain the necessary knowledge for applying the “Blood Cleaner” to animals, the author carried out various fundamental experiments with relatively simple devices. As related by Dr. Kushimoto, the Blood Cleaner is a sort of artificial kidney in which electrodialysis technique was introduced. The apparatus, chiefly used, had dialysing area of only 12.5cm², and its ability was very effective. Principal results obtained can be summarized as follows.
1) In the Blood cleaner, as electrolyte solution is supplied in the amount calculated from the electric current, concentrations of various ions were almost perfectly stabilized.
2) The amount of supply of solution was sufficient at the rate of 2 drops per second under the applied current.
3) The author could elevate in safety the current up to 1000mA, and also it was converted into current density of 30mA/cm².
4) Removal of urea nitrogen was very steady. The value corresponding to clearance was 134cc/min on the average.
5) The polarity of electrodes was changed every 15-30 minutes, and consequently unnecessary inclination of crystalloid and colloid ions was easily avoidable.

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Partial nephrectomy with suturing only the fibrous capsule was performed on 65 rabbits. The experiments were divided into three groups. A piece of each own abdominal muscle was inserted onto the operative parenchyma wound in the first group, a piece of each own fatty tissue (mostly the fatty capsule of the kidney) in the second one, and none was inserted in the third one (simple suture of the fibrous capsule).
The pathohistological process of the healing wounds as well as the changes in the remnant parenchyma and in that of the opposite kidney was observed every day for the first 7 days, then on the 10. day, the 15. day, the 20. day and the 30. day.
The inserted own muscle and the fatty tissue worked hemostatic by compressing the wound (in the first group in 3 days and in the second one in 5 days), and did not behave as a foreign body. And the former piece was absorbed completely in a month but the latter one did not entirely and remained diminishingly in the same term. The hemostasis in the third group was also completely in a week.
As for the lesion of the operated kidney tissue, all cases revealed just after one day unto a few days, remarkable necrosis with infiltration of leukocyte with hyaline casts in the lumina of the surrounding urinary tubules and diffuse regressive changes such as cloudy swelling of the tubular epithelium.
On the other hand, granulation occurred around the necrotic focus from about the third day and was in the tendency of organization, and in parallel with it, the infiltration of leukocytes was gradually substituted by that of lymphocytes and histiocytes. The complete healing of the wound was observed after a month. There was no great difference in this tendency of healing process among the three groups. But as for the healing at the amputation stump, irregular partial scar formation was observed in the first group, remarkable proliferation of connective tissue surrounding the diminished fatty tissue in the second one and formation of very thin scar tissue in the third one.
The changes (such as the cloudy swelling of the tubular epithelium and hyaline casts) on the remnant region of the operated kidney and on the kidney opposite side were also least in the third group and greatest in the second one. It was not, however, a matter of importance, because most of such changes were disappeared in a few days.
Thus it will be concluded that the simple suture of the fibrous capsule of the kidney without inserting anything in the nephrectomized parenchyma was sufficient for hemostasis and most favorable for the healing process of the wound, giving the least influences to the renal parenchyma. In order to prevent the secondary hemorrhage after the operation and the formation of urinary fistula, the operative wound is needed to be healed quickly. For this purpose, it is necessary to restrict to give damages to the renal parenchyma least and to prevent the infection. In this respect the presented operation method in the third group, i. e. the simple suture of the fibrous capsule of the kidney is considered to be the most favorable clean method.

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1. It is very difficult to define the cure in renal tuberculosis.
2. The stable conversion and the pyelographical improvement are indices to determine cure and cessation of chemotherapy. But both are very difficult to determine exactly.
3. The histological effect of chemotherapeutics on each lesion is very variable.
4. None of domestic and one-third of foreign authors state that renal tuberculosis can be cured with chemotherapy alone.
5. One-third of domestic and one-fourth of foreign authors are treating the cases with minor cavities operatively.
In the cases with moderately large cavities, the operative rate of the former is 94% and the latter 37.5%. In the cases with large cavities and pyonephrosis, the rate is very high (the domestic 98% and 100%; the foreign 81.3% and 90.6% respectively). Therefore it might be said that the limits of chemotherapy can be drawn up to the cases with minor cavities at the present time.
6. In the case of conservative treatment, near a half of the domestic authors state that two years chemotherapy is necessary.
7. One to three months' chemotherapy prior to operation seems to be suitable, judging from the data of my questionnaires.
8. As the optimum period of chemotherapy following after nephrectomy, one year is given by the majority.
9. One-third of the domestic authors keep the patient in the state of rest for one year. Three domestic authors do not restrict them to rest all, and about four-fifths of foreign authors do not restrict them to bed rest, in conservatively treated cases.
10. The triple drug therapy is being most widely used now in the world.
I would like to express my heartful gratitude to those who have co-operated with my inquiry.

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