Bladder potentials were recorded in the resting and stimulating time of the pelvic nerve, using the exposed urinary bladder and pelvic nerve of guinea pig. The correlation between tonic impulses and the mechanism of urination was investigated as follows.
1) The tonic impulses of the urinary bladder are composed of small sized potentials with 7-8impulses/sec and large ones with 1-2impulses/sec.
2) Bladder potentials are consisted of many group potentials arising from each bladder muscle fiber. They do not conduct all over the urinary bladder.
3) The wave of the tonic impulses of the pelvic nerve corresponds to that of the urinary bladder, though both are not the same. The bladder tonic potential is considered to be the compound potential with automatic rhythmic discharges of the urinary bladder and those of the pelvic nerve.
4) The stimulation of pelvic nerve induces the compound bladder potentials repetitively. This repetition of the bladder potential is brought about as the after-discharges of the pelvic nerve, which is considered as the mechanism to maintain the tonus of the bladder.
5) The repetitive stimulation of the pelvic nerve accelerates its after-potential and shortens its interval. However, it was clarified that after-potentials were inhibited by the repetitive stimulations for a long period of time.
6) The bladder potential is inhibited up to a certain limit by the elongation of the urinary bladder, thereafter a predominant bladder potential and the urination occurs. This fact is considered to be the mechanism of the urination reflex.
7) A marked bladder potential with series of downward spikes occurs during urination. Therefore, the bladder contraction passes from the apex to the neck of the bladder. Furthermore, the predominant bladder potentials are maintained for several seconds even after urination.

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The urethral pressure profile was measured by the use of a two-eyed 14F Nelaton's catheter in 15 control adult males, 17 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and 15 patients with prostatism without prostatic enlargement. The catheter was passed at a speed of 30mm/min, using a flow rate of 1 to 2ml/min. The parameters of UPP used in this study were the Max. P, FPUL and Area, as shown in Fig. 1. In the area measurement a multipurpose integrator was used, the application of which in this field has not been described to date. An α-adrenergic blocker was given in 10 of the 17 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and its effect was evaluated by the UPP.
1. There was no significant difference in Max. P between control adults and patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and with prostatism.
2. There was no significant difference in FPUL between control adults and patients with prostatism, but the FPUL was significantly elongated in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy.
3. The Area was progressively larger in the order of control adults, patients with prostatism and patients with prostatic hypertrophy, and the difference among the three groups was significant.
4. The α-adrenergic blocker elicited a decrease in the Area in all. In parallel with the change in UPP the residual urine decreased and the subjective symptoms improved. The results of this study suggest the usefulness of the α-adrenergic blocker as a conservative treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy.
5. Calculation of the Area was considered to be useful in the evalution of UPP.

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Diabetic cystopathy (DCP) represents the state of bladder dysfunction induced by diabetes mellitus. 40 diabetic patients, 27 males and 13 females, were clinically evaluated. The age of male patients averaged 63 years old and that of female 59. The average period of diabetes mellitus was 5.7 years.
1. Cystometric examination revealed the following results; hypotonic pattern, said to be characteristic of DCP, was found only in 13 patients (33%), normal pattern in 18 (45%), and hypertonic pattern including the uninhibited contraction in 9 (23%), 8 of which had the complication of cerebrovascular lesion.
2. Difference of bladder capacity between at the first desire to void (FDV) and the maximum desire to void (MDV) was less than 100ml in 55% of patients. This new parameter seems to be of significance in the diagnosis of DCP, suggesting the presence of sensory disturbance of the urinary bladder.
3. The maximum urethral pressure, length of continence zone and the total profile length, observed by urethral pressure profile, did not show any significant difference statistically in both sexes compared to the control value.
4. Urinary flow curve demonstrated that both the average and maximum flow rates were lower than the normal value in the majority of cases.
5. Cystourethrography, performed in 7 patients, showed the atonic form of bladder in 4 and normal form in 3. None had the vesicoureteral reflux.
6. Residual urine averaged 78ml in males and 129ml in females.
7. Hypotonic cystometrogram was often observed in such cases as suffering from diabetes mellitus over 10 years and requiring both medical treatment and diet. Fast blood sugar level, insulinogenic index, and presence of neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy demonstrated no correlation with the type of cystometrogram.
8. 7 DCP patients were presented with their symptoms and treatments.
9. Over-enthusiatic dependance on parasympathomimetics should now be reconsidered for the treatment of DCP. A habit of repetitive voiding, non-sterile intermittent self-catheterization, alpha adrenergic blocker are the subsequent alternatives. Parasympatholytic drug is effective for the urianry incontinence due to the uninhibited bladder contraction. Transurethral resection of the bladder neck might be indicated in such a case as with an enlarged prostate.

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The levels of EM and ABPC-MCIPC in the prostatic tissue and the prostatic fluid of the dog were determined.
1. EM: The maximum concentration in the prostatic tissue after single oral dose of EM 50mg/kg was 2.20μg/g and prostatic tissue/serum ratio was 1.49. The maximum level of EM in the prostatic fluid was 8.95μg/ml and prostatic fluid/serum ratio was 4.40.
2. ABPC-MCIPC: The concentrations in the prostatic tissue and the prostatic fluid after single oral dose of ABPC 25mg/kg and MCIPC 25mg/kg was scarcely detectable.
The concentrations of SMX-TMP in the seminal plasma of normal adult and in the adenoma tissue of patients with prostatic hyperplasia were determined.
1. SMX: The maximum concentration of SMX in the prostatic tissue after single oral dose of SMX 800mg and TMP 160mg was 20.6μg/g and prostatic tissue/serum ratio was 0.366. The maximum level in the seminal plasma was 6.5μg/ml and semen/serum ratio was 0.151.
2. TMP: The maximum concentration of TMP in the prostatic tissue was 6.89μg/g and prostatic tissue/serum ratio was 3.82. The maximum level of TMP in seminal plasma was 5.75μg/ml and semen/serum ratio was 2.90.

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From the clinical experiences heat has been known to induce tumor regression without causing significant changes to normal surrounding tissues. Heat has also been shown to enhance the radiosensitivity or effect of anticancer drug to the cancer cells. However, little is known about the mechanism of the cancerocidal effect of heat in spite of large number of clinical and experimental investigations. We have achieved hyperthermic treatment of the bladder cancer for the past 3 years. This report is aimed to describe 1) ultrastrucure of normal and malignant cells of the bladder 2) ultrastructural changes of the bladder cancer cells following hyperthermic treatment and combined therapy with hyperthermia and radiation.
Normal epithelium of the bladder is composed of three layers, superficial cell, intermediate cell and basal cell. The luminal plasma membrane of the superficial cell consists of asymmetric unit membrane. Overall appearance of well differentiated carcinoma shows regular arrangement tumor cells with moderate numbers of cytoplasmic organelles.
Poorly differentiated carcinoma develops disorderly with large and irregular shaped nucleus. Ultrastructural changes of tumor cells were appreciated not only immediately after the single treatment but also after ten times treatment of hyperthermia. The most prominent change was the degeneration of the cytoplamsmic matrix like burned appearance. Cytoplasmic organelles, such as mitochondria and Golgi apparatus showed moderate changes in number and form. Some of the nucleus appeared slightly clear nucleoplasm after the hyperthermic irrigation. But plasma membrane and nuclear membrane were almost preserved and seemed to be the most resistant to the heat. After the combination therapy alteration occurred more intense than hyperthermia alone.
From the present study it was demonstrated that high temperature affected the cytoplasm and nucleus of the cancer cell and might induce a cancer cell death. Further studies must be performed in regard to the ultrastructural changes of normal bladder cells after the hyperthermic treatment.

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